GRA · Public Finance and Sovereign Debt

Spatial financeWhere capital meets hazard, exposure and transition

Darayiya giştî û deynê serwerî

Q: Ez çawa dikarim beşdar bibim?

Start with the participation paths or write to the contact form. An enquiry receives a reference; it does not create membership, a role or an assignment.

Q: Encam li ku têne weşandin?

Reviewed outputs appear on the publications page , and contributions to the Reports series are listed on Publish in Reports.

Q: Kîjan nirxên vê platformê rastîn in?

Indicator names, units, sources, methods and frameworks are real. Levels in figures and canvases are examples in a design. A programme replaces them with labelled evidence it owns.

Q: Ez çawa çewtiyekê rapor bikim?

Use corrections and concerns , or write to the integrity concern form. A correction is recorded as a new version, never a silent edit.

Fiscal risk, sovereign debt and public balance sheet resilience, distinct from sovereign wealth investing. Public Finance and Sovereign Debt is an established platform of The Global Risks Alliance.

Open Industry scope and publisher Derbarê GRA

Rêbazên STEM: 4; Rêbazên kanonîk ên ku ev qad bi kar tîne
Mijar: 8; Rûpelên mijaran di vî warî de
Hevtayên: 6; Platformên di qadên hevpar de li seranserê torê
Rêzeya raportan: 2; Rêzeyên Reports ku tevkarî dike

01Qeyd

21 pages under Public Finance and Sovereign Debt.

Darayiya giştî û deynê serwerî

01Rêbazên STEM4 canonical methods applied
02Mijar8 rûpelên mijarê
03Hevtayên6 platforms in shared fields
04Rêzeya raportan2 rêzeyên Reports
05Industry scopeIndustry scope and publisher
06Financial disciplineFinancial discipline overview
07Professional researchProfessional research
08Technology emergingTechnology and emerging practices

02Çarçove

Ya ku xebat li hember wê tê xwendin.

Platform standardan diyar nake. Delîlên xwe li hember çarçoveyên ku saziyên jêhatî pejirandine dixwîne, da ku encamek li cihê ku biryardêrek jixwe tê de dixebite bê danîn.

Çarçove an standard	Laş	Ya ku diyar dike
Debt Sustainability Framework for Low-Income Countries	International Monetary Fund and World Bank	Joint assessment of external and public debt distress risk for countries eligible for concessional finance
Sovereign Risk and Debt Sustainability Framework for market access countries	Fona Diravî ya Navneteweyî	Assessment of sovereign stress risk and debt sustainability over near, medium and long horizons
Çarçoveya Hevpar ji bo Dermankirina Deynan ji derveyî DSSI	G20 with the Paris Club	A process for coordinated debt treatment for eligible low-income countries involving bilateral, multilateral and private creditors
Global Sovereign Debt Roundtable restructuring playbook	IMF, World Bank and G20 presidency co-chairs	A non-binding summary of steps, concepts and processes in recent sovereign restructurings
Fiscal Transparency Code	Fona Diravî ya Navneteweyî	Standards for fiscal reporting, forecasting and budgeting, fiscal risk analysis and resource revenue management
Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) framework	PEFA partners, secretariat hosted by the World Bank	Indicators for assessing public financial management performance
International Public Sector Accounting Standards	International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB)	Accrual accounting standards for governments and public sector entities
Principles on Promoting Responsible Sovereign Lending and Borrowing	United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)	Shared responsibilities of lenders and borrowers for sustainable sovereign finance
Government Finance Statistics Manual and Public Sector Debt Statistics Guide	International Monetary Fund with partner organisations	Statistical standards for compiling and reporting government finance and public debt

03Çavdêrî bike

Debt sustainability console.

Ekrana ku tîmek ji bo şopandina vî warî bikar bîne: pîvan, rewş û biryarên wê. Nav nimûne ne û nirx ronîker in.

Debt sustainability console: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Sovereign C.Nav û nirxên nimûneyî; sêwiran e, ne qeyd an pergaleke zindî ye.

04Mijar

Pirsên ku ev war li ser dixebite.

Mijar

Sovereign debt sustainability

Debt structure, servicing and shock sensitivity.

Mijar

Fiscal contingent liabilities

Guarantees, disasters and public exposure.

Mijar

Subnational fiscal risk

Local and provincial budget shocks.

Mijar

Commodity and revenue risk

Resources, pricing and fiscal dependence.

Mijar

Climate and disaster fiscal risk

Physical risks and state finance.

Mijar

Debt transparency and data

Quality, limitations and comparability.

05Scenario model

Sovereign debt paths and the odds of breaching a threshold.

The distribution of debt paths, and the share above a threshold of concern at the horizon, that sovereign investors and rating analysts read from a fan chart. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction.

Median, 25% to 75% and 10% to 90% bands
No shocks

Kontrol

Debt today: 70% of GDP
Effective nominal interest rate: 5.0%
Nominal GDP growth: 4.5%
Primary balance: −0.5% of GDP
Volatility of growth: 2.0 points
Volatility of the interest rate: 1.0 points
Salên pêş: 10 years
Threshold of concern: 90% of GDP

Xwendin

Median debt at the horizon: 79% of GDP
Paths above the threshold at the horizon: 4%
Primary balance that stabilises debt: 0.3% of GDP

Jimar, rêbaz û çavkanî

Sal	10%	25%	Median	75%	90%
0	70.0	70.0	70.0	70.0	70.0
1	69.0	69.9	70.8	72.0	73.0
2	68.9	70.4	72.0	73.5	74.9
3	69.0	71.0	72.9	74.9	76.3
4	69.6	71.5	73.8	75.7	77.6
5	69.5	72.1	74.6	76.9	79.2
6	70.1	72.5	75.5	78.2	80.7
7	70.8	73.3	76.5	79.5	82.3
8	71.3	74.0	77.2	80.8	84.2
9	71.3	74.4	78.2	81.7	85.3
10	71.9	75.2	78.7	82.8	86.4

Rêbaz

Debt dynamics and the interest-growth differential Blanchard (2019), Public debt and low interest rates, American Economic Review 109
Stochastic fan charts Celasun, Debrun and Ostry (2006), IMF Staff Papers 53
Sovereign risk and debt sustainability framework IMF (2022), Staff Guidance Note on the SRDSF

Dane

No observed data enters this model: it runs on the teaching values set by the controls, to be replaced with a programme’s own evidence.

Sovereign debt paths and the odds of breaching a threshold. Illustrative teaching model: it runs on the values set by the controls, not on measured data. Methods: Debt dynamics and the interest-growth differential (Blanchard (2019), Public debt and low interest rates, American Economic Review 109); Stochastic fan charts (Celasun, Debrun and Ostry (2006), IMF Staff Papers 53); Sovereign risk and debt sustainability framework (IMF (2022), Staff Guidance Note on the SRDSF).

Li seranserê şeş stûnan, bi pêşengiya Nexus Consortium

Ceribandin Labs
Hatiye avakirin di Public Finance and Sovereign Debt in Foundry
Tê ceribandin li Public Finance and Sovereign Debt in Universe
Hatiye kodkirin di Darayî, sîgorta û aborî di Standards de
Hatiye weşandin di Public Finance and Sovereign Debt in Reports
Tê de tê dayîn Fakulteya Darayî û Aborî di Academy de

06Vegirtin

The areas of sovereign and public finance this platform takes on.

Public Finance and Sovereign Debt studies how governments raise, spend and borrow, and how fiscal risk becomes debt distress: debt sustainability, contingent liabilities from guarantees and state enterprises, subnational finances, commodity-dependent revenue, public investment, social and health spending, climate and disaster costs, and the transparency of debt data. Its pages set out the mechanisms, frameworks, data and decision holders, with every source labelled. Global Risks Alliance shares industry understanding and does not assess, rate or advise any government or creditor.

Qada erdnigarî

Berdewamiya deyn

Whether a government can meet its debt obligations without unrealistic adjustment, and the frameworks used to assess it.

Qada erdnigarî

Contingent liabilities

Guarantees, state-owned enterprises, public-private partnerships and financial sector support that can become public debt.

Qada erdnigarî

Subnational fiscal risk

Borrowing and spending by regions, provinces and cities, and the rules and bailout expectations that govern them.

Qada erdnigarî

Commodity and revenue risk

Dependence on volatile revenue from oil, gas, minerals or narrow tax bases, and fiscal rules that manage it.

Qada erdnigarî

Public investment efficiency

How well public investment turns money into assets and services, and the institutions that shape it.

Qada erdnigarî

Social and health expenditure

Spending on health, education and social protection, its fiscal pressures and its protection in adjustment.

Qada erdnigarî

Climate and disaster fiscal risk

How physical climate risk, disasters and the transition affect revenue, spending and debt.

Qada erdnigarî

Debt transparency and data

Coverage, timeliness and disclosure of public debt data, including collateralised and hidden debt.

07Simulatorê cêwî û kaskade

Trace a shock in Public Finance and Sovereign Debt to the balance sheet.

Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile Fînansa xetera karesat û avhewayê: the shocks it names, the pergalan and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Pick an initiating shock and step through the cascade to see which exposures it reaches and where losses could concentrate. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every weight is a stated assumption. An exercise, not a forecast, a valuation, a rating or investment advice. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.

Metirsî

Tropical cyclone
Erdhej
Ice-jam flood
Storm surge (set off downstream)
Intense rainfall (set off downstream)
River flood (set off downstream)
Flash flood (set off downstream)
Dangerous surf (set off downstream)
Qutbûna berfireh a elektrîkê (li aliyê jêr çê dibe)
Koçberiya girseyî (li aliyê jêr çê dibe)
Coastal flood (set off downstream)
Aftershock sequence (set off downstream)
Fault surface rupture (set off downstream)
Soil liquefaction (set off downstream)
Slope slide (set off downstream)
Rockfall (set off downstream)
Tsunami (set off downstream)
Building collapse (set off downstream)

Pergal û girêdan

Fînansa xetera karesat û avhewayê
Hişyariya zû û çalakiya pêşdestî Mekanîzma
Kêmkirina xetera karesatan Bertek
Financial stability and prudential risk Kaskade
Standardên metirsiyên hîdrometeorolojîk Mekanîzma

Kontrol

NS-0 Destûr û prensîb
NS-3 UNIyên tomara xetereyê (rêzimanî, nexşeya veguhastina ji pergala kevin, desthilata veqetandinê)
NS-9 UNI yên çarçoveyî (belavkirin, mînak, mînakên bernameyê)
NS-10 Policies and clauses (machine-readable obligations: definition, binding, evaluation and enforcement)
NS-11 Piştrastkirin û çavdêrî (delîl, erêkirin, çavdêriya lihevhatina zero-trust)
NS-14 Lihevhatin û nexşeya li standardên derveyî
NRS-F8 Veguhastina xeterê ya parametrîk û li ser bingeha îndeksê
NRS-F7 Darayiya xetera karesatan û darayiya pêşwext amadekirî
NRS-H113 Malbata metirsiyê: Nazikiya pergala darayî (NHS-1 soc.financial-system)
NRS-H114 Malbata metirsiyê: Şokên makroaborî û darayiya giştî (NHS-1 soc.macro-fiscal)
NRS-D1 Pêşketina li gorî xeterê û sehkirina projeyan
NRS-H28 Malbata metirsiyê: Guherînên rewşa avhewayê (NHS-1 eco.climate-state)

Çavdêrî

ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Data Store) (listed for reference)
CHIRPS quasi-global gridded precipitation (listed for reference)
USGS earthquake GeoJSON summary feeds (listed for reference)
Total public international support for national disaster risk reduction actions (Sendai indicator F-1)
Direct economic loss attributed to disasters in relation to global GDP

Erdnîgariya mînakê

Western Europe: 152 hexagonal cells
Rêjeya barînê, nîv saeta dawî (IMERG), NASA GIBS
Ronahiyên şevê îşev, qutbûn (VIIRS Day/Night Band), NASA GIBS
Ava rûyê erdê di nav ewr re, 30 m (radara OPERA DSWx-S1), NASA GIBS
Surface soil moisture (SMAP), NASA GIBS

08Dîmenek giştî

What Public Finance and Sovereign Debt does.

Public finance and sovereign debt is the study of how governments raise, spend and borrow and how fiscal risk becomes debt distress. Global Risks Alliance’s platform explains debt sustainability, contingent liabilities, subnational and revenue risk, investment, social spending, climate costs and debt transparency. It does not assess or rate any sovereign.

Xizmeta kê dike

Civaka wê

Public finance analysts; sovereign risk researchers; debt and fiscal specialists.

Çawa dixebite

Rêbazên wê

Fiscal stress analysis; debt sustainability concepts; contingent liabilities.

What it produces

Derketinên wê

Sovereign risk briefs; public-finance readiness methods.

09Exposure, loss and capital

What Public Finance and Sovereign Debt means for exposure, loss and capital.

The exposure, loss, scenario and capital views a risk officer, supervisor or ministry of finance would ask for, with the frameworks they report against. Structures follow supervisory and actuarial practice. Values are illustrative: never prices, ratings or advice.

Capital, solvency and fiscal indicators

The indicators a risk officer, supervisor or ministry of finance reads first on Public Finance and Sovereign Debt.

