Disaster risk layering choices
Retention and transfer options are compared on cost, speed of payout and basis risk across loss scenarios, to show how a mix of reserves, contingent credit and insurance performs.
GRA · Sovereign Capital Nexus
Spatial financeWhere capital meets hazard, exposure and transition
Decision analysis for sovereign choices
Sovereign wealth and debt decisions are made under deep uncertainty about commodity prices, climate pathways, disasters, geopolitics and demographic change. Decision analysis makes the trade-offs between saving, spending, insuring and borrowing explicit, and tests choices across many futures rather than a single forecast.
01Qeyd
Decision analysis for sovereign choices on the record.
Method recordSTEM method
- RêbazAnalîza biryarê di bin nediyarî de
- ParêzvanRêveberiya xetera pergalî
- Applied inSovereign Capital Nexus
- Dane4 inputs
- Checks3 validation steps
- Canonical pageSTEM Commons
02Serlêdan
What decision analysis under uncertainty does here.
Decision analysis under uncertainty provides structured methods for choosing among options when outcomes are uncertain and objectives conflict. It makes trade-offs and value judgements explicit. In sovereign and public finance and capital markets and investment, decision analysis helps choose actions that perform acceptably across interconnected risks and uncertain futures. It clarifies when to act now and when to keep options open. The canonical description is on the STEM Commons.
Robust fiscal and fund rules
Candidate deposit and withdrawal rules are run across many price and return paths and judged on how often they breach spending, saving or liquidity thresholds.
Mandate trade-offs for boards
Multi-criteria analysis sets out how candidate allocations score against return, liquidity, domestic policy goals and governance risk, with the weights made explicit.
03Çavdêrî bike
Uncertainty analysis.
The screen a team would use to follow this method: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.
Uncertainty analysis
Sovereign capital · Decision analysis for sovereign · Run R-9903
Sensitivity rankedGRA · Sovereign Capital Nexus
Total-order sensitivity
Output distribution
Têketin
| Assets under management | Lognormal | local bn, stated | expert elicitation |
| Liquidity tranche cover | Normal | months of imports, stated | expert elicitation |
| Drawdown in severe scenario | Normal | of fund, stated | expert elicitation |
| Domestic investment share | Normal | of fund, stated | expert elicitation |
04Dane
What the method consumes.
Datasets and records used by decision analysis under uncertainty on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in the source register.
| Dane | Rol | Nîşan |
|---|---|---|
| Scenario sets for prices, climate and demography | Futures against which choices are tested | MODELKIRÎ |
| Catastrophe risk model outputs | Loss distributions by layer | MODELKIRÎ |
| Expert elicitation records | Probabilities where data are thin | TEXMÎNKIRÎ |
| Instrument terms and pricing | Cost of each financing option | Statîstîkên weşandî |
05Scenario model
Sovereign debt paths and the odds of breaching a threshold.
The distribution of debt paths, and the share above a threshold of concern at the horizon, that sovereign investors and rating analysts read from a fan chart. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction.
- Median, 25% to 75% and 10% to 90% bands
- No shocks
Kontrol
- Debt today
- 70% of GDP
- Effective nominal interest rate
- 5.0%
- Nominal GDP growth
- 4.5%
- Primary balance
- −0.5% of GDP
- Volatility of growth
- 2.0 points
- Volatility of the interest rate
- 1.0 points
- Salên pêş
- 10 years
- Threshold of concern
- 90% of GDP
Xwendin
- Median debt at the horizon
- 78% of GDP
- Paths above the threshold at the horizon
- 3%
- Primary balance that stabilises debt
- 0.3% of GDP
Jimar, rêbaz û çavkanî
| Sal | 10% | 25% | Median | 75% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 70.0 | 70.0 | 70.0 | 70.0 | 70.0 |
| 1 | 69.0 | 69.7 | 70.7 | 71.9 | 73.1 |
| 2 | 69.0 | 70.3 | 71.5 | 73.1 | 74.5 |
| 3 | 68.9 | 70.5 | 72.7 | 74.6 | 76.5 |
| 4 | 69.1 | 71.0 | 73.4 | 75.6 | 77.7 |
| 5 | 69.4 | 71.7 | 74.2 | 76.8 | 79.2 |
| 6 | 69.9 | 72.2 | 74.9 | 77.8 | 81.0 |
| 7 | 70.0 | 72.7 | 75.5 | 78.8 | 82.2 |
| 8 | 70.3 | 73.1 | 76.2 | 80.3 | 83.2 |
| 9 | 70.8 | 73.8 | 77.3 | 81.2 | 84.9 |
| 10 | 71.4 | 74.3 | 78.2 | 82.1 | 86.5 |
Rêbaz
- Debt dynamics and the interest-growth differential Blanchard (2019), Public debt and low interest rates, American Economic Review 109
- Stochastic fan charts Celasun, Debrun and Ostry (2006), IMF Staff Papers 53
- Sovereign risk and debt sustainability framework IMF (2022), Staff Guidance Note on the SRDSF
Dane
No observed data enters this model: it runs on the teaching values set by the controls, to be replaced with a programme’s own evidence.
