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GRA · المدفوعات والبنية التحتية للأسواق

التمويل المكانيحيث يلتقي رأس المال بالخطر والتعرّض والتحول

نظرة عامة على التخصص المالي

Payments and financial market infrastructure is the part of the financial system that moves money and securities between parties and records who owns what. This page describes the sector, how its risks are managed and why its operational resilience matters, as a matter of research and shared understanding. It describes how the sector works; it does not execute, advise on or test anything.

منهجيات ⁨STEM⁩
6
الأساليب المعيارية التي يطبقها هذا المجال
الموضوعات
8
صفحات الموضوعات في المجال
النظراء
5
المنصات في المجالات المشتركة عبر الشبكة
سلاسل التقارير
2
سلاسل التقارير التي تسهم فيها
01The sector

The infrastructures and who runs them.

المدفوعات

Retail and large-value systems

Card schemes, automated clearing houses, instant payment نظم and real-time gross settlement systems, operated by central banks and private operators.

Post-trade

المقاصة والتسوية

Central counterparties, central securities depositories and securities settlement systems that complete trades.

الدعم

Messaging and data

Financial messaging networks, trade repositories and the technology providers on which all of them rely.

02الرصد

نظرة عامة على المجال.

الشاشة التي قد يستخدمها فريق لمتابعة هذا الموضوع: مقاييسه وحالاته وقراراته. والأسماء أمثلة والقيم توضيحية.

Field overview: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Payments and market infrastructure.أسماء مثالية وقيم توضيحية؛ تصميم وليس سجلًا ولا نظامًا حيًا.
03Infrastructure map

Types of infrastructure and their critical functions.

البنية التحتيةCritical function
Large-value payment نظمSettlement of interbank and central bank payments
Fast and retail payment systemsReal-time payments for households and firms
الأطراف المقابلة المركزيةClearing and default management
Central securities depositories and settlement systemsCustody and settlement of securities
Messaging and card networksInstruction and authorisation flows

Shocks travel between these parts, and Payments and Market Infrastructure studies the links: What fails with a node? The evidence base is PFMI disclosures, site geography, statistics.

04إدارة المخاطر

Established principles, evolving practice.

Financial market infrastructures manage credit, liquidity, legal, custody, general business and operational risks. Internationally recognised principles for financial market infrastructures, issued by global standard-setting bodies, set expectations for each, and central banks and supervisors oversee infrastructures against them. Settlement finality, the legal point at which a transfer becomes irrevocable, is central to limiting contagion.

المخاطر التشغيلية has become a leading concern. Infrastructures are expected to recover critical operations quickly after disruption, including from cyber attacks that may corrupt data. Meeting such expectations is hard when an attack could spread to backup نظم, and when many infrastructures depend on the same providers.

05Where shared understanding helps

Questions no single firm can answer alone.

  1. 01

    الترابط

    How infrastructures, participants and providers depend on each other. See third-party concentration.

  2. 02

    Failure modes

    How outages and cyber incidents unfold across the system. See payment cyber security.

  3. 03

    Fallbacks

    Which alternatives keep money moving in a disruption. See cash and digital resilience.

  4. 04

    قيد الاختبار

    How resilience can be tested credibly. See operational test methods.

06بحث، لا تنفيذ

The limits of the platform’s role.

Global Risks Alliance (GRA) is a nonprofit business league for the financial services industry. It does not lend, underwrite, rate, invest, advise on or arrange transactions, introduce counterparties or take transaction-based pay, and readiness work is not approval. GRA does not operate, connect to or test any live payment system, and it assesses no individual institution. How stress moves through and beyond these infrastructures is described at الانتقال عبر النظام المالي.

07المصادر

Where this page’s references lead.

الهيئات والوثائق التي تُقرأ هذه الصفحة في ضوئها. وتتغير الحالات والإصدارات؛ ويقود كل رابط إلى الهيئة المُصدِرة.

08الصفحات

الصفحات في النظرة العامة على التخصص المالي.

09أسئلة

أسئلة وأجوبة.

Does GRA advise payment system operators?
No. GRA is a nonprofit business league for the financial services industry. It does not lend, underwrite, rate, invest, advise on or arrange transactions, introduce counterparties or take transaction-based pay, and readiness work is not approval.
Which methods does the platform rely on?
Among others, تقنيات المدفوعات والأسواق المالية, network science and contagion and reliability and resilience engineering, listed on the STEM foundation page.
Is this the same as financial stability analysis?
It is part of it. Wider financial stability questions are studied at الاستقرار المالي at GRA.
⁨Reports⁩ساهم

ساهم بأدلة من هذه الصفحة.

⁨Reports⁩ is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

⁨Global Risks Alliance⁩المدفوعات والبنية التحتية للأسواقالنظم الاستراتيجيةالسيناريو واختبار الإجهاد
المدفوعات والبنية التحتية للأسواق

اعرض على التحالف سؤالًا يتعلق بالتعرّض أو رأس المال.

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