Indicator	Unit	Who reads it	Framework
Public debt	% of GDP	Ministries of finance, IMF	Debt Sustainability Framework
Gross financing needs	% of GDP per year	Ministries of finance, investors	Debt Sustainability Framework
Contingent liabilities	% of GDP, by source	Ministries of finance	Fiscal risk statements
Interest to revenue	% of revenue	Ministries of finance, rating users	Public finance statistics
Sovereign spread	basis points over a benchmark	Investors, debt managers	Market data
CET1 ratio	% of risk-weighted assets	Banks, supervisors	Basel framework
Liquidity coverage ratio	% of stressed outflows	Banks, central banks	Basel framework

Source: the frameworks named in each row. Indicator names, units and frameworks only; values belong to each institution’s own reporting and are never shown here.

Financing instruments by layer

How retention and transfer instruments could share losses from Public Finance and Sovereign Debt, from frequent to extreme.

Qat	Who holds the risk	Speed of funds	Main limit
Retention and reserves	Budget, contingency funds	Immediate	Size of the budget
Contingent credit	Development banks, ministries of finance	Days to weeks	Debt capacity
Parametric cover and risk pools	Regional pools, insurers	Days, on a trigger	Basis risk
Reinsurance and catastrophe bonds	Reinsurers, capital markets investors	Weeks to months	Cost of capital
Residual loss	Households, firms, humanitarian funding	Uncertain	Unfunded

Risk layering as described in disaster risk finance practice; instruments are illustrative of the structure, not offers, prices or advice.

NGFS climate scenarios · Network for Greening the Financial SystemIFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosures · ISSBTCFD recommendations · Financial Stability Board TCFDPrinciples for the effective management of climate-related financial risks · Basel Committee on Banking Supervision

10Pirsgirêk

Public balance sheets absorb the shocks others cannot.

When disasters strike, pandemics spread, banks fail or commodity prices collapse, governments are the insurer of last resort. They fund relief and reconstruction, support incomes, recapitalise institutions and maintain essential services. Their capacity to do this depends on the strength of the public balance sheet: the level and structure of debt, the stability of revenues, the reserves available and the credibility of fiscal institutions.

Sovereign debt is sustainable when a government can meet its obligations without an unrealistically large adjustment. That depends on the interest rate on debt relative to economic growth, the primary budget balance, the currency and maturity of borrowing, and who holds the debt. Shocks to any of these can tip a sustainable position into distress. Debt in foreign currency becomes heavier when the exchange rate falls; short maturities expose governments to sudden rises in borrowing costs; and hidden or contingent liabilities can crystallise without warning.

Fiscal distress cascades. Banks holding government bonds lose capital, credit to firms tightens, public investment and social spending are cut, and growth slows, worsening the debt position further. Defaults and restructurings are long and costly for debtors, creditors and citizens. Shared understanding of these channels serves the whole financial system, which holds, prices and depends on sovereign debt.

11Spatial finance

Hazard geography and debt that can pause.

Hazard geography by country beside a debt clause that pauses payments after a disaster. Design index, not a rating.

Countries by their exposure to coasts, cyclones and earthquakes, beside a debt clause that pauses payments after a disaster.Geometric design index, not a rating; a reference bond, not any issuer’s terms.

12Platform çi dike

Shared understanding, not lending or advice.

Public Finance and Sovereign Debt is designed for public finance analysts, sovereign risk researchers and debt and fiscal specialists.

Briefs

Sovereign risk briefs

Sector-level analysis of fiscal stress, debt structure and the shocks that reach public budgets, with uncertainty stated.

Rêbaz

Public-finance readiness methods

Ways to organise fiscal and contingent liability evidence so a competent institution can review it independently.

Concepts

Debt sustainability concepts

Explanations of how sustainability is assessed, what the frameworks measure and where they fall short.

GRA does not lend, underwrite, rate, invest, advise on or arrange transactions, including sovereign borrowing or debt restructuring, and it introduces no counterparties. Readiness work is not approval. GRA’s programmes are designed around competition-law safeguards that keep cooperation precompetitive, set out in a written competition policy.

13Bingeh û hevtayên wan

Methods from the STEM Commons, partners across the Consortium.

The platform applies economics and development economics, econometrics, scenario design and stress testing and decision analysis under uncertainty, each described with its assumptions on the STEM foundation of Public Finance and Sovereign Debt. Inside Foundry it works with the NXS-DSS (decision cases and deliberation) and The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX) pergalan, and its work is designed for the Finance and Insurance Readiness and Country Systems Risk and Resilience report series. Fiscal shock and contingent liabilities is its planned theme in the annual Universe programme.

Economic and hazard science comes from The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), including Economic Development at The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), Climate and Hazards at The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) and Disaster Resilience and Recovery at The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI). At the Global Risks Forum (GRF), Capital Nexus at the Global Risks Forum (GRF) convenes leaders on capital for shared risks and Disaster and Crisis Governance at the Global Risks Forum (GRF) convenes crisis governance. Within GRA, Sovereign Capital Nexus covers the investor side of the sovereign balance sheet and Disaster Risk Finance covers instruments for disaster costs. All counterparts are listed on counterparts across the Consortium.

14Bingehîn

Li ser zanist, teknolojî, endezyarî û matematîka bi nav hatiye avakirin.

Every claim on Public Finance and Sovereign Debt rests on methods with a canonical page in the STEM Commons, so readers can see what a finding depends on and where its limits lie.

Aborînasî û aborînasiya pêşketinêEkonometrîSêwirandina senaryoyan û ceribandina bin zextêAnalîza biryarê di bin nediyarî de

See the STEM foundation of Public Finance and Sovereign Debt

15Çerx

Kar di vî warî de çawa dimeşe.

Pirsek dibe delîl, avakirineke birêvebirî, civakeke organîzekirî, ceribandineke kontrolkirî, weşaneke nirxandî û di dawiyê de biryarek ku desthilata jêhatî li gorî qaîdeyên xwe digire.

Pirs Universe National, regional or institutional priority. Question in Public Finance and Sovereign Debt
Delîl Foundry STEM foundation of the platform. Evidence in Public Finance and Sovereign Debt
Ava bike Foundry Foundry. Build in Public Finance and Sovereign Debt
Organîze bike Universe Ekosîstema Nexus. Organise in Public Finance and Sovereign Debt
Ceribandin Universe Universe (independent site). Test in Public Finance and Sovereign Debt
Biweşîne rêzeya Pergalên Stratejîk Reports. Publish in Public Finance and Sovereign Debt
Biryar bide Desthilata jêhatî Desthilat û sazîyên jêhatî, bi riya NXS-RLS (beşdar, lihevkirin û radestkirin). Decide in Public Finance and Sovereign Debt
Nû bike Universe Corrections and the next annual agenda. Renew in Public Finance and Sovereign Debt

Her gava çerxê di stûna ku tê de dimeşe; biryar li ba rayedara jêhatî dimîne, li derveyî bernameyê.

16Şeş stûn

Ev di nav şeş stûnan de çawa dixebite.

Public Finance and Sovereign Debt works through six pillars of one annual programme, led by the Nexus Consortium, with GCRI, GRF and GRA each contributing in its role: explore, experiment and prototype in Labs, build, simulate and prepare in Foundry, convene and test in Universe, codify, correct and apply in Nexus Standards, publish in every format in Reports, teach in the open in Risk Academy.

Stûnan hilbijêre · li xetan bigere18 / 18 radestkirin

Rê

Tevahiya bernameyê

Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year’s feedback loops.

L · F · U · S · R · A

Stûn: 6 ji 6
Radestkirin: 18 ji 18
Çerx: 17 girtî

Radestkirinên di xebatê de

F01Universe → Foundry · Mîsyona pejirandî dibe projeya çerxê bi doza biryarê reAmadekirina amadebûnê
F02Foundry → Universe · Core Build Report û delîlên çûn an neçûnêAvakirina kontrolkirî
F03Foundry → Reports · Çavdêrî û rêzeyên nîşanderan ên morkirî li pişt profîlekêGirtina projeyê
F04Universe → Reports · Encamên piştî çalakiyê û senaryoyê ji bo beşên 10 û 13Vekolîna piştî çalakiyê

û 14 yên din

F01 heta F14 radestkirinên tomarkirî yên salê bernameyê ne, her yek bi hunera ku diguhere û qonaxa wê; R1, R2, R3 û R4 kar li dora xelekê digerînin. Xelek tê jimartin dema ku her stûnek li ser wê were hilbijartin. Her stûn ji hêla Nexus Consortium ve tê birêvebirin.

LabsCihê ku pirs dibin ceribandin û prototîp: rêbaz, dane û amûrên nû bi vekirî têne ceribandin, bi sînorên wan di qeydê de, berî ku Foundry wan ava bike, di bin Nexus Consortium de.Labs
FoundryWhere exposure and scenario evidence is built so supervisors, insurers and investors can read it.Public Finance and Sovereign Debt in Foundry Foundry
UniverseWhere scenarios are tested in controlled exercises, and finance-readiness dialogues read what they mean for capital and cover.Public Finance and Sovereign Debt in Universe universe.nexus
Nexus StandardsWhere disclosure and data rules are codified so risk evidence is comparable for finance and insurance.Darayî, sîgorta û aborî di Standards de nexustandards.com
rêzeya Pergalên StratejîkWhere sector analysis and the finance and insurance readiness series are published, with exposure and limits stated.Public Finance and Sovereign Debt in Reports rêzeya Pergalên Stratejîk
Risk AcademyWhere finance, insurance and public-finance professionals learn to read risk evidence, on Risk Academy.Fakulteya Darayî û Aborî di Academy de risksacademy.com

17Konsorsiyûm

Heman qad, bi sê awayan hatiye dîtin.

GCRI studies a field as science, GRF governs it and GRA builds shared financial understanding of it. Public Finance and Sovereign Debt links to its counterparts so that work on one side is visible on the others.

19Girêdayî

Ev rûpel li ser Konsorsiyûmê te ber bi kû ve dibe.

20Pirs

Pirs û bersiv.

Who publishes Public Finance and Sovereign Debt?

The Global Risks Alliance (GRA) publishes Public Finance and Sovereign Debt and is responsible for what it publishes. GRA is a nonprofit business league for the financial services industry. It does not lend, underwrite, rate, invest, advise on or arrange transactions, and readiness work is not approval.

Is Public Finance and Sovereign Debt active?

Public Finance and Sovereign Debt is an established platform of The Global Risks Alliance. Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.

Ez çawa dikarim beşdar bibim?

Bi rêyên beşdarbûnê dest pê bikin an li formê têkiliyê binivîsin. Pirsek referansekê distîne; endamtî, rol an peywir çênake.

Encam li ku têne weşandin?

Encamên vekolandî li rûpela weşananxuya dikin, û tevkariyên rêzeya Reports di Biweşîne di Reports de têne tomarkirin.

Kîjan nirxên vê platformê rastîn in?

Navên nîşanderan, yekeyên pîvanê, çavkanî, rêbaz û çarçove rastîn in. Asta di wêne û canvasan de mînak in di sêwiranekê de. Bername wan bi delîlên bi etîket yên ku xwedî ye diguherîne.

Ez çawa çewtiyekê rapor bikim?

Bikaranîn Rastkirin û fikaranbi kar bînin, an li formê fikara rastdariyê binivîsin. Rastkirin wekî guhertoyeke nû tê tomarkirin, tu carî wekî guherîneke bêdeng.

How is this platform different from Sovereign Capital Nexus?

This platform studies what governments owe and the risks to their budgets; Sovereign Capital Nexus studies the assets states invest. Debtor obligations and investor mandates carry different risks.

Does the platform rate sovereigns or predict defaults?

No. GRA issues no ratings, scores or default predictions. It builds shared understanding of fiscal risk channels.

rêzeya Pergalên StratejîkTevkarî bike

Ji vê rûpelê delîl bidin.

Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

Global Risks AllianceDarayiya giştî û deynê serwerîAmadebûna fînans û sîgortayêXetera pergalan û berxwedana welatan

Tu carî daneyên şexsî, hûrgiliyên binesaza hesas an tiştekî ku mafê we yê parvekirinê tune ne neşînin. Beşdarî berî bikaranînê tê nirxandin; şandina wê nivîskarî an mafên edîtorî nade û sponsorî tu carî encamekê nakire.

Çawa dixebite

How Public Finance and Sovereign Debt works.

Choose a view and press Play to follow the platform’s process, its programme year, the standards it applies and how its findings are published. The outline shows how the work is designed to run, not the status of any decision.

Process explorer · Public Finance and Sovereign Debt

How Public Finance and Sovereign Debt works

8 gav4 qonax

Darayiya giştî û deynê serwerî

How Public Finance and Sovereign Debt works

Platform · Sala bernameyê · Standards · rêzeya Pergalên Stratejîk

Platform qadekê bi rêbazên bi nav, delîlên bi etîket û derketinên ku diweşîne ve girê dide, bêyî ku bibe rayedara ku xizmetê dike.

01 Çarçove
1. 01Wer û malbatDestpêk · Serokê platformêRûpela sereke qadê, malbatên wê û yên ku xizmetê dide wan dide diyarkirin.
2. 02Dosyeyên mijaranTomar · Nivîskarên platformêMijar mijarê bi delîlên bi etîket vedibêjin.
02 Delîl
1. 03Etîketên delîlanTomar · GCRIHer nirx etîketkirî ye: çavdêrîkirî, statîstîka weşandî, texmînkirî, modelkirî, senaryo an nenas.
2. 04RêbazGav · Xwediyên rêbazanRêbaz ji STEM Commons têne, her yek bi rûpeleke kanonîk.
03 Work
1. 05Senaryo li ser pergalanModel · Stûna FoundrySenaryoyên ku li ser pergalên Nexus têne xebitandin, wekî senaryo têne nîşankirin.
2. 06Standardên ku têne sepandinTomar · Nexus StandardsPlatform standardên ku têne sepandin nav dike. Raporta vekolîner delîl e ji bo nirxandinê.
04 Biweşîne
1. 07ÇapanTomar · ReportsEncam bi sînorên xwe re bi riya Reports têne weşandin.
2. 08Rayedar biryar dideEncam · Rayedara jêhatîBiryar û cîbicîkirin li cem hukûmet, operator an saziya bi lîsans dimînin.

