Keuangan spasialTempat modal bertemu bahaya, keterpaparan, dan transisi
Economics and development economics for public finance and sovereign debt
Economics explains how fiscal policy, debt, growth and interest rates interact. On this platform it supplies the logic of debt dynamics, the effects of fiscal adjustment and the incentives facing governments, creditors and subnational authorities.
What economics and development economics does here.
Economics and development economics study how societies produce, distribute and consume resources and how living standards change. They estimate the costs of shocks and the trade-offs among policy responses. In sovereign and public finance, development finance and disaster and crisis, economic analysis quantifies indirect losses as shocks spread through supply chains and labour markets. It supports prioritising investment in prevention and recovery. The canonical description is onSTEM Commons.
Debt dynamics
The debt path is decomposed into contributions from the primary balance, interest, growth, exchange rates and other flows, showing what drives changes in debt.
Fiscal multipliers
Estimates of how output responds to spending and tax changes are reviewed to assess how adjustment affects growth and the debt ratio.
Fiscal federalism
The design of transfers and borrowing rules between levels of government is analysed for incentives and risk sharing.
03Pantau
Model ekonometrik.
Layar yang akan digunakan sebuah tim untuk mengikuti metode ini: ukuran, status, dan keputusannya. Nama adalah contoh dan nilai bersifat ilustratif.
Model ekonometrik
Public finance and sovereign debt · Economics and development · Run R-2091
Estimasi stabilGRA · Public Finance and Sovereign Debt
Estimasi
galat standar yang tangguh
Utang publik
0.38
0.10
[−0.5, 0.5]
Tidak
Kebutuhan pembiayaan bruto
0.48
0.18
[−0.2, 0.3]
Tidak
Bunga terhadap pendapatan
0.24
0.17
[−0.4, 0.8]
Ya
Share of FX debt
0.68
0.07
[−0.6, 0.6]
Tidak
Kartu metode
Metode
Ilmu ekonomi dan ekonomi pembangunan
Sampel
929 obs
Desain
panel, efek tetap
Label
DIMODELKAN
Residu per kelompok
Econometric model: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Public finance and sovereign debt.Nama contoh dan nilai ilustratif; sebuah rancangan, bukan catatan atau sistem yang aktif.
04Data
Apa yang digunakan metode ini.
Datasets and records used by economics and development economics on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed inregister sumber.
Data
Peran
Label
Government finance statistics
Fiscal flows
Statistik yang diterbitkan
Neraca nasional
Growth and output
Statistik yang diterbitkan
Debt statistics
Stocks and composition
Statistik yang diterbitkan
05Model skenario
Jalur utang negara dan peluang melampaui ambang.
Distribusi jalur utang, dan porsi di atas ambang kekhawatiran pada cakrawala, yang dibaca investor negara dan analis peringkat dari grafik kipas. Model pengajaran dengan nilai ilustratif yang dinyatakan, bukan prediksi.
Median, pita 25% sampai 75% dan 10% sampai 90%
Tanpa guncangan
Kendali
Utang saat ini
70% PDB
Suku bunga nominal efektif
5.0%
Pertumbuhan PDB nominal
4.5%
Keseimbangan primer
−0,5% PDB
Volatilitas pertumbuhan
2.0 poin
Volatilitas suku bunga
1.0 poin
Tahun ke depan
10 tahun
Ambang kekhawatiran
90% PDB
Pembacaan
Utang median pada cakrawala
79% PDB
Jalur di atas ambang pada cakrawala
4%
Keseimbangan primer yang menstabilkan utang
0,3% PDB
Angka, metode, dan sumber
Tahun
10%
25%
Median
75%
90%
0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
1
68.8
69.7
70.7
71.9
72.8
2
68.7
70.3
71.7
73.1
74.5
3
68.9
70.8
72.6
74.5
76.2
4
69.1
71.4
73.5
75.8
77.9
5
69.5
72.1
74.2
76.9
79.4
6
70.0
72.7
75.3
78.1
80.7
7
70.3
73.0
76.3
79.1
82.1
8
71.0
73.9
77.2
80.3
83.9
9
71.5
74.3
78.0
81.7
85.9
10
71.9
75.2
78.7
83.1
86.8
Metode
Dinamika utang dan selisih bunga-pertumbuhan Blanchard (2019), Public debt and low interest rates, American Economic Review 109
Grafik kipas stokastik Celasun, Debrun and Ostry (2006), IMF Staff Papers 53
Kerangka risiko negara dan keberlanjutan utang IMF (2022), Staff Guidance Note on the SRDSF
Data
No observed data enters this model: it runs on the teaching values set by the controls, to be replaced with a programme’s own evidence.
