GRA · Ödemeler ve Piyasa Altyapısı

Mekânsal finansSermayenin tehlike, maruziyet ve geçişle buluştuğu yer

Finansal disipline genel bakış

Payments and financial market infrastructure is the part of the financial system that moves money and securities between parties and records who owns what. This page describes the sector, how its risks are managed and why its operational resilience matters, as a matter of research and shared understanding. It describes how the sector works; it does not execute, advise on or test anything.

STEM yöntemleri
6
Bu alanın uyguladığı temel yöntemler
Konular
8
Alandaki konu sayfaları
Muhataplar
5
Ağ genelinde ortak alanlardaki platformlar
Rapor serileri
2
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01The sector

The infrastructures and who runs them.

Ödemeler

Retail and large-value systems

Card schemes, automated clearing houses, instant payment sistemleri and real-time gross settlement systems, operated by central banks and private operators.

Post-trade

Takas ve mutabakat

Central counterparties, central securities depositories and securities settlement systems that complete trades.

Destek

Messaging and data

Financial messaging networks, trade repositories and the technology providers on which all of them rely.

02İzleme

Alana genel bakış.

Bir ekibin bu konuyu izlemek için kullanacağı ekran: ölçütleri, durumları ve kararları. Adlar örnektir ve değerler açıklayıcıdır.

Field overview: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Payments and market infrastructure.Örnek adlar ve örnekleyici değerler; bir tasarımdır, kayıt veya canlı bir sistem değildir.
03Infrastructure map

Types of infrastructure and their critical functions.

AltyapıCritical function
Large-value payment sistemleriSettlement of interbank and central bank payments
Fast and retail payment systemsReal-time payments for households and firms
Merkezi karşı taraflarClearing and default management
Central securities depositories and settlement systemsCustody and settlement of securities
Messaging and card networksInstruction and authorisation flows

Shocks travel between these parts, and Payments and Market Infrastructure studies the links: What fails with a node? The evidence base is PFMI disclosures, site geography, statistics.

04Risk yönetimi

Established principles, evolving practice.

Financial market infrastructures manage credit, liquidity, legal, custody, general business and operational risks. Internationally recognised principles for financial market infrastructures, issued by global standard-setting bodies, set expectations for each, and central banks and supervisors oversee infrastructures against them. Settlement finality, the legal point at which a transfer becomes irrevocable, is central to limiting contagion.

operasyonel risk has become a leading concern. Infrastructures are expected to recover critical operations quickly after disruption, including from cyber attacks that may corrupt data. Meeting such expectations is hard when an attack could spread to backup sistemleri, and when many infrastructures depend on the same providers.

05Where shared understanding helps

Questions no single firm can answer alone.

  1. 01

    Karşılıklı bağımlılık

    How infrastructures, participants and providers depend on each other. See third-party concentration.

  2. 02

    Failure modes

    How outages and cyber incidents unfold across the system. See payment cyber security.

  3. 03

    Fallbacks

    Which alternatives keep money moving in a disruption. See cash and digital resilience.

  4. 04

    Test ediliyor

    How resilience can be tested credibly. See operational test methods.

06Research, not execution

The limits of the platform’s role.

Global Risks Alliance (GRA) is a nonprofit business league for the financial services industry. It does not lend, underwrite, rate, invest, advise on or arrange transactions, introduce counterparties or take transaction-based pay, and readiness work is not approval. GRA does not operate, connect to or test any live payment system, and it assesses no individual institution. How stress moves through and beyond these infrastructures is described at financial-system transmission.

07Kaynaklar

Where this page’s references lead.

Bu sayfanın karşılaştırıldığı kuruluşlar ve belgeler. Durumlar ve sürümler değişir; her bağlantı yayımlayan kuruluşa gider.

08Sayfalar

Pages in Financial discipline overview.

09Sorular

Sorular ve yanıtlar.

Does GRA advise payment system operators?
No. GRA is a nonprofit business league for the financial services industry. It does not lend, underwrite, rate, invest, advise on or arrange transactions, introduce counterparties or take transaction-based pay, and readiness work is not approval.
Which methods does the platform rely on?
Among others, ödeme ve finansal piyasa teknolojisi, network science and contagion and reliability and resilience engineering, listed on the STEM foundation page.
Is this the same as financial stability analysis?
It is part of it. Wider financial stability questions are studied at Finansal İstikrar at GRA.
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Ödemeler ve Piyasa Altyapısı

Bir maruziyet veya sermaye sorusunu İttifak'a getirin.

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