Public Finance and Sovereign Debt home · Platforms · Shared methodsVê kurte ravekirinê dide ka xebat çawa hatiye sêwirandin ku bimeşe; rewşa tu biryar an tomarê rapor nake.

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Saziyên neteweyî

Wezaret, ofîsên statîstîkê û ajansan: masa neteweyî û beşa neteweyî, û kursiyek di komên xebatê de. Beşên neteweyî

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Sektor û pîşe

Operators, regulators, banks, insurers and professional bodies whose work touches Public Finance and Sovereign Debt. Beşdar bibe

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Fêrbûn

Kurs û pratîk, bi qeydeke her kursa temamkirî. Xwendin belaş e. Fêrbûnê veke

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Standards

Rêbaz û standardên daneyê bi komên xebatê re pêşnûme bike, binirxîne û bipejirîne. Komên xebatê

Rê

Civak û lêkolîn

Zanîngeh, civaka sivîl û pisporên takekesî: proje, dane û vekolîn. Ji tîmê re binivîsin

Banggewaziya vekirî	Digere	Digire
Banga damezrandinê ya ji bo pisporan ji bo komên xebatê CALL-FOUNDING-EXPERTS	pispor, edîtor, serok	2026-12-15
Berjêrkirina vekirî ji bo sê kursiyên pisporên serbixwe yên Global Standards Council CALL-GSC-IND	council-member	2026-12-01
Berendamkirinên endamên herêmî yên demkî (tenê heke maddeya veguhêz were biryardan) CALL-GSC-REG	council-member	2026-12-15
Nirxandina xeta bingehîn a xetereyê ya pêla 1 (C1, C2, C3, C4, C8, C10, C11) CALL-REVIEW-WAVE1	tevkar	2027-01-31
Pispor ji bo standardên bingehîn ên zanista xetereyê: nediyarî û pileyên delîlan, pîvan, nirxandina pisporan a sazkirî, tehemulbûn, nirxên giran û bûyerên tevlihev, xetera karesatî û hebûnî, etîk û wekhevî, yekeyan û pîvandin (NRS-C17 heta NRS-C24) CALL-CORE-SCIENCE	pispor, edîtor, serok	2027-01-31
Nirxandkarên serbixwe ji bo malbatên atlasa metirsiyan, sê ji herî kêm du herêman ji bo her malbatê (NHS2-R19), malbatên pêşîn bi pêşî CALL-ATLAS-REVIEW	pispor	2027-03-31
Endamên Panela Vekolîna Ewlehiya Sînor a demkî û vekolînerên tîma sor (ewlehiya biyolojîk, ewlehiya AI, ewlehiya binesaza girîng); serlêdan bi nepenî têne rêvebirin CALL-FRONTIER-SAFETY-REVIEW	pispor	2026-11-30
Pisporên ontolojî, metrolojî, verastkirina nermalavê û nirxandina lihevhatinê ji bo qeyda pêdiviyan, nûnertiya makîneyî ya NHS-2, komên ceribandina lihevhatinê û pîlana nirxandina lihevhatinê CALL-CONFORMANCE-ONTOLOGY	pispor, edîtor	2027-01-31

Banggewazî yên ku dîroka girtinê borandine bi xweber têne veşartin. Hemû banggewazî, pêşniyar û rê: qad û banggewazî yên vekirî.

The Global Risks Index

Her wêneyê vê rûpelê hatiye indekskirin: metirsî, avhewa, nakokî, cîhan.

205 çavkanî451 nîşander905 metirsî54 rêze195 profîlên welatan

Nirx çêdibin2026-10-23 · 22c6eed

Dîmenek giştî

01 · Çavkanî205 çavkaniyên tomarkirîHer nirx çavkanî û lîsansa xwe digire; nirxên hatine veşartin têne jimartin.Dane û lîsans
02 · Nexus StandardsNIS-1 û NHS-1451 nîşander, 905 metirsî; her tomar UNI hildigire.Nexus Standards
03 · Index54 rêze, 195 profîlên welatanLi ser standardan hatiye hesabkirin; tu nirx nayê weşandin heta ku çapek neyê berdan.Nirx çêdibinThe Global Risks Index
04 · Ev rûpelDarayiya giştî û deynê serwerîNexşe, wêne û herik Index di çarçoveya metirsî, avhewa û nakokiyê de dixwînin.API a giştî

Çavkanî205tomarkirî, her yek bi lîsansa xwe Nîşander451NIS-1, 106 kompozît, 20 indeksên qadan Metirsî905NHS-1, bi UNDRR-ISC HIPs re hatiye hevrêzkirin Rêze54gerdûnî, sektorî, stratejîk, teknolojî, mijarî Profîlên welatan195yek malper ji bo her welat

Rêzeyên di vê çarçoveyê de metirsî, avhewa, nakokî

GLBPergalên cîhanîNXS-GRX-AR-000002
THÎstîxbarata Xetera Karesatan (DRI)NXS-GRX-AR-000111
GSBajarên CîhanêNXS-GRX-AR-000068
GSAvhewaya cîhanêNXS-GRX-AR-000065

Hemû 54 rêze · 20 nîşanderên warên

GRA

Navrûya portfolyoya neteweyîFinance for national portfolios
Encûmenên pîşesaziyêFinancial institutions by industry
Komên xebatê yên pîşeyîRisk, actuarial and finance professionals
Endamên sazûmanîBanks, insurers, funds and regulators
Fêrbûna pîşeyîFinance and insurance professionals
Standardên delîl û daneyanData stewards in finance
Beşdariya pîşeyîIndividual professionals

Rêzeyên di vê çarçoveyê de

Filter series54

GLBPergalên cîhanîThe state of interdependent global risk: the twenty domain indices aggregated to the world, the five core systems (water, energy, food, health, biodiversity) and their couplings, the global tail register and the gap…NXS-GRX-AR-000002HAZCLICONSOCFOOWATHLTENEINFFISFINECOCYBTECENVDEMGOVCRSMACSPC
TH-04Îstîxbarata Xetera Karesatan (DRI)Nîşan, çavdêrî, herikên bûyeran, qatên erdnîgarî û pakêtên senaryoyê hatine veguherandin agahiya xetereyê ya birêkûpêk ji bo amadekarî û plankirinê.NXS-GRX-AR-000111HAZCLICONHLT
GS-10Bajarên CîhanêRûbirûbûna bajarî, germ, lehî, niştecihên neyasayî, girêdayîbûna xizmetan û giraniya aborî ya bajarên di xetereyê de.NXS-GRX-AR-000068DEMHAZINFSOCCLI
GS-07Avhewaya cîhanêMetirsiya fîzîkî ya avhewa ya domdar û ya tûj, rûbirûbûna veguherînê, valahiyên lihevhatinê û rêçên senaryoyê heta 2030, 2050 û 2100.NXS-GRX-AR-000065CLIHAZENVENEFIN
GS-01Ava GerdûnîAccess, scarcity, quality, floods and droughts, groundwater depletion, transboundary dependency and the couplings of water to energy, food, health and nature.NXS-GRX-AR-000059WATHAZCLIHLTFOOENEENV
GS-02Enerjiya GerdûnîTêrbûna peydakirinê, girêdayîbûna îthalatê, pêbaweriya torê, kêrhatî, rûbirûbûna hewaya tund, mîneralên krîtîk û rêyên veguhêzê.NXS-GRX-AR-000060ENEINFCLIECOCYBMAC
GS-03Xwarin û agrîxwarina gerdûnîNebûna xwarinê ya tund û domdar, şokên hilberînê, girêdayîbûna îthalatê, buhayan, gubre û tengavên lojîstîkê, xwarin û girêdayîbûna tozkirinê.NXS-GRX-AR-000061FOOWATCLIECOCONSOCENV
GS-04Tenduristiya GerdûnîKapasîteya ewlehiya tenduristiyê, derketin û belavbûna epîdemiyê, barê germê û kalîteya hewayê, zexta pergala tenduristiyê û gihîştin.NXS-GRX-AR-000062HLTSOCDEMWATCLICRS
GS-05Darayî û aborî li ser asta cîhanêFiscal and public debt risk, financial stability, external dependence, inflation and growth at risk, and the macro-financial channels of physical and transition risk.NXS-GRX-AR-000063FISFINECOMACCLI
GS-06Pêşketina GerdûnîXizanî, newekhevî, pêşketina mirovî, zextên demografîk û koçberkirin wekî zemîna ku şok li ser wê dibin windahî.NXS-GRX-AR-000064SOCDEMMACHLTGOV
GS-08Karesata GerdûnîMulti-hazard exposure, disaster losses and mortality, return-period losses, protection gaps and coping capacity.NXS-GRX-AR-000066HAZCRSINFSOCFIS
GS-09Binesaziya GerdûnîŞikestbariya binesaziyê, domdariya xizmetê, girêdayîbûna hêz, av, veguhastin û têlekomunîkasyonê, û rûbirûbûna veberhênanê.NXS-GRX-AR-000067INFENECYBHAZWAT
GS-11Cûrbecûrbûna jîndaran li ser asta cîhanêEnvironmental pressure, ecosystem condition, nature dependency of economies and the nature–climate–water–food feedbacks.NXS-GRX-AR-000069ENVCLIWATFOOECO
GS-12Çavdêriya Erdê ya gerdûnîWhat Earth observation can and cannot see of risk: coverage, revisit, latency and the observing systems GRIx depends on.NXS-GRX-AR-000070HAZCLIENVSPCTEC
GS-13Sîber û dîjîtal a gerdûnîKapasîteya sîber û rûbirûbûna gefê, girêdayîbûna dîjîtal, berxwedana girêdanê û kanalên sîber-fizîkî ber bi xizmetên bingehîn.NXS-GRX-AR-000071CYBTECINFGOV
GS-14Siyaset û sazîyên gerdûnîLawaziya rêveberiyê, kapasîteya dewletê, serweriya qanûnê, çarçoveyên amadekariyê û şiyana saziyî ya pêşdîtin û lihevhatinê.NXS-GRX-AR-000072GOVCRSCON
GS-15Zanist û endezyarî li ser asta cîhanêThe scientific, engineering and data capacity societies need to measure, model and reduce risk, and its concentration.NXS-GRX-AR-000073TECSOCGOV
SR-01Pirkrîz li ser asta cîhanêHow crises become entangled: common causes, domino effects and feedbacks across climate, economy, health and security.NXS-GRX-AR-000074HAZCLICONFISFOOHLTECO
SR-02Pevçûn, nazikî û ewlehiya mirovîXetera pevçûnê û tundbûn, nazikî, tundiya organîzekirî, zerara sivîlan û girêdana pevçûn-avhewa-xwarin-koçberkirinê.NXS-GRX-AR-000075CONGOVDEMFOOSOC
SR-03Zincîrên peydakirinê, bazirganî û xalên tengbûnêKomkirina bazirganiyê, tengavên behrî û bejayî, rûbirûbûna têketin-derketinê û belavbûna şokên peydakirinê.NXS-GRX-AR-000076ECOINFENEFOOTEC
SR-04MîneralCritical-mineral concentration, processing dependency, price and export-restriction risk, and the environmental and social footprint of extraction.NXS-GRX-AR-000077ECOTECENEENVGOV
SR-05Berxwedana darayî ya giştîQada darayiya giştî, nîşanên berdewamiya deyn, berpirsiyariyên şertî ji karesatan, û darayiya pêşwext rêkxistî.NXS-GRX-AR-000078FISMACFINHAZ
SR-06Koçberkirin û guherîna demografîkForced displacement, migration pressure, ageing, youth bulges and urbanisation as risk multipliers.NXS-GRX-AR-000079DEMSOCCONCLI
SR-07Xwarin, av û enerjîThe food–water–energy nexus: shared stressors, trade-offs and joint failures.NXS-GRX-AR-000080FOOWATENECLI
SR-08Vegirtina darayî û darayiya pergalîRûbirûbûnên bi hev ve girêdayî, girêdanên deynê serwerî û bankan, vegerandina herikînên sermiyanê û vegirtin bi rêya torên darayî.NXS-GRX-AR-000081FINFISECOMAC
SR-09Sînorên gerstêrkîEarth-system boundaries and tipping elements as slow-onset, high-impact risk.NXS-GRX-AR-000082ENVCLIWATFOO
SR-10Binesaziya giştî ya dîjîtalBinesaziya nasname, dayîn û danûstendina daneyê wekî tiştên giştî, û xetera wan a komkirinê, sîber û domdariyê.NXS-GRX-AR-000083CYBTECGOVINF
SR-11Rastiya agahiyê û hevgirtina civakîInformation disorder, polarisation, trust and cohesion as amplifiers of every other risk.NXS-GRX-AR-000084GOVSOCCONCYB
SR-12Ewlehiya tenduristiyê û ewlehiya biyolojîkPandemic and epidemic preparedness, antimicrobial resistance, zoonotic spillover and biosecurity controls, at public-safe level.NXS-GRX-AR-000085HLTENVCRSGOV
SR-13Teknolojiya stratejîkConcentration and control of strategic technologies, export controls and technological dependency.NXS-GRX-AR-000086TECECOCYB
SR-14Xetera felaketî ya cîhanî û xetera dûvikêLow-probability, high-impact and global catastrophic risks: severe space weather, super-eruptions, engineered and natural pandemics, nuclear and frontier-technology failure modes, compound collapses.NXS-GRX-AR-000087SPCHAZHLTTECCON
TH-01Girêdana hevbeş a WEFH-BThe water, energy, food, health and biodiversity systems read together: drought to energy stress, energy disruption to health stress, biodiversity loss to food-system stress, flood to water contamination, heat to…NXS-GRX-AR-000108WATENEFOOHLTENV
TH-02Kêmkirina xetera karesatan (DRR)Hazard, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, preparedness, redundancy and recovery readings for planning and learning, aligned to the Sendai Framework targets.NXS-GRX-AR-000109HAZCRSINFSOC
TH-03Fînansa xetera karesatan (DRF)Loss sensitivity, protection gaps, contingent liabilities and the readiness questions for pre-arranged finance, insurance and risk transfer.NXS-GRX-AR-000110FISHAZFINCRS
XT-01Zîrekiya çêkirî û pergalên ajansîAI and agentic systems as physical infrastructure (compute, energy, water, materials and supply chains) and as a hazard source: failure, misuse, concentration and oversight gaps.NXS-GRX-AR-000088TECCYBENEWATGOV
XT-02Pergalên sîber û sîber-fizîkîGefên li ser teknolojiya operasyonê, kontrola pîşesaziyê û pergalên sîber-fizîkî li seranserê enerjî, av, tenduristî, bender û lojîstîkê.NXS-GRX-AR-000089CYBINFENE
XT-03Telekomunîkasyon, torên radyoyê yên vekirî û qeraxTelecom resilience, open and AI-native radio access networks, private wireless, edge compute and spectrum constraints.NXS-GRX-AR-000090INFCYBTEC
XT-04Hesabkirina serwer, HPC û ewrCompute dependency and concentration, cloud and data-residency risk, accelerator supply and secure compute.NXS-GRX-AR-000091TECCYBENE
XT-05Ewlehiya têkildarî kuantûmêCryptographic resilience and the migration to post-quantum cryptography across public and financial systems.NXS-GRX-AR-000092CYBTECFIN
XT-06NîvgihandîSemiconductor supply concentration, fabrication chokepoints, materials and equipment dependency and export-control exposure.NXS-GRX-AR-000093TECECOINF
XT-07Çavdêriya Erdê û pergalên fezayêGirêdayîbûna peykan ji bo navîgasyon, ragihandin û çavdêriyê; qelebalixiya orbîtê, bermayî û rûbirûbûna hewaya fezayê.NXS-GRX-AR-000094SPCTECINF
XT-08Dron, robotîk û pergalên xweserAutonomous and robotic systems in logistics, agriculture, industry and security: failure, misuse and safety oversight.NXS-GRX-AR-000095TECINFCON
XT-09Senzor, IoT û IoT ya pîşesaziyêConnected sensing and control across cities, utilities and industry: attack surface, data integrity and dependency.NXS-GRX-AR-000096CYBINFTEC
XT-10Cêwîyên dîjîtal û sîmulasyonDigital twins and simulation used for risk decisions: model risk, validation and dependency.NXS-GRX-AR-000097TECGOV
XT-11Nasnameya dîjîtal û bawerîIdentity, authentication and trust infrastructure: exclusion, fraud, breach and concentration risk.NXS-GRX-AR-000098CYBGOVSOC
XT-12Cihdîtin, rêberî û demkirinDependency of power, telecom, finance and transport on positioning and timing signals; jamming, spoofing and space weather.NXS-GRX-AR-000099SPCINFCYB
XT-13Teknolojiyên veguherîna enerjiyêBatteries, hydrogen, grid storage, renewables and their supply chains, failure modes and transition risk.NXS-GRX-AR-000100ENETECECOCLI
XT-14Yekparebûna nermalavê û zincîra dabînkirinêOpen-source and commercial software dependencies, build integrity and provenance across critical systems.NXS-GRX-AR-000101CYBTEC
XT-15Bîyoteknolojî û ewlehiya bîyolojîkBiotechnology capability and governance at public-safe level: laboratory biosafety, oversight and detection capacity; no capability information is published.NXS-GRX-AR-000102HLTTECGOV
XT-16Hilberîna pêşketîAdvanced and additive manufacturing, industrial automation and their supply, cyber and labour risks.NXS-GRX-AR-000103TECECOCYB
XT-17Defterên belavkirî û binesaziya nenavendîDistributed ledgers and decentralised physical infrastructure networks: operational, financial-stability and governance risk.NXS-GRX-AR-000104FINTECCYB
XT-18Teknolojiyên destwerdana avhewayêCarbon removal and proposed climate interventions: physical, governance and termination risks, read from published assessments only.NXS-GRX-AR-000105CLIENVGOVTEC
XT-19Nêroteknolojî û xurtkirina mirovanNeurotechnology and augmentation: safety, privacy, equity and governance risks.NXS-GRX-AR-000106TECHLTGOV
XT-20Teknolojiyên hevgirtîRisks that emerge where frontier technologies combine (AI with biotechnology, autonomy with cyber, compute with energy) and outrun single-technology governance.NXS-GRX-AR-000107TECCYBHLTGOV

