GRA · Financial Stability
Spatial financeWhere capital meets hazard, exposure and transition
Financial Stability
System-wide vulnerabilities, contagion, nonbank intermediation and institutional recovery questions. Financial Stability is an established platform of The Global Risks Alliance.
- STEM methods
- 5
- Canonical methods this field applies
- Topics
- 8
- Subject pages in the field
- Counterparts
- 6
- Platforms in shared fields across the network
- Report series
- 2
- Reports series it contributes to
How the work runs.
Systemic risk dashboard
Financial system · Committee meeting 3
Vulnerabilities heat map
percentile vs history, 0 to 100
Exposure network
red: most connected node
Credit-to-GDP gap
Fig.Systemic risk dashboard: example names and illustrative values, not a record or a live system.
What the work is read against.
The platform does not set standards. It reads its evidence against the frameworks that competent bodies have adopted, so a finding can be placed where a decision-maker already works.
| Framework or standard | Body | What it sets |
|---|---|---|
| Basel III framework | Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) | Capital, leverage and liquidity standards for banks, including the liquidity coverage ratio, net stable funding ratio and the framework for global systemically important banks |
| Key Attributes of Effective Resolution Regimes for Financial Institutions | Financial Stability Board (FSB) | Powers and tools resolution authorities need to resolve failing firms without taxpayer support, including bail-in and cross-border cooperation |
| FSB work programme on nonbank financial intermediation | Financial Stability Board | Policy recommendations on money market funds, open-ended fund liquidity, margining, liquidity preparedness for margin calls and leverage in nonbank intermediation |
| Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures | CPMI and IOSCO | Standards for payment systems, central securities depositories, securities settlement systems, central counterparties and trade repositories |
| Holistic Framework for systemic risk in the insurance sector | International Association of Insurance Supervisors (IAIS) | Supervisory policy measures, global monitoring and implementation assessment for systemic risk from insurance |
| Financial Sector Assessment Program | International Monetary Fund and World Bank | In-depth assessments of a country’s financial sector stability and development, mandatory for systemically important jurisdictions |
| IOSCO recommendations for liquidity risk management for collective investment schemes | International Organization of Securities Commissions | Expectations for managing liquidity in open-ended funds, including liquidity management tools and anti-dilution measures |
| Macroprudential policy framework | European Systemic Risk Board and national macroprudential authorities | Countercyclical capital buffers, systemic risk buffers, borrower-based measures and reciprocity of national measures |
How a shock to assets becomes a system loss.
The equity the system loses after interbank contagion, against the initial hit, as leverage, interconnection and recovery rates change, the core of a macroprudential stress test. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction.
Controls
- Fall in external assets
- 2.0%
- Leverage (assets over equity)
- 10 times
- Interbank share of assets
- 10%
- Recovery on interbank claims
- 40%
- Banks in the system
- 20
- Core banks
- 20% of banks
Readouts
- Equity lost to the initial shock
- 18.0%
- Equity lost after contagion
- 45.0%
- Added by contagion (DebtRank)
- 27.0 points
- Banks in default
- 0
Numbers, methods and sources
| Round | System equity lost (%) | Banks in default |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 18.00 | 0 |
| 1 | 28.80 | 0 |
| 2 | 35.28 | 0 |
| 3 | 39.17 | 0 |
| 4 | 41.50 | 0 |
| 5 | 42.90 | 0 |
| 6 | 43.74 | 0 |
| 7 | 44.24 | 0 |
| 8 | 44.55 | 0 |
| 9 | 44.73 | 0 |
| 10 | 44.84 | 0 |
| 11 | 44.90 | 0 |
| 12 | 44.94 | 0 |
| 13 | 44.96 | 0 |
| 14 | 44.98 | 0 |
| 15 | 44.99 | 0 |
| 16 | 44.99 | 0 |
| 17 | 45.00 | 0 |
| 18 | 45.00 | 0 |
| 19 | 45.00 | 0 |
| 20 | 45.00 | 0 |
| 21 | 45.00 | 0 |
| 22 | 45.00 | 0 |
| 23 | 45.00 | 0 |
| 24 | 45.00 | 0 |
| 25 | 45.00 | 0 |
| 26 | 45.00 | 0 |
| 27 | 45.00 | 0 |
| 28 | 45.00 | 0 |
| 29 | 45.00 | 0 |
| 30 | 45.00 | 0 |
Methods
- DebtRank Battiston and others (2012), Scientific Reports 2:541
- Differential DebtRank Bardoscia and others (2015), PLOS ONE 10
- Contagion in financial networks Gai and Kapadia (2010), Proc. R. Soc. A 466
- Clearing in financial networks Eisenberg and Noe (2001), Management Science 47
- Uncertainty fan (parameter Monte Carlo) Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333
- One-at-a-time sensitivity (tornado) Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley
Data
No observed data enters this model: it runs on the teaching values set by the controls, to be replaced with a programme’s own evidence.