Li seranserê şeş stûnan, bi pêşengiya Nexus Consortium
- Ceribandin Labs
- Hatiye avakirin di Sovereign Capital Nexus in Foundry
- Tê ceribandin li Sovereign Capital Nexus in Universe
- Hatiye kodkirin di Darayî, sîgorta û aborî di Standards de
- Hatiye weşandin di Sovereign Capital Nexus in Reports
- Tê de tê dayîn Fakulteya Darayî û Aborî di Academy de
06Erêkirin
How results are checked.
Analyses are checked through sensitivity analysis, peer review and stakeholder scrutiny. Retrospective review compares decisions with outcomes.
| Kontrol bikin | How it is done |
|---|---|
| Analîza hesasiyetê | Results are recomputed with altered probabilities, weights and costs to show which choices are fragile |
| Performance across scenarios | Choices are judged on how they perform across the whole scenario set, not on a single central case |
| Retrospective review | Past decisions are compared with outcomes to improve elicitation and scenario design |
Results depend on elicited probabilities and preferences that may be biased. Deep uncertainty can make expected value comparisons misleading.
07Exposure, loss and capital
What decision analysis for sovereign choices means for exposure, loss and capital.
The exposure, loss, scenario and capital views a risk officer, supervisor or ministry of finance would ask for, with the frameworks they report against. Structures follow supervisory and actuarial practice. Values are illustrative: never prices, ratings or advice.
Capital, solvency and fiscal indicators
The indicators a risk officer, supervisor or ministry of finance reads first on decision analysis for sovereign choices.
| Indicator | Unit | Who reads it | Framework |
|---|---|---|---|
| Public debt | % of GDP | Ministries of finance, IMF | Debt Sustainability Framework |
| Gross financing needs | % of GDP per year | Ministries of finance, investors | Debt Sustainability Framework |
| Contingent liabilities | % of GDP, by source | Ministries of finance | Fiscal risk statements |
| Interest to revenue | % of revenue | Ministries of finance, rating users | Public finance statistics |
| Sovereign spread | basis points over a benchmark | Investors, debt managers | Market data |
| CET1 ratio | % of risk-weighted assets | Banks, supervisors | Basel framework |
| Liquidity coverage ratio | % of stressed outflows | Banks, central banks | Basel framework |
NGFS climate scenarios · Network for Greening the Financial SystemIFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosures · ISSBTCFD recommendations · Financial Stability Board TCFDPrinciples for the effective management of climate-related financial risks · Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
09Stewardship
Who maintains the method.
Rêveberiya xetera pergalî stewards decision analysis under uncertainty for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.
10Girêdayî
Ev rûpel li ser Konsorsiyûmê te ber bi kû ve dibe.
11Pirs
Pirs û bersiv.
What are the limits of decision analysis under uncertainty in this field?
Results depend on elicited probabilities and preferences that may be biased. Deep uncertainty can make expected value comparisons misleading.
How are results checked?
Analyses are checked through sensitivity analysis, peer review and stakeholder scrutiny. Retrospective review compares decisions with outcomes.
Are the values on this page real?
The data names, roles and checks are real descriptions of practice. The canvas shows a design of the method’s use, not a run; no result is reported here.
Where else is this method applied?
Çavdêrxaneya canonical method page lists every platform that applies it.
rêzeya Pergalên StratejîkTevkarî bike
Ji vê rûpelê delîl bidin.
rêzeya Pergalên Stratejîk is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
Global Risks AllianceSovereign Capital NexusAmadebûna fînans û sîgortayê
- E-nameGateway GW-GRAJi vê rûpelê bişîninDelîl, rastkirin, doz, rêbaz, nirxandin, wergerandin an têketina profîlê. Bi nîşana vê rûpelê digihîje, ji ber vê yekê edîtorê xwediyê wê wê bistîne.
- ZenodoDepoya vekirîWê razînin û ji civakê re bişîninTomara xwe li Zenodo bi ORCID iD ya xwe biweşînin, paşê wê li wir ji civaka Reports re bişînin. Kurator wê vedikolin; DOI ya we dimîne.
- rêzeya Pergalên StratejîkGlobal Risks AllianceHemû rêyên beşdariyê bibîneCureyên beşdariyê, her yek çawa tê nirxandin, tu çi navlêkirinê distînî, lîsans û tiştê ku qet nayê qebûlkirin.
Tu carî daneyên şexsî, hûrgiliyên binesaza hesas an tiştekî ku mafê we yê parvekirinê tune ne neşînin. Beşdarî berî bikaranînê tê nirxandin; şandina wê nivîskarî an mafên edîtorî nade û sponsorî tu carî encamekê nakire.
Sovereign Capital Nexus
Bring an exposure or capital question to the Alliance.
Agahî û pirs îro vekirî ne. Pirsek referansekê distîne û gava piştî wê dide nasîn; serlêdan, drav, veqetandina hesabkirinê û tomarkirin tenê dema ku tîm, mercên wê û kapasîteya vekolînê hebin vedibin.
Hiqûqî
Belgeyên hiqûqî.
Nexşe, dane û jimarên vê malperê ji bo çarçoveyê û agahiyên giştî têne nîşandan. Ew ne şîret, ne pêşbînî û ne hişyarî ne; sînorên agahiyê di Daxuyaniyên Berpirsiyariyê û Daxuyaniyên Daneyê de hatine diyarkirin.