Hemû 54 rêze · 20 nîşanderên warên

Çavkanî û lîsans

Filter sources205

Çavkanî	Origin	Lîsans	Legal status	Commercial use
OpenStreetMap building footprints and height tags`osm.vector.buildings`	www.openstreetmap.org	ODbL-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
OpenStreetMap planet extracts and minutely/hourly/daily replication`osm.planet.replication`	planet.openstreetmap.org	ODbL-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
OpenFreeMap Liberty / planet vector tiles (OSM-derived style lineage; public host not used at runtime)`osm.openfreemap.liberty`	tiles.openfreemap.org	ODbL-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
VersaTiles OSM Shortbread vector tiles (OSM-derived COP catalog)`osm.versatiles.shortbread`	tiles.versatiles.org	ODbL-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
OpenFreeMap public instance (tiles.openfreemap.org) as the browser-direct vector basemap of the Risk Academy non-profit pages`osm.openfreemap.academy-public`	tiles.openfreemap.org	ODbL-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
VersaTiles public tile server (tiles.versatiles.org) as a browser-direct vector basemap of the Risk Academy non-profit pages`osm.versatiles.academy-public`	tiles.versatiles.org	ODbL-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
OpenStreetMap Foundation vector tiles (vector.openstreetmap.org, Shortbread) on the Risk Academy non-profit pages, tiles only`osm.osmf-vector.academy-public`	vector.openstreetmap.org	ODbL-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
OpenAlex works API (api.openalex.org) as a live research source of the Risk Academy hub`openalex.academy-public`	api.openalex.org	CC0-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
Crossref REST API (api.crossref.org) as a live research source of the Risk Academy hub`crossref.academy-public`	api.crossref.org	LicenseRef-Crossref-Metadata-Facts	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
Europe PMC RESTful web service (www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc) as a live research and preprint source of the Risk Academy hub`europepmc.academy-public`	www.ebi.ac.uk	LicenseRef-EMBL-EBI-Terms-of-Use	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
GDELT DOC 2.0 API (api.gdeltproject.org) as a live news source of the Risk Academy hub`gdelt.academy-public`	api.gdeltproject.org	LicenseRef-GDELT-Open-Use-With-Citation	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
ReliefWeb API v2 (api.reliefweb.int) as a live humanitarian source of the Risk Academy hub, once an appname is approved`reliefweb.academy-public`	api.reliefweb.int	LicenseRef-ReliefWeb-Terms	PROHIBITED	`PROHIBITED`
arXiv API (export.arxiv.org) metadata as a preprint source of the Risk Academy hub, through the relay or the daily snapshot`arxiv.academy-public`	export.arxiv.org	CC0-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
Google News RSS search feeds (news.google.com/rss) as headline links on the Risk Academy hub, through the relay or the daily snapshot`google-news-rss.academy-public`	news.google.com	LicenseRef-Google-News-Feed-Personal-Use-Only	PROHIBITED	`PROHIBITED`
Copernicus DEM GLO-30 (30 m global DSM), self-hosted Terrarium terrain archive`copernicus.dem.glo30`	registry.opendata.aws	LicenseRef-Copernicus-DEM	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
Sentinel-2 Level-2A surface reflectance COGs (AWS Open Data, Earth Search catalogue)`copernicus.sentinel2.l2a.cogs`	registry.opendata.aws	LicenseRef-Copernicus-Sentinel-Data	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
Copernicus DEM GLO-30 / GLO-90 COGs read on demand by nexus-raster`copernicus.dem.glo30.cogs`	registry.opendata.aws	LicenseRef-Copernicus-DEM	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
ESA WorldCover 10 m land cover (2020 / 2021) COGs`esa.worldcover.10m`	registry.opendata.aws	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
UNDRR-ISC Hazard Definition & Classification Review, 2025 Update of the Technical Report (Hazard Information Profiles classification, identifiers and multi-hazard method)`undrr-isc.hip-classification.2025`	doi.org	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
Natural Earth 1:110m Admin 0 Countries (bundled same-origin GeoJSON)`naturalearth.admin0.110m`	www.naturalearthdata.com	LicenseRef-Public-Domain-Natural-Earth	APPROVED	`ALLOWED`
geoBoundaries gbOpen administrative boundaries API (ADM0-ADM5)`geoboundaries.gbopen`	www.geoboundaries.org	Per-boundary source licence (boundaryLicense), admitted per country by the boundary licence gate	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
ohsome OSM history API (operator-bound only)`osm.history.ohsome`	api.ohsome.org	ODbL-1.0	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
Nexus self-hosted OpenStreetMap planet basemap (Planetiler OpenMapTiles profile, PMTiles)`osm.planet.omt.self-hosted`	planet.openstreetmap.org	ODbL-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
OpenStreetMap Overpass API (bounded investigation / gap-fill)`osm.overpass`	wiki.openstreetmap.org	ODbL-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
OpenStreetMap planet on the Nexus self-hosted Overpass engine (clone + minute replication)`osm.overpass.self-hosted-planet`	planet.openstreetmap.org	ODbL-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
OpenStreetMap regional extracts (Geofabrik download server) for bounded engine builds`osm.geofabric.regional-extracts`	download.geofabrik.de	ODbL-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
Overture Maps buildings theme (GeoParquet)`overture.buildings`	docs.overturemaps.org	ODbL-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
Overture Maps places theme (GeoParquet, read in place)`overture.places`	docs.overturemaps.org	CDLA-Permissive-2.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
City of Toronto Open Data asset registers (facilities, infrastructure and heritage datasets)`toronto.open-data.asset-registers`	open.toronto.ca	Open Government Licence – Toronto (based on version 1.0 of the Open Government Licence – Ontario); not yet reviewed	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
Ontario Data Catalogue asset registers (provincial facilities and infrastructure datasets)`ontario.data-catalogue.asset-registers`	data.ontario.ca	Open Government Licence – Ontario; not yet reviewed	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
GlobalBuildingAtlas ODbL building polygons (OSM + Microsoft), research isolated`gba.odbl.polygon`	huggingface.co	ODbL-1.0	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`PROHIBITED`
GlobalBuildingAtlas non-ODbL polygons (Google Open Buildings, CLSM, PSR-derived)`gba.bync.polygon`	huggingface.co	CC-BY-NC-4.0	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`PROHIBITED`
GlobalBuildingAtlas LoD1 JSON linking polygons to height/variance`gba.bync.lod1`	huggingface.co	CC-BY-NC-4.0	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`PROHIBITED`
GlobalBuildingAtlas 3 m building height GeoTIFF (GBA.Height)`gba.bync.height`	mediatum.ub.tum.de	CC-BY-NC-4.0	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`PROHIBITED`
GlobalBuildingAtlas generation software (im2bf, im2bh, produce_lod1)`gba.generation.code`	github.com	MIT-with-Commons-Clause	PROHIBITED	`PROHIBITED`
AlphaEarth Foundations Satellite Embedding dataset (annual, 64-band, 10 m)`alphaearth.satellite-embedding.annual`	developers.google.com	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
geoBoundaries gbOpen ADM0 to ADM5 boundaries (William & Mary geoLab)`geoboundaries.gbopen.adm`	www.geoboundaries.org	NOASSERTION	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
UN OCHA Common Operational Datasets, Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB, P-codes) on HDX`ocha.cod-ab`	data.humdata.org	Per-country licence published on HDX (license_id), admitted per country by the boundary licence gate	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
UN Second Administrative Level Boundaries (SALB), UN Geospatial / UN Statistics Division`un.salb.adm`	salb.un.org	SALB Terms of Use (2021). Copyright vested in the United Nations; "The SALB Data may be used… SALB Terms of Use (2021). Copyright vested in the United Nations; "The SALB Data may be used for only non-commercial purposes"; users are prohibited from changing the geometry or content without consent of the Contributor; derived products must credit "from SALB Data, United Nations" and the Contributor; access is revocable and non-transferable.	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`PROHIBITED`
UN Geodata country boundaries (UN Geospatial BNDA, the basis of the UN Clear Map)`un.geodata.bnda`	www.un.org	Terms of Use of the UN Geodata: designed for the production of maps for the UN Secretariat;… Terms of Use of the UN Geodata: designed for the production of maps for the UN Secretariat; Outside Users may use the Data only for the purpose identified by the Geospatial Information Section; "Under no circumstances may the Data be used for commercial purposes"; the UN must be recognised as the source unless the data is altered or combined.	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`PROHIBITED`
U.S. Census Bureau TIGERweb States and Counties (TIGER/Line geography)`us.census.tigerweb.adm`	tigerweb.geo.census.gov	LicenseRef-US-Government-Work	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
Statistics Canada 2021 Census Cartographic Boundary Files (provinces and territories, census divisions, census subdivisions)`ca.statcan.boundary-files`	geo.statcan.gc.ca	Open Government Licence - Canada, version 2.0 (open.canada.ca record "2021 Census - Boundary… Open Government Licence - Canada, version 2.0 (open.canada.ca record "2021 Census - Boundary files", license_id ca-ogl-lgo; the service description states "Use Limitation: Open Government Licence - Canada"). Worldwide, royalty-free, perpetual, non-exclusive licence to copy, modify, publish, translate, adapt, distribute or otherwise use the Information, including for commercial purposes, on condition that the source is acknowledged ("Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada") and no official status or endorsement is implied. Approved with conditions by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-goc-ogl-canada-boundaries).	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
INSPIRE Administrative Units (EU Member State national mapping and cadastral agencies)`eu.inspire.au`	inspire.ec.europa.eu	Set per Member State dataset (no single licence). Each national dataset needs its own licence… Set per Member State dataset (no single licence). Each national dataset needs its own licence check before it can be admitted.	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
ISO 3166-1 country codes and ISO 3166-2 subdivision codes (International Organization for Standardization)`iso.3166`	www.iso.org	ISO copyright. ISO's help centre: purchased Country Codes "can be downloaded to your database… ISO copyright. ISO's help centre: purchased Country Codes "can be downloaded to your database and used in order to implement the standard ISO 3166. However, selling them to others and further reproduction is not permitted."	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
Unicode CLDR subdivision ids and names (ISO 3166-2 based)`unicode.cldr.subdivisions`	github.com	Unicode-3.0	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
UN Statistics Division, Standard country or area codes for statistical use (M49)`unsd.m49`	unstats.un.org	United Nations terms of use (code list; attribution)	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
GADM database of Global Administrative Areas`gadm.boundaries`	gadm.org	GADM licence (free for academic and other non-commercial use; commercial use not allowed without permission)	PROHIBITED	`PROHIBITED`
World Bank Open Data (Indicators API v2, World Development Indicators and other catalogue datasets)`worldbank.open-data`	api.worldbank.org	CC-BY-4.0	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
Eurostat dissemination API (SDMX 2.1 / JSON-stat statistics)`eurostat.dissemination`	ec.europa.eu	CC-BY-4.0	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
OECD Data Explorer SDMX API`oecd.data-explorer`	sdmx.oecd.org	CC-BY-4.0	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
UNdata (United Nations Statistics Division data portal)`un.data`	data.un.org	UNdata terms of use (free of charge; may be copied and redistributed provided UNdata is cited as the reference)	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
GBIF occurrence API and downloads (Global Biodiversity Information Facility)`gbif.occurrence`	api.gbif.org	Per-dataset CC0 1.0, CC BY 4.0 or CC BY-NC 4.0 (set by each data publisher)	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
ERA5 reanalysis via the Copernicus Climate Data Store (C3S / ECMWF)`ecmwf.era5.cds`	cds.climate.copernicus.eu	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
NOAA NWS National Hurricane Center active storms, forecast tracks and cones (Atlantic, East and Central Pacific)`noaa.nhc.tropical-cyclones`	www.nhc.noaa.gov	U.S. Government work (NOAA NWS National Hurricane Center), public domain per the NHC… U.S. Government work (NOAA NWS National Hurricane Center), public domain per the NHC disclaimer; approved by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-noaa-nhc-nws-spc)	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
NOAA NCEI Access Data Service (climate observations and archives)`noaa.ncei.access`	www.ncei.noaa.gov	U.S. Government work (public domain) except datasets that carry their own restrictions (e.g. some non-U.S. station data)	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
NASA Earthdata Common Metadata Repository (CMR) search`nasa.earthdata.cmr`	cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov	NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested)	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
Alaska Satellite Facility DAAC (ASF) data pool downloads`nasa.earthdata.daac.asf`	asf.alaska.edu	NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested), as… NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested), as stated on the NASA Earthdata open data policy page; per-collection terms not reviewed	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
Land Processes DAAC (LP DAAC, USGS EROS) on-premises data pool downloads`nasa.earthdata.daac.lpdaac`	lpdaac.usgs.gov	NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested), as… NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested), as stated on the NASA Earthdata open data policy page; per-collection terms not reviewed	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
