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GRA · پرداخت‌ها و زیرساخت بازار

مالی فضاییجایی که سرمایه به مخاطره، مواجهه و گذار برمی‌خورد

مرور انضباط مالی

Payments and financial market infrastructure is the part of the financial system that moves money and securities between parties and records who owns what. This page describes the sector, how its risks are managed and why its operational resilience matters, as a matter of research and shared understanding. It describes how the sector works; it does not execute, advise on or test anything.

روش‌های STEM
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روش‌های مرجعی که این حوزه به کار می‌بندد
موضوع‌ها
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صفحه‌های موضوعی در این حوزه
همتایان
5
سکوها در میدان‌های مشترک در سراسر شبکه
مجموعهٔ گزارش‌ها
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مجموعه‌گزارش‌های Reports که در آن‌ها مشارکت دارد
01The sector

The infrastructures and who runs them.

پرداخت‌ها

Retail and large-value systems

Card schemes, automated clearing houses, instant payment سامانه‌ها and real-time gross settlement systems, operated by central banks and private operators.

Post-trade

پایاپای و تسویه

Central counterparties, central securities depositories and securities settlement systems that complete trades.

پشتیبانی

Messaging and data

Financial messaging networks, trade repositories and the technology providers on which all of them rely.

02پایش

Field overview.

The screen a team would use to follow this subject: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.

Field overview: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Payments and market infrastructure.نام‌ها نمونه و مقادیر تبیینی‌اند؛ طرحی است، نه سابقه یا سامانهٔ زنده.
03Infrastructure map

Types of infrastructure and their critical functions.

زیرساختCritical function
Large-value payment سامانه‌هاSettlement of interbank and central bank payments
Fast and retail payment systemsReal-time payments for households and firms
طرف‌های مقابل مرکزیClearing and default management
Central securities depositories and settlement systemsCustody and settlement of securities
Messaging and card networksInstruction and authorisation flows

Shocks travel between these parts, and Payments and Market Infrastructure studies the links: What fails with a node? The evidence base is PFMI disclosures, site geography, statistics.

04مدیریت ریسک

Established principles, evolving practice.

Financial market infrastructures manage credit, liquidity, legal, custody, general business and operational risks. Internationally recognised principles for financial market infrastructures, issued by global standard-setting bodies, set expectations for each, and central banks and supervisors oversee infrastructures against them. Settlement finality, the legal point at which a transfer becomes irrevocable, is central to limiting contagion.

ریسک عملیاتی has become a leading concern. Infrastructures are expected to recover critical operations quickly after disruption, including from cyber attacks that may corrupt data. Meeting such expectations is hard when an attack could spread to backup سامانه‌ها, and when many infrastructures depend on the same providers.

05Where shared understanding helps

Questions no single firm can answer alone.

  1. 01

    Interdependence

    How infrastructures, participants and providers depend on each other. See third-party concentration.

  2. 02

    Failure modes

    How outages and cyber incidents unfold across the system. See payment cyber security.

  3. 03

    Fallbacks

    Which alternatives keep money moving in a disruption. See cash and digital resilience.

  4. 04

    آزمودن

    How resilience can be tested credibly. See operational test methods.

06Research, not execution

The limits of the platform’s role.

Global Risks Alliance (GRA) is a nonprofit business league for the financial services industry. It does not lend, underwrite, rate, invest, advise on or arrange transactions, introduce counterparties or take transaction-based pay, and readiness work is not approval. GRA does not operate, connect to or test any live payment system, and it assesses no individual institution. How stress moves through and beyond these infrastructures is described at financial-system transmission.

07منابع

Where this page’s references lead.

نهادها و اسنادی که این صفحه بر پایهٔ آن‌ها خوانده می‌شود. وضعیت و ویراست‌ها تغییر می‌کنند؛ هر پیوند به نهاد صادرکننده می‌رود.

08صفحه‌ها

Pages in Financial discipline overview.

09پرسش‌ها

پرسش و پاسخ.

Does GRA advise payment system operators?
No. GRA is a nonprofit business league for the financial services industry. It does not lend, underwrite, rate, invest, advise on or arrange transactions, introduce counterparties or take transaction-based pay, and readiness work is not approval.
Which methods does the platform rely on?
Among others, فناوری پرداخت و بازار مالی, network science and contagion and reliability and resilience engineering, listed on the STEM foundation page.
Is this the same as financial stability analysis?
It is part of it. Wider financial stability questions are studied at ثبات مالی at GRA.
گزارش‌هامشارکت

از این صفحه شواهد مشارکت دهید.

گزارش‌ها is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

⁨Global Risks Alliance⁩پرداخت‌ها و زیرساخت بازارسامانه‌های راهبردیسناریو و آزمون تنش
پرداخت‌ها و زیرساخت بازار

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