Lintasan utang negara dan peluang melampaui suatu ambang batas. Model pengajaran ilustratif: model ini berjalan pada nilai yang ditetapkan oleh kontrol, bukan pada data terukur. Metode: dinamika utang dan selisih suku bunga-pertumbuhan (Blanchard (2019), Public debt and low interest rates, American Economic Review 109); bagan kipas stokastik (Celasun, Debrun dan Ostry (2006), IMF Staff Papers 53); kerangka risiko kedaulatan dan keberlanjutan utang (IMF (2022), Staff Guidance Note on the SRDSF).
Di seluruh enam pilar, dipimpin oleh Nexus Consortium
Models are assessed against historical episodes and out-of-sample data. Parameter estimates are compared across studies and identification strategies.
Pemeriksaan
Cara pelaksanaannya
Accounting identity check
Debt decompositions reconcile with reported stocks
Assumption realism
Projections are compared with history and peers
Policy context
Results state the policy setting assumed
Equilibrium models may understate disruption and nonlinear cascades. Informal economies and non-market losses are poorly measured.
07Eksposur, kerugian, dan modal
What it means for exposure, loss and capital.
Tampilan eksposur, kerugian, skenario, dan modal yang akan diminta oleh pejabat risiko, otoritas pengawas, atau kementerian keuangan, beserta kerangka pelaporan yang mereka gunakan. Strukturnya mengikuti praktik pengawasan dan aktuaria. Nilai bersifat ilustratif: tidak pernah merupakan harga, peringkat, atau saran.
Indikator modal, solvabilitas, dan fiskal
The indicators a risk officer, supervisor or ministry of finance reads first on economics and development economics for public finance and sovereign debt.
Indikator
Unit
Siapa yang membaca
Kerangka
Utang publik
% PDB
Kementerian keuangan, IMF
Kerangka Keberlanjutan Utang
Kebutuhan pembiayaan bruto
% PDB per tahun
Kementerian keuangan, investor
Kerangka Keberlanjutan Utang
Kewajiban kontinjensi
% PDB, menurut sumber
Kementerian keuangan
Pernyataan risiko fiskal
Bunga terhadap pendapatan
% pendapatan
Kementerian keuangan, pengguna peringkat
Statistik keuangan publik
Selisih imbal hasil negara
basis poin di atas acuan
Investor, pengelola utang
Data pasar
Rasio CET1
% aset tertimbang menurut risiko
Bank, otoritas pengawas
Kerangka Basel
Rasio kecukupan likuiditas
% arus keluar dalam tekanan
Bank, bank sentral
Kerangka Basel
Source: the frameworks named in each row. Indicator names, units and frameworks only; values belong to each institution’s own reporting and are never shown here.
Skenario iklim NGFS · Network for Greening the Financial SystemIFRS S2 Pengungkapan terkait Iklim · ISSBRekomendasi TCFD · Financial Stability Board TCFDPrinsip-prinsip pengelolaan efektif risiko keuangan terkait iklim · Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
What are the limits of economics and development economics in this field?
Equilibrium models may understate disruption and nonlinear cascades. Informal economies and non-market losses are poorly measured.
Bagaimana hasil diperiksa?
Models are assessed against historical episodes and out-of-sample data. Parameter estimates are compared across studies and identification strategies.
Apakah nilai di halaman ini nyata?
The data names, roles and checks are real descriptions of practice. The canvas shows a design of the method’s use, not a run; no result is reported here.
Laporanis the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
Global Risks AllianceKeuangan Publik dan Utang NegaraKesiapan Pembiayaan dan AsuransiRisiko dan Ketahanan Sistem Negara
Jangan pernah mengirim data pribadi, rincian infrastruktur sensitif, atau apa pun yang tidak berhak Anda bagikan. Kontribusi ditinjau sebelum digunakan. Mengirimkannya tidak memberikan hak kepenulisan atau editorial, dan sponsor tidak pernah membeli sebuah temuan.
Keuangan Publik dan Utang Negara
Ajukan pertanyaan eksposur atau modal kepada Aliansi.
Informasi dan pertanyaan sudah terbuka hari ini. Sebuah pertanyaan menerima nomor referensi dan menyebutkan langkah berikutnya; lamaran, pembayaran, alokasi komputasi, dan pendaftaran hanya dibuka ketika tim, ketentuan, dan kapasitas tinjauannya tersedia.
Peta, data, dan gambar di situs ini ditampilkan untuk konteks dan informasi umum. Semua itu bukan nasihat, prakiraan, atau peringatan; batasan informasinya dijelaskan dalam Penafian dan Pemberitahuan Data.
Editors and the expert reviewers named on each article decide what we publish. Funders and partners do not review or approve articles before publication.
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