National Snow and Ice Data Center DAAC (NSIDC) downloads`nasa.earthdata.daac.nsidc`	nsidc.org	NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested), as… NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested), as stated on the NASA Earthdata open data policy page; per-collection terms not reviewed	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
Oak Ridge National Laboratory DAAC (ORNL DAAC) downloads`nasa.earthdata.daac.ornl`	daac.ornl.gov	NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested), as… NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested), as stated on the NASA Earthdata open data policy page; per-collection terms not reviewed	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
Physical Oceanography DAAC (PO.DAAC, JPL) tool and OPeNDAP hosts`nasa.earthdata.daac.podaac`	podaac.jpl.nasa.gov	NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested), as… NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested), as stated on the NASA Earthdata open data policy page; per-collection terms not reviewed	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) on-premises hosts`nasa.earthdata.daac.gesdisc`	disc.gsfc.nasa.gov	NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested), as… NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested), as stated on the NASA Earthdata open data policy page; per-collection terms not reviewed	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
EM-DAT international disaster database (CRED, UCLouvain)`emdat.cred`	www.emdat.be	EM-DAT terms of use (registration required; free for non-commercial use; commercial use needs a CRED licence)	PROHIBITED	`PROHIBITED`
NOAA National Weather Service API active alerts (CAP v1.2 as GeoJSON)`noaa.nws.alerts`	api.weather.gov	U.S. Government work (NOAA National Weather Service), public domain per the NWS disclaimer;… U.S. Government work (NOAA National Weather Service), public domain per the NWS disclaimer; approved by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-noaa-nhc-nws-spc)	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
NOAA National Weather Service API points metadata and gridpoint forecasts`noaa.nws.points`	api.weather.gov	U.S. Government work (NOAA National Weather Service), public domain per the NWS disclaimer;… U.S. Government work (NOAA National Weather Service), public domain per the NWS disclaimer; approved by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-noaa-nhc-nws-spc)	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
NOAA NWS Storm Prediction Center convective outlooks (GeoJSON) and preliminary storm reports (CSV)`noaa.spc.products`	www.spc.noaa.gov	U.S. Government work (NOAA NWS Storm Prediction Center), public domain per the NWS disclaimer;… U.S. Government work (NOAA NWS Storm Prediction Center), public domain per the NWS disclaimer; approved by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-noaa-nhc-nws-spc)	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
MET Norway Locationforecast 2.0 (api.met.no point forecasts)`metno.locationforecast`	api.met.no	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET) v3 events`nasa.eonet.events`	eonet.gsfc.nasa.gov	NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; acknowledgement… NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; acknowledgement requested); EONET metadata is subject to the EONET disclaimer; event source links keep their own terms; approved with conditions by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-open-weather-sources)	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) Open Data server (opendata.dwd.de)`dwd.opendata`	opendata.dwd.de	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
Environment and Climate Change Canada MSC GeoMet (OGC API / WMS) and MSC Datamart`eccc.geomet`	api.weather.gc.ca	Environment and Climate Change Canada Data Servers End-use Licence (the licence page does not… Environment and Climate Change Canada Data Servers End-use Licence (the licence page does not name the Open Government Licence - Canada); approved with conditions by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-open-weather-sources)	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
ECMWF open data (IFS and AIFS real-time forecasts)`ecmwf.open-data`	data.ecmwf.int	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
Copernicus Emergency Management Service rapid mapping activations and products`copernicus.ems.rapid-mapping`	rapidmapping.emergency.copernicus.eu	Copernicus free, full and open data policy (Delegated Regulation (EU) 1159/2013, Regulation… Copernicus free, full and open data policy (Delegated Regulation (EU) 1159/2013, Regulation (EU) 377/2014; the EMS terms page now cites Regulation (EU) 2021/696); approved with conditions by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-owner-top-sources)	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
GloFAS global flood forecasts and reanalysis (CEMS-Floods, Early Warning Data Store)`copernicus.glofas`	ewds.climate.copernicus.eu	CEMS-FLOODS datasets licence (rev. 1); approved with conditions by the repository owner on… CEMS-FLOODS datasets licence (rev. 1); approved with conditions by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-owner-top-sources)	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
JRC global river flood hazard maps (flood depth by return period, European Commission JRC)`jrc.global-river-flood-hazard-maps`	data.jrc.ec.europa.eu	Not recorded in the repository; the release-specific terms (JRC Data Catalogue record or the… Not recorded in the repository; the release-specific terms (JRC Data Catalogue record or the CEMS-Floods distribution) must be confirmed by Legal/IP per release	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
WRI Aqueduct Floods hazard maps (riverine and coastal inundation depth by return period and scenario)`wri.aqueduct-floods`	www.wri.org	Not recorded in the repository; WRI dataset terms for the Aqueduct Floods release must be confirmed by Legal/IP	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
WRI Aqueduct 4.0 Water Risk Atlas indicators (baseline water stress and related sub-basin indicators; baseline and SSP projections)`wri.aqueduct-4.0-water-risk-atlas`	www.wri.org	Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International as stated in the Aqueduct FAQ… Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International as stated in the Aqueduct FAQ (https://www.wri.org/aqueduct/faq, retrieved 2026-10-12: the Aqueduct 4.0 database is licensed under the "Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License"); the data page lists only "Creative Commons". Not confirmed by Legal/IP	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
World Database on Protected and Conserved Areas (WDPCA, formerly WDPA) via Protected Planet (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN)`unep-wcmc.wdpa`	www.protectedplanet.net	Protected Planet terms of use (https://www.protectedplanet.net/en/legal, retrieved 2026-10-12):… Protected Planet terms of use (https://www.protectedplanet.net/en/legal, retrieved 2026-10-12): the materials and derived works may not be put to Commercial Use without the prior written permission of UNEP-WCMC (commercial use covers use by, for or to inform a for-profit entity and revenue generation by individuals or non-profits; UNEP-WCMC decides what is commercial; commercial users are referred to IBAT); no redistribution or sub-licensing of the data, including within derived works, without permission	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`PROHIBITED`
World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas (BirdLife International on behalf of the KBA Partnership)`birdlife.kba`	www.keybiodiversityareas.org	KBA terms of service (https://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/termsofservice, retrieved… KBA terms of service (https://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/termsofservice, retrieved 2026-10-12): KBA data may not be used for Commercial Use (use by, on behalf of, or to inform or assist a commercial entity, or revenue generation by individuals or non-profits) without the prior written approval of the KBA Secretariat; KBA Partners license commercial use through IBAT; no reposting, sublicensing, resale or redistribution, including within derivative works, without written permission; non-commercial conservation, education, scientific analysis and research use permitted without prior permission	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`PROHIBITED`
CHIRPS quasi-global gridded precipitation (UC Santa Barbara Climate Hazards Center)`ucsb-chc.chirps`	www.chc.ucsb.edu	Copyright waiver stated on https://www.chc.ucsb.edu/data/chirps (retrieved 2026-10-12): "To the… Copyright waiver stated on https://www.chc.ucsb.edu/data/chirps (retrieved 2026-10-12): "To the extent possible under the law, Pete Peterson has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to CHIRPS. CHIRPS data is in the public domain as registered with Creative Commons." (a CC0-style waiver; SPDX identifier not confirmed by Legal/IP)	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
GEM Global Seismic Hazard Map (PGA for a stated probability of exceedance, Global Earthquake Model Foundation)`gem.global-seismic-hazard-map`	www.globalquakemodel.org	Not recorded in the repository; the plan records GEM hazard products as expected non-commercial… Not recorded in the repository; the plan records GEM hazard products as expected non-commercial (human gate G2); terms must be confirmed by Legal/IP	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
NOAA Multi-Radar/Multi-Sensor System (MRMS) on AWS (NOAA Open Data Dissemination)`noaa.mrms.aws`	noaa-mrms-pds.s3.amazonaws.com	U.S. Government work, public domain; NOAA Open Data Dissemination ("open to the public and can… U.S. Government work, public domain; NOAA Open Data Dissemination ("open to the public and can be used as desired"); approved with conditions by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-owner-top-sources)	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
NOAA GOES-16/18/19 ABI and GLM on AWS (NOAA Open Data Dissemination)`noaa.goes.aws`	noaa-goes19.s3.amazonaws.com	U.S. Government work, public domain; NOAA Open Data Dissemination ("open to the public and can… U.S. Government work, public domain; NOAA Open Data Dissemination ("open to the public and can be used as desired"); approved with conditions by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-owner-top-sources)	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
NOAA High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) on AWS (NOAA Open Data Dissemination)`noaa.hrrr.aws`	noaa-hrrr-bdp-pds.s3.amazonaws.com	U.S. Government work, public domain; NOAA Open Data Dissemination ("open to the public and can… U.S. Government work, public domain; NOAA Open Data Dissemination ("open to the public and can be used as desired"); approved with conditions by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-owner-top-sources)	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
WMO Alert Hub / Register of Alerting Authorities CAP official alerts`wmo.cap.alert-hub`	alertingauthority.wmo.int	WMO Unified Data Policy (Resolution 1, Cg-Ext(2021)), free and unrestricted exchange, plus each… WMO Unified Data Policy (Resolution 1, Cg-Ext(2021)), free and unrestricted exchange, plus each issuing alerting authority's own terms; approved with conditions by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-owner-top-sources)	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
USGS Water Data APIs (NWIS instantaneous and daily values, OGC API)`usgs.waterdata`	api.waterdata.usgs.gov	U.S. Public Domain (USGS information policy); approved with conditions by the repository owner… U.S. Public Domain (USGS information policy); approved with conditions by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-owner-top-sources)	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL, European Commission JRC)`jrc.ghsl`	jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
WorldPop gridded population and REST API (University of Southampton)`worldpop.population`	hub.worldpop.org	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
INFORM Risk Index (European Commission JRC, Disaster Risk Management Knowledge Centre)`jrc.inform.risk`	drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
Statistics Canada Web Data Service (WDS) and 2021 Census Profile (SDMX API, CSD / DA level)`statcan.wds-census`	www150.statcan.gc.ca	Statistics Canada Open Licence (statcan.gc.ca/en/terms-conditions/open-licence, date modified… Statistics Canada Open Licence (statcan.gc.ca/en/terms-conditions/open-licence, date modified 2025-07-10; no version number stated)	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
NRCan CanElevation High Resolution Digital Elevation Model (HRDEM, DTM / DSM; STAC and GeoTIFF)`nrcan.canelevation.hrdem`	datacube.services.geo.ca	Open Government Licence - Canada 2.0 (stated on the open.canada.ca dataset record 957782bf-847c-4644-a757-e383c0057995)	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
NRCan Flood Hazard Identification and Mapping Program (FHIMP) flood hazard data`nrcan.flood-hazard-mapping`	natural-resources.canada.ca	Not stated on the FHIMP programme page (retrieved 2026-10-11); NRCan open.canada.ca records use… Not stated on the FHIMP programme page (retrieved 2026-10-11); NRCan open.canada.ca records use the Open Government Licence - Canada 2.0, but provincial and municipal flood maps produced with FHIMP funding may carry their own licences. Per-dataset check required.	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
City of Toronto Open Data portal (CKAN API)`toronto.open-data`	ckan0.cf.opendata.inter.prod-toronto.ca	Open Government Licence - Toronto 1.0 (open.toronto.ca/open-data-licence, retrieved 2026-10-11)	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
Ontario Data Catalogue (data.ontario.ca, CKAN API)`ontario.data-catalogue`	data.ontario.ca	Open Government Licence - Ontario 1.0 (ontario.ca/page/open-government-licence-ontario, retrieved 2026-10-11)	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
OpenStreetMap Foundation standard tile server, BLOCKED for Nexus`osm.tiles.osmf-standard`	operations.osmfoundation.org	ODbL-1.0	PROHIBITED	`PROHIBITED`