Across the six pillars, led by Nexus Consortium
- Experiments Labs
- Built in Financial Stability in Foundry
- Tested at Financial Stability in Universe
- Codified in Finance, Insurance and the Economy in Standards
- Published in Financial Stability in Reports
- Taught in Faculty of Finance and Economics in Academy
The questions this field works on.
Systemic interconnectedness
Banks, insurers and nonbanks linked through exposures.
TopicNonbank financial intermediation
Funds, credit and liquidity connections.
TopicLiquidity and market stress
Funding shortages and correlated behaviour.
TopicContagion and fire sales
Amplification pathways across markets.
TopicCross border financial risk
Global funding and currency spillovers.
TopicCrisis management and resolution
Recovery, resolution and public authority boundaries.
TopicStress testing methods
Scenario, sensitivity and model limits.
TopicReal economy feedback
Risk transmission to jobs, services and public finance.
Trace a shock in Financial Stability to the balance sheet.
Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile Financial stability and prudential risk: the shocks it names, the systems and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Pick an initiating shock and step through the cascade to see which exposures it reaches and where losses could concentrate. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every weight is a stated assumption. An exercise, not a forecast, a valuation, a rating or investment advice. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.
Hazards
- Dam failure
- River flood (set off downstream)
- Flash flood (set off downstream)
- Mass displacement (set off downstream)
- Widespread power outage (set off downstream)
- Water supply shortfall (set off downstream)
Systems and couplings
Controls
NS-0Constitution and principlesNS-3Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)NS-9Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)NS-10Policies and clauses (machine-readable obligations: definition, binding, evaluation and enforcement)NS-11Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)NS-14Conformance and crosswalk to external standardsNRS-H62Hazard family: Compound and multi-hazard events (NHS-1 sys.compound)NRS-H113Hazard family: Financial-system fragility (NHS-1 soc.financial-system)NRS-H118Hazard family: Organised crime and illicit economies (NHS-1 soc.crime)NRS-H79Hazard family: Mental health crises (NHS-1 health.mental)NRS-U9Universe platform profile: Financial Regulation NexusNRS-C5Scenarios and stress testing
Observation
- BIS Data Portal (credit, debt service, property prices, banking statistics) (listed for reference)
- IMF data services (WEO, IFS, FSI via SDMX) (listed for reference)
- OECD Data Explorer (SDMX API) (listed for reference)
- Financial Soundness Indicators
- Macroeconomic Dashboard
Example geography
- Western Europe: 152 hexagonal cells
- Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day/Night Band), NASA GIBS
- Surface water through cloud, 30 m (OPERA DSWx-S1 radar), NASA GIBS
- Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG), NASA GIBS
- Surface soil moisture (SMAP), NASA GIBS
What Financial Stability does.
Financial stability is the condition in which the financial system can absorb shocks and keep providing credit, payments and risk transfer. Global Risks Alliance’s platform explains how stress spreads through interconnectedness, nonbank leverage, liquidity spirals and contagion, and how stress tests and resolution respond. It does not forecast markets.
Its community
Macroprudential researchers; systemic-risk analysts; bank and market professionals.
Its methods
Network analysis; stress scenarios; financial stability research.
Its outputs
Systemic vulnerability briefings; cross-sector scenarios.
What Financial Stability means for exposure, loss and capital.
The exposure, loss, scenario and capital views a risk officer, supervisor or ministry of finance would ask for, with the frameworks they report against. Structures follow supervisory and actuarial practice. Values are illustrative: never prices, ratings or advice.
Transmission channels
How a shock in Financial Stability reaches credit, market, underwriting, liquidity and operational risk, and feeds back.
Scenario pathways
How Financial Stability could be stressed under the scenario families central banks and supervisors use.
| Scenario family | Transition risk | Physical risk | What a stress test asks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Orderly | Early, gradual policy | Lower | Can the book absorb a steady repricing? |
| Disorderly | Late, abrupt policy | Lower to medium | What breaks under a sudden repricing and credit migration? |
| Hot house world | Limited policy | High and rising | Where do physical losses concentrate in collateral and insurance? |
Systemic risk is more than the sum of individual risks.
Each bank, insurer, fund or market infrastructure can look sound on its own while the system as a whole is fragile. Systemic risk arises from the connections between institutions and from their shared behaviour. When many firms hold similar assets, depend on the same short-term funding or use similar models, a shock that forces one to sell can lower prices for all, turning individual prudence into collective distress.
Financial history shows recurring patterns. Credit and asset prices rise together in booms, leverage and maturity mismatch accumulate, and risk migrates to parts of the system that are less visible or less regulated. When confidence breaks, funding runs, fire sales and counterparty fears spread stress across markets and borders far faster than fundamentals change. The consequences reach households and governments: lost jobs, lost savings, curtailed credit and public costs that can last for years.
