Volatility and regime models
GARCH and regime-switching models describe how volatility clusters and when markets move between calm and stressed regimes, with regime probabilities reported rather than certainties.
GRA · Capital Markets Nexus
Spatial financeWhere capital meets hazard, exposure and transition
Econometrics for capital markets
Econometrics turns market data into estimates with stated uncertainty: volatility regimes, liquidity premia, spillovers between markets and the price response to news and policy. In capital markets it supplies the measures behind most indicators and the tests that show when a relationship has changed.
01Qeyd
Econometrics for capital markets on the record.
Method recordSTEM method
- RêbazEkonometrî
- ParêzvanPêşketina aborî
- Applied inCapital Markets Nexus
- Dane4 inputs
- Checks3 validation steps
- Canonical pageSTEM Commons
02Serlêdan
What econometrics does here.
Econometrics applies statistical methods to economic data to estimate relationships, test theories and forecast. It provides empirical evidence on how shocks and policies affect economic outcomes. In capital markets and investment and financial stability, econometric evidence estimates how disasters, pandemics and financial shocks affect output, employment and prices. It informs the economic case for risk reduction. The canonical description is on the STEM Commons.
Event studies
Abnormal returns around announcements, policy decisions or geopolitical events are estimated against a model of normal returns, with the estimation window and benchmark stated.
Liquidity measurement
Bid-ask spreads, price impact and illiquidity ratios are estimated from trade and quote data, and their agreement across measures is checked before any one is relied on.
03Çavdêrî bike
Econometric model.
The screen a team would use to follow this method: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.
Econometric model
Capital markets · Econometrics for capital markets · Run R-3425
Estimates stableGRA · Capital Markets Nexus
Estimates
robust standard errors
| Bid-ask spread | 0.15 | 0.11 | [−0.1, 1.0] | Na |
| Market depth | −0.38 | 0.07 | [−0.3, 0.8] | Erê |
| Initial margin | −0.40 | 0.19 | [−0.2, 0.9] | Erê |
| Settlement fails | 0.13 | 0.14 | [−0.1, 0.9] | Na |
Method card
- Rêbaz
- Ekonometrî
- Sample
- 9960 obs
- Sêwirandin
- panel, fixed effects
- Nîşan
- MODELKIRÎ
Residuals by group
04Dane
What the method consumes.
Datasets and records used by econometrics on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in the source register.
| Dane | Rol | Nîşan |
|---|---|---|
| Trade and quote data | Liquidity and volatility estimation | ÇAVDÊRÎKIRÎ |
| Index and security returns | Event studies and regime models | ÇAVDÊRÎKIRÎ |
| Announcement and policy calendars | Event dating | Statîstîkên weşandî |
| Financial stress indices | Regime identification | MODELKIRÎ |
05Exposure, loss and capital
What econometrics for capital markets means for exposure, loss and capital.
The exposure, loss, scenario and capital views a risk officer, supervisor or ministry of finance would ask for, with the frameworks they report against. Structures follow supervisory and actuarial practice. Values are illustrative: never prices, ratings or advice.
Capital, solvency and fiscal indicators
The indicators a risk officer, supervisor or ministry of finance reads first on econometrics for capital markets.
| Indicator | Unit | Who reads it | Framework |
|---|---|---|---|
| CET1 ratio | % of risk-weighted assets | Banks, supervisors | Basel framework |
| Liquidity coverage ratio | % of stressed outflows | Banks, central banks | Basel framework |
| Solvency ratio | % of solvency capital requirement | Insurers, supervisors | IAIS Insurance Core Principles |
| Combined ratio | % of earned premium | Insurers | Actuarial practice |
| Protection gap | uninsured share of economic loss | Insurers, ministries of finance | Published loss statistics |
| Public debt | % of GDP | Ministries of finance, IMF | Debt Sustainability Framework |
| Gross financing needs | % of GDP per year | Ministries of finance, investors | Debt Sustainability Framework |
NGFS climate scenarios · Network for Greening the Financial SystemIFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosures · ISSBTCFD recommendations · Financial Stability Board TCFDPrinciples for the effective management of climate-related financial risks · Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
06Erêkirin
How results are checked.
Models are assessed through specification tests, robustness checks and out-of-sample performance. Results are compared across datasets and methods.
| Kontrol bikin | How it is done |
|---|---|
| Structural break tests | Stability is tested before a relationship estimated in one period is applied to another |
| Robustness to specification | Results are compared across estimation windows, benchmarks and model forms |
| Out-of-sample evaluation | Volatility and liquidity models are scored on periods not used in estimation |
Endogeneity, measurement error and structural change can bias estimates. Relationships may shift under extreme conditions.
07Pêvajo
Pêvajo çawa dimeşe.