OpenStreetMap US community tile service (default tiles of the OSM Americana style), BLOCKED for Nexus`osm-us.tile-service`	tiles.openstreetmap.us	ODbL-1.0	PROHIBITED	`PROHIBITED`
OSM Americana map style (CC0 style code, drawn on the self-hosted OpenMapTiles archive)`osm.americana.style`	github.com	CC0-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
OpenMapTiles vector tile schema and cartographic design`openmaptiles.schema`	github.com	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
Shortbread vector tile schema (VersaTiles basemap schema)`shortbread.schema`	shortbread-tiles.org	CC0-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
Protomaps basemap daily planet builds (PMTiles, ODbL produced work), copied to Nexus storage`protomaps.basemap.daily-builds`	maps.protomaps.com	ODbL-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
Protomaps hosted Tile API, BLOCKED (commercial use requires paid sponsorship)`protomaps.api.hosted`	protomaps.com	ODbL-1.0	PROHIBITED	`PROHIBITED`
MapLibre demo tiles and style, BLOCKED (demo / CI set containing CC BY-NC-SA imagery)`maplibre.demotiles`	github.com	LicenseRef-Mixed-Including-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0	PROHIBITED	`PROHIBITED`
Overture Maps base theme (land, water, land use, infrastructure; GeoParquet, ODbL family)`overture.base`	docs.overturemaps.org	ODbL-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
Overture Maps transportation theme (segments, connectors; GeoParquet, ODbL family)`overture.transportation`	docs.overturemaps.org	ODbL-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
Overture Maps divisions theme (administrative divisions and boundaries; GeoParquet, ODbL family)`overture.divisions`	docs.overturemaps.org	ODbL-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
Overture Maps addresses theme, BLOCKED until a per-source licence gate exists`overture.addresses`	docs.overturemaps.org	Per-source ("All carry permissive open licenses. Some have special terms or require attribution."); not uniform	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
Overture official PMTiles (overturemaps-extras bucket), BLOCKED for production by the publisher`overture.pmtiles.inspection`	docs.overturemaps.org	LicenseRef-Overture-Per-Theme	PROHIBITED	`PROHIBITED`
Natural Earth vector and raster data, all scales (1:10m, 1:50m, 1:110m), bundled same-origin`naturalearth.all-scales`	www.naturalearthdata.com	LicenseRef-Public-Domain-Natural-Earth	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
Microsoft Global ML Building Footprints (permissive family)`microsoft.global-ml-building-footprints`	github.com	CDLA-Permissive-2.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
Google Open Buildings v3 polygons (used under CC BY 4.0, permissive family)`google.open-buildings.v3`	sites.research.google	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
Google Open Buildings 2.5D Temporal dataset, BLOCKED (licence not stated on the retrieved page)`google.open-buildings.temporal`	sites.research.google	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
GEBCO global bathymetric grid (self-hosted bathymetry / hillshade tiles)`gebco.grid`	www.gebco.net	LicenseRef-Public-Domain-GEBCO	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
OpenAerialMap / Open Imagery Network imagery (per-image COGs, CC BY 4.0)`openaerialmap.oin`	openaerialmap.org	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
EOxCloudless / Sentinel-2 cloudless mosaics (all years), BLOCKED (commercial use needs an EOX licence)`eox.sentinel2-cloudless`	cloudless.eox.at	LicenseRef-EOX-Commercial-Attribution-RestrictedUse-1.2	PROHIBITED	`PROHIBITED`
Mapzen / AWS Terrain Tiles (Terrarium, multi-source), BLOCKED (EU-DEM component licence not stated)`aws.terrain-tiles.mapzen`	registry.opendata.aws	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
OpenSeaMap seamark chart tiles, BLOCKED (no tile usage policy published; render seamarks from the OSM planet instead)`openseamap.chart-tiles`	wiki.openstreetmap.org	CC-BY-SA-2.0	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
OpenRailwayMap tile servers, BLOCKED for for-profit use by the operator`openrailwaymap.tiles`	wiki.openstreetmap.org	CC-BY-SA-2.0	PROHIBITED	`PROHIBITED`
Wikimedia Maps tile service, BLOCKED (Wikimedia projects only)`wikimedia.maps.tiles`	foundation.wikimedia.org	ODbL-1.0	PROHIBITED	`PROHIBITED`
Who's On First gazetteer, BLOCKED until a per-source licence gate exists`whosonfirst.gazetteer`	whosonfirst.org	Per-source (CC BY 2.5 / 3.0 / 4.0, CC0, MPL-2.0, Open Government Licences, custom terms, some… Per-source (CC BY 2.5 / 3.0 / 4.0, CC0, MPL-2.0, Open Government Licences, custom terms, some sources with no licence link)	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
OpenAddresses aggregated address data, BLOCKED until a per-source licence gate exists`openaddresses.global`	github.com	Per-source; the data "is not relicensed from the original sources" and "Individual sources will have their own licenses"	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
GeoNames gazetteer (daily dumps, self-hosted)`geonames.gazetteer`	www.geonames.org	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
USGS The National Map basemap services and data (US public domain)`usgs.national-map`	www.usgs.gov	LicenseRef-US-Public-Domain	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products (CORINE, high-resolution layers, global land products)`copernicus.clms.land`	land.copernicus.eu	LicenseRef-Copernicus-Data-Policy	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
IMF data services (DataMapper, SDMX: WEO/IFS)`imf.data`	data.imf.org	"IMF terms — attribution required" (adapter string; terms version not recorded)	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
WHO Global Health Observatory (OData API)`who.gho`	www.who.int	"WHO CC BY-NC-SA / terms" (adapter string; not verified)	PROHIBITED	`PROHIBITED`
FAOSTAT statistical database`fao.faostat`	www.fao.org	CC BY 4.0 unless the dataset metadata states otherwise; third-party series excluded (FAO… CC BY 4.0 unless the dataset metadata states otherwise; third-party series excluded (FAO database terms of use, https://www.fao.org/contact-us/terms/db-terms-of-use/en/, read 2026-10-19); the earlier adapter string read CC BY-NC-SA	PROHIBITED	`PROHIBITED`
UNHCR Refugee Data Finder API`unhcr.refugee-statistics`	www.unhcr.org	"CC BY 4.0" (adapter string; not verified)	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
ACLED Armed Conflict Location & Event Data`acled.events`	acleddata.com	ACLED End User License Agreement (EULA), "Last Updated 8 July 2025" (retrieved 2026-10-12; not… ACLED End User License Agreement (EULA), "Last Updated 8 July 2025" (retrieved 2026-10-12; not an open licence and not yet reviewed by Legal/IP)	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
UCDP Georeferenced Event Dataset (GED) and Candidate Events (Uppsala Conflict Data Program, Uppsala University)`ucdp.ged`	ucdp.uu.se	CC-BY-4.0	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
DesInventar disaster loss databases (UNDRR)`undrr.desinventar`	www.desinventar.net	"DesInventar / UNDRR terms / fixture metadata" (connector string)	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
IPC Integrated Food Security Phase Classification`ipc.classification`	www.ipcinfo.org	"IPC public" (connector string; terms not recorded)	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
FEWS NET Famine Early Warning Systems Network data`fewsnet.data`	fews.net	"FEWS NET terms / fixture metadata" (connector string)	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
NGFS climate scenarios (IIASA NGFS Scenario Explorer)`ngfs.scenarios`	data.ece.iiasa.ac.at	Not recorded in the repository; scenario-explorer terms must be recorded by Legal/IP per phase	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
JRC global flood depth-damage functions (Huizinga, de Moel, Szewczyk 2017, EUR 28552 EN)`jrc.global-flood-depth-damage`	publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu	Not recorded in the repository; the report and its database are JRC publications whose reuse… Not recorded in the repository; the report and its database are JRC publications whose reuse terms (EC legal notice or a dataset-specific licence) must be confirmed by Legal/IP	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, Revision 5 (ISIC Rev.5), United Nations Statistics Division`un.isic-rev5`	unstats.un.org	United Nations publication; reuse terms not recorded in the repository. The UN website terms of… United Nations publication; reuse terms not recorded in the repository. The UN website terms of use page (un.org) could not be retrieved when this row was written (HTTP 403), so no licence text was read. Legal/IP must record the UN terms of use and any ISIC-specific copyright statement	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
Earth Index embeddings (Earth Genome; SoftCon, 384-d, Sentinel-2 annual mosaics, GeoParquet points)`earthgenome.earth-index.embeddings`	source.coop	CC-BY-4.0	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
Panoramax street-level pictures (federated instances; per-picture licence)`panoramax.street-level.pictures`	api.panoramax.xyz	Per picture as stated by the originating instance (etalab-2.0 or CC-BY-SA-4.0 observed 2026-10-12)	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
Mapillary street-level images (Graph API v4)`mapillary.street-level.images`	www.mapillary.com	CC-BY-SA-4.0	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
NASA ICESat-2 ATLAS products ATL03, ATL06 and ATL08 (NSIDC DAAC)`nasa.icesat2.atlas`	nsidc.org	NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested)	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
NASA GEDI footprint products L2A, L2B (LP DAAC) and L4A (ORNL DAAC)`nasa.gedi.footprints`	gedi.umd.edu	NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested)	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
NOAA GFS forecast (global 0.25 degree, 0-16 day) via dynamical.org (Zarr v0.2.7)`dynamical.noaa-gfs-forecast`	dynamical.org	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
NOAA GFS analysis (global 0.25 degree, hourly) via dynamical.org (Zarr v0.1.0)`dynamical.noaa-gfs-analysis`	dynamical.org	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
NOAA GEFS ensemble forecast (global, 31 members, 0-35 day) via dynamical.org (Zarr v0.2.0)`dynamical.noaa-gefs-forecast-35-day`	dynamical.org	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
NOAA GEFS analysis (global 0.25 degree) via dynamical.org (Zarr v0.1.2)`dynamical.noaa-gefs-analysis`	dynamical.org	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
NOAA HRRR forecast (CONUS 3 km, 0-48 hour) via dynamical.org (Zarr v0.1.0)`dynamical.noaa-hrrr-forecast-48-hour`	dynamical.org	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
NOAA HRRR analysis (CONUS 3 km, hourly) via dynamical.org (Zarr v0.2.0)`dynamical.noaa-hrrr-analysis`	dynamical.org	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
NOAA MRMS CONUS hourly precipitation analysis (0.01 degree) via dynamical.org (Zarr v0.3.0)`dynamical.noaa-mrms-conus-analysis-hourly`	dynamical.org	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
ECMWF IFS ENS forecast (global 0.25 degree, 51 members, 0-15 day) via dynamical.org (Zarr v0.1.0)`dynamical.ecmwf-ifs-ens-forecast-15-day-0-25-degree`	dynamical.org	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
ECMWF AIFS Single forecast (global 0.25 degree, 0-15 day) via dynamical.org (Zarr v0.1.0)`dynamical.ecmwf-aifs-single-forecast`	dynamical.org	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
DWD ICON-EU forecast (Europe, 0-5 day) via dynamical.org (Zarr v0.2.0)`dynamical.dwd-icon-eu-forecast-5-day`	dynamical.org	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
CelesTrak GP orbital element sets (OMM JSON) for the Maps satellite layer`celestrak.gp.elements`	celestrak.org	CelesTrak usage policy (free public GP data; attribution to CelesTrak; one download per group per 2-hour update cycle)	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
SGP4 verification element sets and reference states (Vallado, Crawford, Hujsak, Kelso, AIAA 2006-6753)`aiaa-2006-6753.sgp4-verification`	celestrak.org	Published verification data accompanying the AIAA 2006-6753 paper; no explicit licence stated	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`PROHIBITED`
USGS Earthquake Hazards Program GeoJSON summary feeds for the Maps live earthquake layer`usgs.earthquake.summary-feeds`	earthquake.usgs.gov	U.S. Government work (public domain); USGS asks that it be acknowledged as the source; approved… U.S. Government work (public domain); USGS asks that it be acknowledged as the source; approved with conditions by the repository owner on 2026-10-20 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-20-owner-hex-coherence, adopting the KEEP decision in docs/legal/LICENCE_DECISIONS_AND_AUDIT_2026-10-19.md)	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
USGS ShakeMap event products (grid.xml MMI / PGA grid and MMI contours) for live event response and exposure accumulation`usgs.shakemap.event-products`	earthquake.usgs.gov	U.S. Government work (public domain); USGS asks that it be acknowledged as the source; approved… U.S. Government work (public domain); USGS asks that it be acknowledged as the source; approved with conditions by the repository owner on 2026-10-16 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-16-owner-hex-integrations)	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
NOAA NHC / CPHC tropical cyclone advisory GIS (active storms, wind swath, forecast wind radii, forecast cone) for live event response`noaa.nhc.advisory-gis`	www.nhc.noaa.gov	U.S. Government work (NOAA/NWS), public domain; not to be modified and presented as official… U.S. Government work (NOAA/NWS), public domain; not to be modified and presented as official government material; no endorsement implied; approved with conditions by the repository owner on 2026-10-16 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-16-owner-hex-integrations)	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
NASA FIRMS near-real-time active fire detections (area API, VIIRS / MODIS) for the Maps live fire layer`nasa.firms.area-active-fires`	firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov	NASA Earth science data and information policy (no restriction on use; citation requested);… NASA Earth science data and information policy (no restriction on use; citation requested); FIRMS transaction limits per MAP_KEY	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