Today the system is more diverse than in past crises. Nonbank intermediaries, such as investment funds, private credit vehicles, insurers and pension funds, play larger roles; markets are faster and more automated; and new sources of shock, from climate to cyber, interact with old vulnerabilities. No single firm can see the whole. That is why shared, system-level understanding matters: it lets each institution see how its own position fits into a pattern of exposures and behaviours that only becomes visible when the system is examined as a whole.
Settlement dependencies, and what fails with a node.
How a failure at one financial centre can spread through settlement links. Design links, not real dependencies.
System-level research for the profession.
Financial Stability is designed for macroprudential researchers, systemic-risk analysts and bank and market professionals. Its methods are network analysis, stress scenarios and financial stability research.
Systemic vulnerability briefings
Analysis of vulnerabilities that build across institutions and markets, with methods and uncertainty.
Cross-sector scenarios
Research scenarios that trace how shocks travel between banks, nonbanks, markets and the real economy.
Shared methods
Open methods for network and stress analysis that the industry can examine and reuse.
GRA is a nonprofit business league for the financial services industry. It does not lend, underwrite, rate, invest, advise on or arrange transactions, introduce counterparties or take transaction-based pay, and readiness work is not approval. GRA does not conduct macroprudential policy or supervisory stress tests.
Five methods and six counterparts.
The platform rests on five canonical methods: financial economics and macro-finance, network science and contagion, complex systems and agent-based modelling, scenario design and stress testing and econometrics. It is the steward of financial economics for GRA platforms; see the STEM foundation of Financial Stability.
The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) supplies systems science through Systems Modelling and Risk Management. Global Risks Forum (GRF) convenes governance dialogue through Capital Nexus, Policy, Governance and Foresight. Within GRA, the platform works with Banking Nexus, Private Credit and Capital Markets Nexus.
The areas of financial stability this platform takes on.
Financial Stability studies how stress in one part of the financial system reaches the rest: through balance-sheet links between banks, insurers and funds, through leverage and liquidity mismatch outside the banking sector, through fire sales and margin calls, across borders, and back into lending and the real economy. Its pages set out the mechanisms, measures, data, methods and decisions behind systemic risk, stress testing and resolution, with every source labelled. Global Risks Alliance shares industry understanding and does not forecast markets or give investment advice.
Interconnectedness
Exposures between banks, insurers, funds, central counterparties and sovereigns, and how they transmit losses and funding stress.
Nonbank intermediation
Money market funds, investment funds, hedge funds, private credit and other nonbanks that perform credit and liquidity transformation.
Liquidity and market stress
Market liquidity, funding liquidity, margin calls and the conditions under which core markets stop functioning.
Contagion and fire sales
Forced selling, common exposures, runs and confidence effects that spread losses beyond the first institution hit.
Cross-border risk
Capital flows, dollar funding, global banks and spillovers between financial systems.
Crisis management and resolution
Lender of last resort, deposit insurance, resolution regimes and the tools authorities use when firms fail.
Stress testing
Supervisory, system-wide and macroprudential stress tests, their scenarios, models and limits.
Real-economy feedback
How financial stress reaches credit, investment and employment, and how real shocks return to the financial system.
Built on named science, technology, engineering and mathematics.
Every claim on Financial Stability rests on methods with a canonical page in the STEM Commons, so readers can see what a finding depends on and where its limits lie.
How work moves in this field.
A question becomes evidence, a governed build, an organised community, a controlled test, a reviewed publication and, finally, a decision taken by the competent authority under its own rules.
- Question Universe National, regional or institutional priority. Question in Financial Stability
- Evidence Foundry STEM foundation of the platform. Evidence in Financial Stability
- Build Foundry Foundry. Build in Financial Stability
- Organise Universe Nexus ecosystem. Organise in Financial Stability
- Test Universe Universe (independent site). Test in Financial Stability
- Publish Reports Reports. Publish in Financial Stability
- Decide Competent authority Competent authorities and institutions, through NXS-RLS (participants, agreements and handoffs). Decide in Financial Stability
- Renew Universe Corrections and the next annual agenda. Renew in Financial Stability
Each step of the cycle in the pillar it runs in; the decision stays with the competent authority, outside the programme.
- Labs
- Foundry
- Universe
- Nexus Standards
- Reports
- Risk Academy
- Competent authority (outside the programme)
How this works across the six pillars.
Financial Stability works through six pillars of one annual programme, led by the Nexus Consortium, with GCRI, GRF and GRA each contributing in its role: explore, experiment and prototype in Labs, build, simulate and prepare in Foundry, convene and test in Universe, codify, correct and apply in Nexus Standards, publish in every format in Reports, teach in the open in Risk Academy.
handoff in playrecorded handoffno direct handoff
Programme yearAll phases
Route
The whole programme
Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year’s feedback loops.
