Volatility and regime models
GARCH and regime-switching models describe how volatility clusters and when markets move between calm and stressed regimes, with regime probabilities reported rather than certainties.
GRA · Capital Markets Nexus
Spatial financeDonde el capital se encuentra con la amenaza, la exposición y la transición
Econometrics turns market data into estimates with stated uncertainty: volatility regimes, liquidity premia, spillovers between markets and the price response to news and policy. In capital markets it supplies the measures behind most indicators and the tests that show when a relationship has changed.
Econometrics applies statistical methods to economic data to estimate relationships, test theories and forecast. It provides empirical evidence on how shocks and policies affect economic outcomes. In capital markets and investment and financial stability, econometric evidence estimates how disasters, pandemics and financial shocks affect output, employment and prices. It informs the economic case for reducción del riesgo. The canonical description is on el bien común CTIM.
GARCH and regime-switching models describe how volatility clusters and when markets move between calm and stressed regimes, with regime probabilities reported rather than certainties.
Abnormal returns around announcements, policy decisions or geopolitical events are estimated against a model of normal returns, with the estimation window and benchmark stated.
Bid-ask spreads, price impact and illiquidity ratios are estimated from trade and quote data, and their agreement across measures is checked before any one is relied on.
La pantalla que utilizaría un equipo para seguir este método: sus mediciones, estados y decisiones. Los nombres son ejemplos y los valores son ilustrativos.
Capital markets · Econometrics for capital markets · Run R-3425
errores estándar robustos
| Diferencial entre oferta y demanda | 0.15 | 0.11 | [−0.1, 1.0] | No |
| Market depth | −0.38 | 0.07 | [−0.3, 0.8] | Sí |
| Margen inicial | −0.40 | 0.19 | [−0.2, 0.9] | Sí |
| Fallos de liquidación | 0.13 | 0.14 | [−0.1, 0.9] | No |
Datasets and records used by econometrics on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in el registro de fuentes.
| Datos | Función | Etiqueta |
|---|---|---|
| Trade and quote data | Liquidity and volatility estimation | OBSERVADO |
| Index and security returns | Event studies and regime models | OBSERVADO |
| Announcement and policy calendars | Event dating | Estadísticas publicadas |
| Financial stress indices | Regime identification | MODELIZADO |
Las vistas de exposición, pérdida, escenarios y capital que pediría un responsable de riesgos, un supervisor o un ministerio de finanzas, con los marcos con arreglo a los cuales informan. Las estructuras siguen la práctica supervisora y actuarial. Los valores son ilustrativos: nunca precios, calificaciones ni asesoramiento.
The indicators a risk officer, supervisor or ministry of finance reads first on econometrics for capital markets.
| Indicador | Unidad | Quién lo lee | Marco |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ratio CET1 | % de los activos ponderados por riesgo | Bancos, supervisores | Marco de Basilea |
| Ratio de cobertura de liquidez | % de las salidas en situación de estrés | Bancos, bancos centrales | Marco de Basilea |
| Ratio de solvencia | % del capital de solvencia obligatorio | Aseguradoras, supervisores | Principios Básicos de Seguros de la IAIS |
| Ratio combinado | % de la prima devengada | Aseguradoras | Práctica actuarial |
| Brecha de protección | proporción no asegurada de la pérdida económica | Aseguradoras, ministerios de finanzas | Estadísticas de pérdidas publicadas |
| Deuda pública | % del PIB | Ministerios de finanzas, FMI | Marco de sostenibilidad de la deuda |
| Necesidades brutas de financiación | % del PIB por año | Ministerios de finanzas, inversionistas | Marco de sostenibilidad de la deuda |
Models are assessed through specification tests, robustness checks and out-of-sample performance. Results are compared across datasets and methods.
| Verificación | Cómo se hace |
|---|---|
| Structural break tests | Stability is tested before a relationship estimated in one period is applied to another |
| Robustness to specification | Results are compared across estimation windows, benchmarks and model forms |
| Out-of-sample evaluation | Volatility and liquidity models are scored on periods not used in estimation |
Endogeneity, measurement error and structural change can bias estimates. Relationships may shift under extreme conditions.
Process explorer · Process
10 steps·4 etapas
Proceso
PRISMA 2020 es una directriz de comunicación para revisiones sistemáticas; los pasos siguen su lista de verificación, no una secuencia obligatoria, y ningún documento de Nexus la adopta.
InformesOutline of an externally published reporting guideline, not a Nexus process and not a record of operation. PRISMA 2020 mainly covers reviews of intervention effects. No Nexus page names it. Every programme is at service level R0.
Desarrollo económico stewards econometrics for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.
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