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GRA · Sovereign Capital Nexus

空间金融资本与危害、风险暴露和转型的交汇之处

面向主权决策的决策分析

Sovereign wealth and debt decisions are made under 深度不确定性 about commodity prices, climate pathways, disasters, geopolitics and demographic change. Decision analysis makes the trade-offs between saving, spending, insuring and borrowing explicit, and tests choices across many futures rather than a single forecast.

01登记

Decision analysis for sovereign choices on the record.

方法记录STEM 方法
  1. 方法不确定性下的决策分析
  2. 应用于Sovereign Capital Nexus
  3. 规范页面STEM 公共资源
02申请

不确定性下的决策分析在此处的作用。

Decision analysis under uncertainty provides structured methods for choosing among options when outcomes are uncertain and objectives conflict. It makes trade-offs and value judgements explicit. In sovereign and public finance and capital markets and investment, decision analysis helps choose actions that perform acceptably across interconnected risks and uncertain futures. It clarifies when to act now and when to keep options open. The canonical description is on STEM Commons.

Disaster risk layering choices

Retention and transfer options are compared on cost, speed of payout and 基差风险 across loss scenarios, to show how a mix of reserves, contingent credit and insurance performs.

Robust fiscal and fund rules

Candidate deposit and withdrawal rules are run across many price and return paths and judged on how often they breach spending, saving or liquidity thresholds.

Mandate trade-offs for boards

Multi-criteria analysis sets out how candidate allocations score against return, liquidity, domestic policy goals and governance risk, with the weights made explicit.

03监测

不确定性分析。

团队遵循该方法时会使用的界面:其指标、状态与决策。名称为示例,数值仅作示意。

不确定性分析

Sovereign capital · Decision analysis for sovereign · Run R-9903

敏感度排序GRA · Sovereign Capital Nexus

总阶敏感度

产出分布

输入

Assets under management对数正态local bn, stated专家判断征询
Liquidity tranche cover正常months of imports, stated专家判断征询
Drawdown in severe scenario正常 of fund, stated专家判断征询
Domestic investment share正常 of fund, stated专家判断征询
Uncertainty analysis: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Sovereign capital.示例名称和示意数值;是设计方案,并非记录或实时系统。
04数据

该方法使用的输入。

本平台上不确定性下的决策分析所使用的数据集与记录,注明各自的作用及其数值所附的标签。来源列于 来源登记册.

数据角色标签
Scenario sets for prices, climate and demographyFutures against which choices are tested模型估算
Catastrophe risk model outputsLoss distributions by layer模型估算
专家意见征询 recordsProbabilities where data are thin估算
Instrument terms and pricingCost of each financing option已发布统计
05情景模型

主权债务路径与突破阈值的可能性。

债务路径的分布,以及期末超过关注阈值的份额,是主权投资者和评级分析师从扇形图中读取的内容。这是带有明示示意数值的教学模型,不是预测。

  • 中位数、25% 至 75% 区间和 10% 至 90% 区间
  • 无冲击

控制措施

当前债务
占 GDP 的 70%
有效名义利率
5.0%
名义 GDP 增长
4.5%
基本余额
占 GDP 的 −0.5%
增长的波动性
2.0 个点
利率的波动性
1.0 个点
未来年数
10 年
关注阈值
占 GDP 的 90%

读数

时间跨度末的债务中位数
占 GDP 的 78%
期末高于阈值的路径
3%
稳定债务的基本余额
占 GDP 的 0.3%
数字、方法与来源
年份10%25%中位数75%90%
070.070.070.070.070.0
169.069.770.771.973.1
269.070.371.573.174.5
368.970.572.774.676.5
469.171.073.475.677.7
569.471.774.276.879.2
669.972.274.977.881.0
770.072.775.578.882.2
870.373.176.280.383.2
970.873.877.381.284.9
1071.474.378.282.186.5

方法

  1. 债务动态与利率增长差 Blanchard(2019),《公共债务与低利率》,American Economic Review 109
  2. 随机扇形图 Celasun、Debrun 和 Ostry(2006),IMF Staff Papers 53
  3. 主权风险与债务可持续性框架 IMF (2022), Staff Guidance Note on the SRDSF

数据

No observed data enters this model: it runs on the teaching values set by the controls, to be replaced with a programme’s own evidence.

主权债务路径及突破阈值的概率。示意性教学模型:它依据控件设定的数值运行,而不是实测数据。方法:债务动态与利率与增长率之差(Blanchard(2019),Public debt and low interest rates,American Economic Review 109);随机扇形图(Celasun、Debrun 和 Ostry(2006),IMF Staff Papers 53);主权风险与债务可持续性框架(IMF(2022),Staff Guidance Note on the SRDSF)。
06验证

结果如何核查。

分析通过 敏感性分析、同行评审与利益相关方审视加以核查。回顾性审查将决策与结果进行比较。

核查如何开展
敏感性分析Results are recomputed with altered probabilities, weights and costs to show which choices are fragile
Performance across scenariosChoices are judged on how they perform across the whole scenario set, not on a single central case
回顾性审查Past decisions are compared with outcomes to improve elicitation and scenario design

结果取决于征询得到的概率与偏好,而这些可能存在偏倚。深度不确定性可能使期望值比较产生误导。

07风险暴露、损失与资本

What decision analysis for sovereign choices means for exposure, loss and capital.

风险官、监管者或财政部会要求的风险暴露、损失、情景和资本视图,以及它们据以报告的框架。结构遵循监管和精算实务。数值为说明性:绝非价格、评级或建议。

资本、偿付能力和财政指标

The indicators a risk officer, supervisor or ministry of finance reads first on decision analysis for sovereign choices.

指标单位谁来阅读框架
公共债务占 GDP 的 %财政部、IMF债务可持续性框架
总融资需求每年占 GDP 的 %财政部、投资者债务可持续性框架
或有负债占 GDP 的 %,按来源划分财政部门财政风险声明
利息占收入的比重占收入的百分比财政部、评级使用方公共财政统计
主权利差高于基准的基点投资者、债务管理者市场数据
CET1 比率占风险加权资产的百分比银行、监管机构巴塞尔框架
流动性覆盖率压力流出的 %银行、中央银行巴塞尔框架
Source: the frameworks named in each row. Indicator names, units and frameworks only; values belong to each institution’s own reporting and are never shown here.
NGFS 气候情景 · 央行与监管机构绿色金融网络IFRS S2 气候相关披露 · ISSBTCFD 建议 · 金融稳定理事会 TCFD有效管理气候相关金融风险的原则 · 巴塞尔银行监管委员会
09管理责任

由谁维护该方法。

系统性风险管理 为 Consortium 管理不确定性下的决策分析,并审查其在各平台上的应用情况。

11问题

问题与解答。

在该领域,不确定性下的决策分析有哪些局限?
结果取决于征询得到的概率与偏好,而这些可能存在偏倚。深度不确定性可能使期望值比较产生误导。
结果如何核查?
分析通过敏感性分析、同行评审与利益相关方审视加以核查。回顾性审查将决策与结果进行比较。
本页面上的数值是真实的吗?
The data names, roles and checks are real descriptions of practice. The canvas shows a design of the method’s use, not a run; no result is reported here.
该方法还应用于何处?
维持社会运转的各个 规范方法页面 列出应用该方法的每个平台。
报告贡献

从本页贡献证据。

报告 is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

全球风险联盟(Global Risks Alliance)Sovereign Capital Nexus金融与保险准备度
Sovereign Capital Nexus

向联盟提出风险暴露或资本问题。

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