Process explorer · Process
Econometrics for capital markets: PRISMA 2020 review reporting
10 steps·4 qonax
Pêvajo
Econometrics for capital markets: PRISMA 2020 review reporting
PRISMA 2020 is a reporting guideline for systematic reviews; the steps follow its checklist, not a mandated sequence, and no Nexus document adopts it.
01 Plan
- 01Registration and protocolRecord · The review teamThe guideline asks for registration details, access to the protocol and any amendments.
- 02Eligibility criteriaRecord · The review teamThe guideline asks for the inclusion and exclusion criteria and how studies were grouped.
02 Find and select
- 03Search: sources and strategiesStep · The review teamThe guideline asks for the information sources and the full search strategies. It does not fix which sources are used.
- 04Selection of studiesStep · The review teamThe guideline asks how studies were judged eligible, including how many reviewers screened. It does not fix the number of reviewers.
- 05Flow diagramTomarThe flow diagram shows the number of records found, the number of studies included and the reasons for exclusion.
03 Analyse
- 06Data collectionStep · The review teamThe guideline asks how data were collected from reports and which data items were sought.
- 07Risk of biasStep · The review teamThe guideline asks for the methods and tools used to assess risk of bias.
- 08SynthesisModel · The review teamThe guideline asks for the effect measures and the synthesis methods. It does not prescribe meta-analysis.
- 09Bawerî bi delîlanStep · The review teamThe guideline asks for the methods used to assess certainty, and reports the result per outcome. It does not name a grading scale.
04 Report
- 10Review reportTomarThe guideline helps authors report why the review was done, what they did and what they found.
rêzeya Pergalên StratejîkOutline of an externally published reporting guideline, not a Nexus process and not a record of operation. PRISMA 2020 mainly covers reviews of intervention effects. No Nexus page names it. Every programme is at service level R0.
08Connections
Topics that rely on this method.
09Stewardship
Who maintains the method.
Pêşketina aborî stewards econometrics for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.
10Girêdayî
Ev rûpel li ser Konsorsiyûmê te ber bi kû ve dibe.
11Pirs
Pirs û bersiv.
What are the limits of econometrics in this field?
Endogeneity, measurement error and structural change can bias estimates. Relationships may shift under extreme conditions.
How are results checked?
Models are assessed through specification tests, robustness checks and out-of-sample performance. Results are compared across datasets and methods.
Are the values on this page real?
The data names, roles and checks are real descriptions of practice. The canvas shows a design of the method’s use, not a run; no result is reported here.
Where else is this method applied?
Çavdêrxaneya canonical method page lists every platform that applies it.
rêzeya Pergalên StratejîkTevkarî bike
Ji vê rûpelê delîl bidin.
Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
Global Risks AllianceCapital Markets NexusXetere û berxwedana sektorî ya cîhanîSenaryo û ceribandina stresê
- E-nameGateway GW-GRAJi vê rûpelê bişîninDelîl, rastkirin, doz, rêbaz, nirxandin, wergerandin an têketina profîlê. Bi nîşana vê rûpelê digihîje, ji ber vê yekê edîtorê xwediyê wê wê bistîne.
- ZenodoDepoya vekirîWê razînin û ji civakê re bişîninTomara xwe li Zenodo bi ORCID iD ya xwe biweşînin, paşê wê li wir ji civaka Reports re bişînin. Kurator wê vedikolin; DOI ya we dimîne.
- rêzeya Pergalên StratejîkGlobal Risks AllianceHemû rêyên beşdariyê bibîneCureyên beşdariyê, her yek çawa tê nirxandin, tu çi navlêkirinê distînî, lîsans û tiştê ku qet nayê qebûlkirin.
Tu carî daneyên şexsî, hûrgiliyên binesaza hesas an tiştekî ku mafê we yê parvekirinê tune ne neşînin. Beşdarî berî bikaranînê tê nirxandin; şandina wê nivîskarî an mafên edîtorî nade û sponsorî tu carî encamekê nakire.
Capital Markets Nexus
Bring an exposure or capital question to the Alliance.
Agahî û pirs îro vekirî ne. Pirsek referansekê distîne û gava piştî wê dide nasîn; serlêdan, drav, veqetandina hesabkirinê û tomarkirin tenê dema ku tîm, mercên wê û kapasîteya vekolînê hebin vedibin.
Hiqûqî
Belgeyên hiqûqî.
Nexşe, dane û jimarên vê malperê ji bo çarçoveyê û agahiyên giştî têne nîşandan. Ew ne şîret, ne pêşbînî û ne hişyarî ne; sînorên agahiyê di Daxuyaniyên Berpirsiyariyê û Daxuyaniyên Daneyê de hatine diyarkirin.