GTFS-Realtime vehicle positions from feeds registered by an administrator (per agency) for the Maps transit layer`gtfs-rt.tenant-registered-vehicle-positions`	gtfs.org	Per agency feed licence (recorded in the Geo Provider Registry licence acknowledgement note for each feed)	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
Fintraffic Digitraffic marine AIS positions and vessel metadata (Finnish AIS reporting area) for the Maps live vessel layer`fintraffic.digitraffic.marine-ais`	www.digitraffic.fi	CC-BY-4.0	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
Fintraffic Digitraffic road weather camera stations and preset images for the Maps live traffic camera layer`fintraffic.digitraffic.road-weathercam`	www.digitraffic.fi	CC-BY-4.0	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
IGN LiDAR HD classified point clouds (France; COPC LAZ, Lambert-93, IGN69 heights)`ign.lidar-hd.point-clouds`	www.data.gouv.fr	etalab-2.0	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
USGS 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) LiDAR as Entwine Point Tiles (AWS Open Data, usgs-lidar-public)`usgs.3dep.ept`	registry.opendata.aws	LicenseRef-US-Government-Public-Domain	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland AHN5 point clouds (LAZ per map sheet, RD New + NAP, EPSG:7415)`ahn.ahn5.point-clouds`	www.ahn.nl	CC0-1.0	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
Fields of the World global field boundaries (PRUE model predictions on Sentinel-2, GeoParquet partitioned by country)`ftw.global-field-boundaries`	source.coop	CC-BY-4.0	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
Public GIS portal directory (US federal, 50 states + DC, cities, counties, regional bodies; HUB Ocean Ocean Data Platform)`gis-portal-directory`	platform/source-registry/gis-portal-directory.yaml	NOASSERTION	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
GTFS Schedule (static) transit feeds uploaded by a workspace or read from a registered agency feed URL, for the transit feed registry and transit plans`gtfs-static.tenant-registered-schedule-feeds`	gtfs.org	Per agency feed licence, declared by the registering tenant per feed version (SPDX id or terms… Per agency feed licence, declared by the registering tenant per feed version (SPDX id or terms URL) and recorded with its attribution text	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
Open-Meteo weather and flood API data (forecast, archived forecasts, GloFAS river discharge)`open-meteo.weather-flood-data`	open-meteo.com	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`PROHIBITED`
NASA GIBS WMTS imagery (EPSG:4326) for the Water Nexus map`nasa.gibs.water-layers`	gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov	CC0-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
GPM IMERG precipitation rate (daily and half-hourly, near real time) via NASA GIBS`nasa.gpm.imerg`	gpm.nasa.gov	CC0-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
VIIRS near-real-time products via NASA GIBS: Global Flood Product (3-day), land surface temperature, NDSI snow cover, corrected reflectance`nasa.lance.viirs-water`	www.earthdata.nasa.gov	CC0-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
SMAP Level 4 analysed soil moisture (surface, root zone) and snow mass via NASA GIBS`nasa.smap.l4`	nsidc.org	CC0-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
GHRSST MUR sea surface temperature anomaly (MUR25) and sea ice concentration (MUR) via NASA GIBS`nasa.podaac.ghrsst-mur`	podaac.jpl.nasa.gov	CC0-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
GRACE and GRACE-FO JPL mascon liquid water equivalent thickness anomaly (monthly) via NASA GIBS`nasa.podaac.grace-fo-mascon`	grace.jpl.nasa.gov	CC0-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
GLDAS Noah land surface model underground soil moisture (monthly) via NASA GIBS`nasa.gesdisc.gldas`	ldas.gsfc.nasa.gov	CC0-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
NASA Blue Marble shaded relief and bathymetry (static composite) via NASA GIBS`nasa.earth-observatory.blue-marble`	earthobservatory.nasa.gov	CC0-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003 greyscale shaded relief via NASA GIBS`nasa-meti.aster-gdem-v3`	doi.org	CC0-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
NASA GIBS WMTS imagery (EPSG:4326) for the Energy, Food, Health and Biodiversity Nexus maps`nasa.gibs.field-layers`	gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov	CC0-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
NASA GIBS reference layers (Coastlines, Reference_Features, Reference_Labels), OpenStreetMap-derived, EPSG:3857`nasa.gibs.reference-osm`	gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov	ODbL-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights (daily VNP46A2 gap-filled radiance; 2016 composite) via NASA GIBS`nasa.laads.black-marble`	blackmarble.gsfc.nasa.gov	CC0-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
FIRMS VIIRS 375 m active fires and thermal anomalies (near real time, vector tiles) via NASA GIBS`nasa.lance.firms`	firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov	CC0-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
MERRA-2 reanalysis monthly incident shortwave over land and dust surface PM2.5 via NASA GIBS`nasa.gmao.merra2`	gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov	CC0-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
MODIS and VIIRS atmosphere products (aerosol optical depth, cloud fraction) via NASA GIBS`nasa.modis-viirs.atmosphere`	www.earthdata.nasa.gov	CC0-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
MODIS land products (NDVI, EVI, gross primary production, IGBP land cover) via NASA GIBS`nasa.modis-viirs.land`	lpdaac.usgs.gov	CC0-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
OMI tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (Aura) and OMPS aerosol index (Suomi NPP) via NASA GIBS`nasa.gesdisc.aura-omi-omps`	disc.gsfc.nasa.gov	CC0-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
MODIS Aqua ocean colour chlorophyll-a (Level 2) via NASA GIBS`nasa.obdaac.ocean-color`	oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov	CC0-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
WRI Global Power Plant Database v1.3.0 (2021) for the Energy Nexus map`wri.global-power-plant-database`	datasets.wri.org	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
WRI Aqueduct 4.0 baseline water risk (2023 release) summarised to hexagons for the Water and Food Nexus maps`wri.aqueduct-4`	www.wri.org	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
SEDAC Gridded Population of the World v4.11 population density (2020) via NASA GIBS for the Health Nexus map`sedac.gpw-v4`	doi.org	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
NASA GIBS WMTS imagery (EPSG:3857) for the live, observed and reference layers of the public context maps`nasa.gibs.context-live-layers`	gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov	CC0-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
NASA SEDAC settlement and urban heat layers via NASA GIBS (HBASE 2010, urban expansion to 2030, urban heat island 2013)`sedac.context-urban-layers`	gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
OpenStreetMap-derived place names and borders rendered by NASA GIBS (Reference_Labels_15m)`osm.gibs-reference-labels`	gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov	ODbL-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
Open-Meteo free API on the three non-profit public sites (forecast ensemble, air quality, flood, marine, ERA5 archive)`open-meteo.public-pages`	open-meteo.com	CC-BY-4.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`PROHIBITED`
NASA POWER daily point meteorology and solar data (public context maps)`nasa.power`	power.larc.nasa.gov	CC0-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalogue (JSON and CSV feeds) for the Technology and Digital Systems faculty incident timeline`cisa.kev-catalogue`	www.cisa.gov	CC0-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
TeleGeography Submarine Cable Map geocoded cable and landing-station data (not licensed; recorded so it is not used by accident)`telegeography.submarine-cable-map`	www.submarinecablemap.com	Underlying geocoded data: paid annual licence only ('With an annual license, you can use these… Underlying geocoded data: paid annual licence only ('With an annual license, you can use these data sets for interactive maps, data visualizations, and more', https://www2.telegeography.com/license-geocoded-map-data; 'Access to the underlying databases remains restricted to paying subscribers', https://www2.telegeography.com/cite-telegeography-map, both read 2026-10-17). Public map images: 'Any reference to a TeleGeography map, URL, or any related screen capture' is CC BY-SA 4.0 with credit; 'TeleGeography's interactive cable map is not an embeddable resource' (same page).	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`PROHIBITED`
OpenStreetMap submarine and terrestrial communication cables (communication=line features), build-time extract for the Technology and Digital Systems faculty twin`osm.submarine-cables`	www.openstreetmap.org	ODbL-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
United Nations Treaty Collection (treaties.un.org): status of multilateral treaties deposited with the Secretary-General and treaty membership (not admitted; UN terms)`un.treaty-collection`	treaties.un.org	Terms and Conditions of Use of United Nations Web Sites… Terms and Conditions of Use of United Nations Web Sites (https://www.un.org/en/about-us/terms-of-use, linked from the treaties.un.org footer, read 2026-10-17): permission to download and copy materials is 'for the User's personal, non-commercial use, without any right to resell or redistribute them or to compile or create derivative works therefrom' without permission; UN copyright notice (https://www.un.org/en/about-us/copyright, read 2026-10-17): 'All rights reserved' and no material 'may be used, reproduced or transmitted ... except as provided for in the Terms and Conditions of Use of United Nations Web Sites, without permission in writing from the publisher'	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`PROHIBITED`
UNdata (United Nations Statistics Division data portal) series on the Risk Academy non-profit public pages`un.data.public-pages`	data.un.org	UNdata terms of use (https://data.un.org/Host.aspx?Content=UNdataUse, read 2026-10-17): 'All… UNdata terms of use (https://data.un.org/Host.aspx?Content=UNdataUse, read 2026-10-17): 'All data and metadata provided on UNdata's website are available free of charge' and 'may be copied freely, duplicated and further distributed provided that UNdata is cited as the reference'; no commercial or non-commercial distinction and no automated-access restriction stated on the page	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
NASA SEDAC Global Agricultural Lands: Croplands, 2000 (CIESIN_SEDAC_AGLANDS_CROP2000 v1.0) for the Systems and Nexus Studies faculty twin`sedac.aglands-croplands-2000`	doi.org	NASA CMR use constraints for the collection… NASA CMR use constraints for the collection (https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/search/collections.umm_json?keyword=Global%20Agricultural%20Lands%20Croplands%202000, read 2026-10-17): 'Users are free to use, copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work for commercial and non-commercial purposes, without restriction, as long as clear attribution of the source is provided'; no LicenseURL or LicenseText field	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
USGS ShakeMap and PAGER event products (event detail GeoJSON, ShakeMap grid and MMI contours, PAGER alert level and exposure) on the Risk Academy non-profit public pages`usgs.shakemap-pager.public-pages`	earthquake.usgs.gov	U.S. Government work, public domain ('USGS-authored or produced data and information are… U.S. Government work, public domain ('USGS-authored or produced data and information are considered to be in the U.S. Public Domain'; 'When using information from USGS information products, publications, or websites, we ask that proper credit be given', https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits, read 2026-10-17)	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
Terrain Tiles (Terrarium PNG, elevation-tiles-prod on the AWS Registry of Open Data) as the browser-direct 3D terrain and hillshade of the Risk Academy twin builders`aws.terrain-tiles.academy-public`	elevation-tiles-prod.s3.amazonaws.com	LicenseRef-Terrain-Tiles-Composite-Open	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
NASA GIBS WMTS imagery (EPSG:3857) for the raster studio of the Risk Academy twin builders: true colour, sea surface temperature, land surface temperature, snow, sea ice, aerosols, night lights, precipitation, root-zone soil moisture, monthly air temperature and terrestrial water storage`nasa.gibs.academy-engine-layers`	gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov	CC0-1.0	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS) API (api.first.org) as a browser-direct input of the Risk Academy vulnerability triage generator`first.epss.academy-public`	api.first.org	LicenseRef-FIRST-EPSS-Free-Use	APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS	`ALLOWED`
OpenAlex scholarly graph (works, authors, institutions, sources, topics)`openalex.works`	openalex.org	CC0-1.0	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
Crossref REST API (bibliographic metadata of registered works)`crossref.rest-api`	api.crossref.org	Bibliographic metadata, almost none of it subject to copyright, usable for any purpose; some… Bibliographic metadata, almost none of it subject to copyright, usable for any purpose; some abstracts may be subject to publisher or author copyright (crossref.org REST API documentation, read 2026-10-19)	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
Wikidata structured data (Query Service and dumps)`wikidata.cc0`	www.wikidata.org	CC0-1.0	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`
Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) data via the Atmosphere Data Store`copernicus.cams.ads`	ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu	CC-BY-4.0	LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED	`LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED`

