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GRA · 公共财政与主权债务

空间金融资本与危害、风险暴露和转型的交汇之处

面向公共财政与主权债务的经济学与发展经济学

Economics explains how fiscal policy, debt, growth and interest rates interact. On this platform it supplies the logic of debt dynamics, the effects of fiscal adjustment and the incentives facing governments, creditors and subnational authorities.

02申请

What economics and development economics does here.

Economics and development economics study how societies produce, distribute and consume resources and how living standards change. They estimate the costs of shocks and the trade-offs among policy responses. In sovereign and public finance, development finance and disaster and crisis, economic analysis quantifies indirect losses as shocks spread through supply chains and labour markets. It supports prioritising investment in prevention and recovery. The canonical description is on STEM Commons.

Debt dynamics

The debt path is decomposed into contributions from the primary balance, interest, growth, exchange rates and other flows, showing what drives changes in debt.

Fiscal multipliers

Estimates of how output responds to spending and tax changes are reviewed to assess how adjustment affects growth and the debt ratio.

Fiscal federalism

The design of transfers and borrowing rules between levels of government is analysed for incentives and risk sharing.

03监测

计量经济模型。

团队遵循该方法时会使用的界面:其指标、状态与决策。名称为示例,数值仅作示意。

计量经济模型

Public finance and sovereign debt · Economics and development · Run R-2091

估计值稳定GRA · 公共财政与主权债务

估计值

稳健标准误

公共债务0.380.10[−0.5, 0.5]否
总融资需求0.480.18[−0.2, 0.3]否
利息占收入的比重0.240.17[−0.4, 0.8]是
Share of FX debt0.680.07[−0.6, 0.6]否

方法卡

方法
经济学与发展经济学
样本
929 obs
设计
面板,固定效应
标签
模型估算

按组别的残差

Econometric model: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Public finance and sovereign debt.示例名称和示意数值;是设计方案,并非记录或实时系统。
04数据

该方法使用的输入。

Datasets and records used by economics and development economics on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in 来源登记册.

数据角色标签
Government finance statisticsFiscal flows已发布统计
国民账户Growth and output已发布统计
Debt statisticsStocks and composition已发布统计
05情景模型

主权债务路径与突破阈值的可能性。

债务路径的分布,以及期末超过关注阈值的份额,是主权投资者和评级分析师从扇形图中读取的内容。这是带有明示示意数值的教学模型,不是预测。

  • 中位数、25% 至 75% 区间和 10% 至 90% 区间
  • 无冲击

控制措施

当前债务
占 GDP 的 70%
有效名义利率
5.0%
名义 GDP 增长
4.5%
基本余额
占 GDP 的 −0.5%
增长的波动性
2.0 个点
利率的波动性
1.0 个点
未来年数
10 年
关注阈值
占 GDP 的 90%

读数

时间跨度末的债务中位数
占 GDP 的 79%
期末高于阈值的路径
4%
稳定债务的基本余额
占 GDP 的 0.3%
数字、方法与来源
年份10%25%中位数75%90%
070.070.070.070.070.0
168.869.770.771.972.8
268.770.371.773.174.5
368.970.872.674.576.2
469.171.473.575.877.9
569.572.174.276.979.4
670.072.775.378.180.7
770.373.076.379.182.1
871.073.977.280.383.9
971.574.378.081.785.9
1071.975.278.783.186.8

方法

  1. 债务动态与利率增长差 Blanchard(2019),《公共债务与低利率》,American Economic Review 109
  2. 随机扇形图 Celasun、Debrun 和 Ostry(2006),IMF Staff Papers 53
  3. 主权风险与债务可持续性框架 IMF (2022), Staff Guidance Note on the SRDSF

数据

No observed data enters this model: it runs on the teaching values set by the controls, to be replaced with a programme’s own evidence.

主权债务路径及突破阈值的概率。示意性教学模型:它依据控件设定的数值运行,而不是实测数据。方法:债务动态与利率与增长率之差(Blanchard(2019),Public debt and low interest rates,American Economic Review 109);随机扇形图(Celasun、Debrun 和 Ostry(2006),IMF Staff Papers 53);主权风险与债务可持续性框架(IMF(2022),Staff Guidance Note on the SRDSF)。
06验证

结果如何核查。

Models are assessed against historical episodes and out-of-sample data. Parameter estimates are compared across studies and identification strategies.

核查如何开展
Accounting identity checkDebt decompositions reconcile with reported stocks
Assumption realismProjections are compared with history and peers
Policy contextResults state the policy setting assumed

Equilibrium models may understate disruption and nonlinear cascades. Informal economies and non-market losses are poorly measured.

07风险暴露、损失与资本

What it means for exposure, loss and capital.

风险官、监管者或财政部会要求的风险暴露、损失、情景和资本视图,以及它们据以报告的框架。结构遵循监管和精算实务。数值为说明性:绝非价格、评级或建议。

资本、偿付能力和财政指标

The indicators a risk officer, supervisor or ministry of finance reads first on economics and development economics for public finance and sovereign debt.

指标单位谁来阅读框架
公共债务占 GDP 的 %财政部、IMF债务可持续性框架
总融资需求每年占 GDP 的 %财政部、投资者债务可持续性框架
或有负债占 GDP 的 %,按来源划分财政部门财政风险声明
利息占收入的比重占收入的百分比财政部、评级使用方公共财政统计
主权利差高于基准的基点投资者、债务管理者市场数据
CET1 比率占风险加权资产的百分比银行、监管机构巴塞尔框架
流动性覆盖率压力流出的 %银行、中央银行巴塞尔框架
Source: the frameworks named in each row. Indicator names, units and frameworks only; values belong to each institution’s own reporting and are never shown here.
NGFS 气候情景 · 央行与监管机构绿色金融网络IFRS S2 气候相关披露 · ISSBTCFD 建议 · 金融稳定理事会 TCFD有效管理气候相关金融风险的原则 · 巴塞尔银行监管委员会
09管理责任

由谁维护该方法。

经济发展 stewards economics and development economics for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.

10已关联

本页在整个联合体中通向何处。

11问题

问题与解答。

What are the limits of economics and development economics in this field?
Equilibrium models may understate disruption and nonlinear cascades. Informal economies and non-market losses are poorly measured.
结果如何核查?
Models are assessed against historical episodes and out-of-sample data. Parameter estimates are compared across studies and identification strategies.
本页面上的数值是真实的吗?
The data names, roles and checks are real descriptions of practice. The canvas shows a design of the method’s use, not a run; no result is reported here.
该方法还应用于何处?
维持社会运转的各个 规范方法页面 列出应用该方法的每个平台。
报告贡献

从本页贡献证据。

报告 is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

全球风险联盟(Global Risks Alliance)公共财政与主权债务金融与保险准备度国家系统风险与韧性
公共财政与主权债务

向联盟提出风险暴露或资本问题。

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