Dane û lîsans

Indicators and domains

451 nîşanker NIS-1, 106 kompozît, 20 indeksên qadan GRIx indicator catalogue

CLIAvhewa17 series
CONConflict10 series
FINFînans8 series
GOVRêveberî17 series
HAZMetirsî13 series
INFBinesazî16 series
CRSKrîz7 series
CYBSîber19 series
DEMDemography6 series
ECOAborî13 series
ENEEnerjî13 series
ENVJîngeh11 series
FISFiscal7 series
FOOXwarin10 series
HLTTenduristî12 series
MACMacro6 series
SOCCivak12 series
SPCSpace5 series
TECTeknolojî26 series
WATAv10 series

20 nîşanderên warên

GRIx Climate physical hazard indexNXS-GRX-AR-000112
GRIx Climate transition exposure indexNXS-GRX-AR-000113
GRIx Conflict risk indexNXS-GRX-AR-000114
GRIx Lack of coping capacity indexNXS-GRX-AR-000115
GRIx Cyber risk indexNXS-GRX-AR-000116
GRIx Displacement pressure indexNXS-GRX-AR-000117
GRIx External dependence risk indexNXS-GRX-AR-000118
GRIx Energy security risk indexNXS-GRX-AR-000119
GRIx Environmental pressure indexNXS-GRX-AR-000120
GRIx Financial stability risk indexNXS-GRX-AR-000121
GRIx Fiscal and public debt risk indexNXS-GRX-AR-000122
GRIx Food insecurity risk indexNXS-GRX-AR-000123
GRIx Governance weakness indexNXS-GRX-AR-000124
GRIx Multi-hazard exposure indexNXS-GRX-AR-000125
GRIx Health security risk indexNXS-GRX-AR-000126
GRIx Infrastructure fragility indexNXS-GRX-AR-000127
GRIx Socio-economic vulnerability indexNXS-GRX-AR-000128
GRIx Space-weather exposure indexNXS-GRX-AR-000129
GRIx Technology concentration risk indexNXS-GRX-AR-000130
GRIx Water security risk indexNXS-GRX-AR-000131

Nexus Standards

NRS-A5Lîsanskirin û maf ji destpêkê ve tê deLicensing: deny by default; withheld values are counted.
NRS-A7Gihîştin, zimanê sade û wergera standardanAccessibility: WCAG 2.2 AA on every page and figure.
NRS-C1Ferheng û ontolojiya xeterêVocabulary and ontology: NIS-1 indicators and NHS-1 hazards as the native terms.
NRS-C4Modela daneyên xeterê, nasker û pevguhertinRisk records, identifiers and exchange: UNIs, observation keys, SDMX-compatible series.
NRS-C8Delîl, nediyarî û eslê çavkaniyêEvery value carries its evidence class, interval and provenance; missing is never zero.
NRS-C12Eşkerekirin û raporkirina xeterêDisclosure and reporting: method versions, release notes, the correction log.
NRS-C13Nîşanderên xeterê û îndeksên pêkhatîConstruction of every index: normalisation, weighting, aggregation, sensitivity and uncertainty (OECD/JRC handbook).
NRS-I2Ragihandina xeterê û dashboardên ewle ji bo giştiyêRisk communication and public-safe dashboards: classes with probabilities, no league tables.
NRS-I3Kartên model û daneyan ji bo xeterêModel and data cards for every model version and dataset.
NRS-M22Tevna rêbazan: Daneyên xeterêRisk data: licence-gated sources, harmonisation, quality dimensions.
NRS-M23Tevna rêbazan: Piştrastkirina zanistîScientific assurance: validation, verification scorecards, replication packs.
NRS-S6System profile: GRIx (Canonical data, provenance and risk)The GRIx system profile: canonical data, provenance and risk.

Nexus Standards

Profîlên welatan

Filter countries195

Country profiles · the world

Her profîla welat çavkanî û lîsansa her nirxê dihewîne. Nirxekê rast bike an bersiv bide · hemû profîlên welatan

Qadên metirsî

905 hazards NHS-1, bi UNDRR-ISC HIPs re hatiye hevrêzkirin GRIx hazards

Atmosfer û hewa54 hazards · 8 families · 289 expert relationsNXS-GRX-AR-000135
Erdê hişk47 hazards · 6 families · 190 expert relationsNXS-GRX-AR-000138
Bûyerên pergalî û tevlihev47 hazards · 4 families · 257 expert relationsNXS-GRX-AR-000148
Pergalên avê41 hazards · 5 families · 318 expert relationsNXS-GRX-AR-000136
Qeşa û berf18 hazards · 3 families · 59 expert relationsNXS-GRX-AR-000137
Ezman û nêzî Erdê17 hazards · 2 families · 54 expert relationsNXS-GRX-AR-000139
Erd û ekosîstem39 hazards · 6 families · 207 expert relationsNXS-GRX-AR-000140
Sînorên gerstêrkî û biqelibîna pergala Erdê58 hazards · 7 families · 134 expert relationsNXS-GRX-AR-000141
Qirêjî û madeyên xeternak63 hazards · 9 families · 207 expert relationsNXS-GRX-AR-000142
Tenduristî û ewlehiya biyolojîk124 hazards · 21 families · 260 expert relationsNXS-GRX-AR-000143
Pergalên avakirî110 hazards · 13 families · 371 expert relationsNXS-GRX-AR-000144
Pergalên agahiyê û sîber-fîzîkî48 hazards · 6 families · 127 expert relationsNXS-GRX-AR-000145
Teknolojiya sînor û êkspôneşiyal109 hazards · 16 families · 186 expert relationsNXS-GRX-AR-000146
Civak, nakokî û aborî130 hazards · 14 families · 389 expert relationsNXS-GRX-AR-000147

Geodane û API

API a giştî not live

/api/v1/public/grixhttps://risksindex.com/api/v1/public/grix

Pêşdebir · Dane · Tevkarî bike

api.risksindex.com not live

UNI NS-1

NXS-<SCOPE>-<CAT>[-<DOMAIN>][-<SECTOR>][-<REGION>][-<ENV>]-<SERIAL>[@<VERSION>]https://nexustandards.com/uni/{uni}

UNIs are allocated by the Nexus Standards catalogue (NS1-R2), never typed by hand.

Maps and basemaps
- Nexşeya çavdêriya xetereyêlivevekirî
- Self-hosted vector basemapgatedpublic
- Terrain and elevationgatedpublic
- Administrative boundariestestedplatform
Vector tiles
- GRIx risk product tilestestedpublic
- Tenant risk product tilestestedenterprise
- Hexagon lens tilestestedplatform
- Tile enginesgatedplatform
Raster and imagery
- Satellite imagery overlaysgatedvekirî
- Cloud-optimised raster tilesgatedplatform
- STAC mosaic tilesgatedplatform
- Earth-observation datacubestestedplatform
Catalogues and standard APIs
- STAC APIbuiltplatform
- OGC API Processesbuiltplatform
- OGC API DGGSbuiltplatform
- 3D Tiles and point cloudsgatedplatform
Spatial science and GeoAI
- Exposure on H3 cellstestedenterprise
- Geostatistical interpolationtestedenterprise
- Spatial autocorrelationbuiltenterprise
- Spatially blocked validationtestedenterprise
- Conflict exposure on H3 cellsbuiltenterprise
- Change detection from imagerytestedplatform
- GeoAI labellingbuiltplatform
- Earth-observation foundation modelsgatedplatform
- Spatial risk fieldsbuiltplatform
Live feeds and nowcasting
- Natural eventsgatedvekirî
- Erdhejgatedvekirî
- Precipitation and cloud nowcast imagerygatedvekirî
- Nowcasting modelsplankirîenterprise

Mirov · GHSL 2025Mirov · WorldPop 2025Qada avakirîBenderBalafirgehRêRêhesinÇem û xetên navîn ên gol Made with Natural Earth, Public domain

Live

Bûyerên xwezayî (NASA EONET)NASA EONET · 1 h
–not loaded
Erdhejên M4.5+, hefteya borî (USGS)U.S. Geological Survey · 5 min
–not loaded

Research and risk-analytics information: not a rating, an official classification, a warning, a benchmark or advice.

Darayiya giştî û deynê serwerî

Bring an exposure or capital question to the Alliance.

Agahî û pirs îro vekirî ne. Pirsek referansekê distîne û gava piştî wê dide nasîn; serlêdan, drav, veqetandina hesabkirinê û tomarkirin tenê dema ku tîm, mercên wê û kapasîteya vekolînê hebin vedibin.

Propose a readiness pilot Hemû rêyên têkiliyê bibînin

Hiqûqî

Belgeyên hiqûqî.

Nexşe, dane û jimarên vê malperê ji bo çarçoveyê û agahiyên giştî têne nîşandan. Ew ne şîret, ne pêşbînî û ne hişyarî ne; sînorên agahiyê di Daxuyaniyên Berpirsiyariyê û Daxuyaniyên Daneyê de hatine diyarkirin.

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`bp-activity`browser storage	Strictly necessaryCommunity directories (BuddyPress)	As the provider sets it	First party
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`bp-members`browser storage	Strictly necessaryCommunity directories (BuddyPress)	As the provider sets it	First party
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`bp-messages`browser storage	Strictly necessaryCommunity directories (BuddyPress)	As the provider sets it	First party

Darayiya giştî û deynê serwerî

21 pages under Public Finance and Sovereign Debt.

Ya ku xebat li hember wê tê xwendin.

Debt sustainability console.

Pirsên ku ev war li ser dixebite.

Sovereign debt sustainability

Fiscal contingent liabilities

Subnational fiscal risk

Commodity and revenue risk

Public investment efficiency

Social and health expenditure

Climate and disaster fiscal risk

Debt transparency and data

Sovereign debt paths and the odds of breaching a threshold.

Rêbaz

Dane

The areas of sovereign and public finance this platform takes on.

Berdewamiya deyn

Contingent liabilities

Subnational fiscal risk

Commodity and revenue risk

Public investment efficiency

Social and health expenditure

Climate and disaster fiscal risk

Debt transparency and data

Trace a shock in Public Finance and Sovereign Debt to the balance sheet.

What Public Finance and Sovereign Debt does.

Civaka wê

Rêbazên wê

Derketinên wê

What Public Finance and Sovereign Debt means for exposure, loss and capital.

Capital, solvency and fiscal indicators

Financing instruments by layer

Public balance sheets absorb the shocks others cannot.

Hazard geography and debt that can pause.

Shared understanding, not lending or advice.

Sovereign risk briefs

Public-finance readiness methods

Debt sustainability concepts

Methods from the STEM Commons, partners across the Consortium.

Li ser zanist, teknolojî, endezyarî û matematîka bi nav hatiye avakirin.

Kar di vî warî de çawa dimeşe.

Ev di nav şeş stûnan de çawa dixebite.

Radestkirinên di xebatê de

Heman qad, bi sê awayan hatiye dîtin.

Pages in Public Finance and Sovereign Debt.

Industry scope and publisher

Financial discipline overview

Professional research

Technology and emerging practices

Resilience and finance readiness

Research and industry programmes

Analytical and data resources

Professional community

Fêrbûna pîşeyî

Professional meetings

Reports and sector briefs

Membership and research participation

Contact the industry platform

Antitrust, independence and financial perimeter

STEM foundation of Public Finance and Sovereign Debt

Kar di vî warî de çawa dimeşe

Di Foundry de ava bike

Ceribandin li Universe

Di Reports de biweşîne

Heman qad li seranserê Konsorsiyûmê

Mijar

Ev rûpel li ser Konsorsiyûmê te ber bi kû ve dibe.

Pirs û bersiv.

Ji vê rûpelê delîl bidin.

How Public Finance and Sovereign Debt works.

How Public Finance and Sovereign Debt works

How Public Finance and Sovereign Debt works

01 Çarçove

02 Delîl

03 Work

04 Biweşîne

Take part in Public Finance and Sovereign Debt.

Saziyên neteweyî

Sektor û pîşe