L · F · U · S · R · A
- Pillars
- 6 of 6
- Handoffs
- 18 of 18
- Loops
- 17 closed
Handoffs in play
- F01Universe → Foundry · Admitted mission becomes a cycle project with a decision caseReadiness preparation
- F02Foundry → Universe · Core Build Report and go or no-go evidenceControlled build
- F03Foundry → Reports · Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profileCloseout
- F04Universe → Reports · After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13After-action review
and 14 more
- LabsWhere questions become experiments and prototypes: new methods, data and tools are tried in the open, with their limits on record, before the Foundry builds them, under the Nexus Consortium.Labs
- FoundryWhere exposure and scenario evidence is built so supervisors, insurers and investors can read it.Financial Stability in FoundryFoundry
- UniverseWhere scenarios are tested in controlled exercises, and finance-readiness dialogues read what they mean for capital and cover.Financial Stability in Universeuniverse.nexus
- Nexus StandardsWhere disclosure and data rules are codified so risk evidence is comparable for finance and insurance.Finance, Insurance and the Economy in Standardsnexustandards.com
- ReportsWhere sector analysis and the finance and insurance readiness series are published, with exposure and limits stated.Financial Stability in ReportsReports
- Risk AcademyWhere finance, insurance and public-finance professionals learn to read risk evidence, on Risk Academy.Faculty of Finance and Economics in Academyrisksacademy.com
The same field, seen three ways.
GCRI studies a field as science, GRF governs it and GRA builds shared financial understanding of it. Financial Stability links to its counterparts so that work on one side is visible on the others.
- Systemic Risk ManagementInstitutionGCRIShared fieldRisk management and systemic risk
- Policy NexusInstitutionGRFShared fieldRisk management and systemic risk
- Foresight NexusInstitutionGRFShared fieldRisk management and systemic risk
- Capital NexusInstitutionGRFShared fieldFinancial stability
- Governance NexusInstitutionGRFShared fieldRisk management and systemic risk
- Systems Science and ModellingInstitutionGCRIShared fieldRisk management and systemic risk
Pages in Financial Stability.
Industry scope and publisher
PageFinancial discipline overview
PageProfessional research
PageTechnology and emerging practices
PageResilience and finance readiness
PageResearch and industry programmes
PageAnalytical and data resources
PageProfessional community
PageProfessional learning
PageProfessional meetings
PageReports and sector briefs
PageMembership and research participation
PageContact the industry platform
PageAntitrust, independence and financial perimeter
PageSTEM foundation of Financial Stability
PageHow work moves in this field
PageBuild in Foundry
PageTest in Universe
PagePublish in Reports
PageThe same field across the Consortium
PageTopics
Where this page leads across the Consortium.
Questions and answers.
Who publishes Financial Stability?
Is Financial Stability active?
How can I contribute?
Where are findings published?
Which values on this platform are real?
How do I report an error?
Does the platform make macroprudential policy?
How does it differ from Banking Nexus?
Contribute evidence from this page.
Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
- EmailGateway GW-GRASend it from this pageEvidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.
- ZenodoOpen depositDeposit it and submit to the communityPublish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.
- ReportsGlobal Risks AllianceSee every way to contributeThe contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.
Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.
How Financial Stability works.
Choose a view and press Play to follow the platform’s process, its programme year, the standards it applies and how its findings are published. The outline shows how the work is designed to run, not the status of any decision.
Financial Stability
How Financial Stability works
Platforms · Programme year · Standards · Reports
A platform joins a field to named methods, labelled evidence and the outputs it publishes, without becoming the authority it serves.
01 Scope
- 01Field and familiesStart · The platform leadThe home states the field, its families and who it serves.
- 02Topic dossiersRecord · Platform authorsTopics explain the subject with labelled evidence.
02 Evidence
- 03Evidence labelsRecord · GCRIEach value is labelled: observed, published statistics, estimated, modelled, scenario or unknown.
- 04MethodsStep · Method ownersMethods come from the STEM Commons, each with one canonical page.
03 Work
- 05Scenarios on the systemsModel · Foundry pillarScenarios run on the Nexus systems, labelled as scenario.
- 06Standards that applyRecord · Nexus StandardsThe platform names the standards that apply. A validator report is evidence for review.
04 Publish
- 07EditionsRecord · ReportsFindings are published through Reports with their limits.
- 08Authority decidesOutcome · The competent authorityDecisions and execution stay with the government, operator or licensed institution.
Financial Stability home · Platforms · Shared methodsAn outline of how the work is designed to run; it does not report the status of any decision or record.
Take part in Financial Stability.
Start from who you are. Answer an open call. Or form and lead a competence cell on the Financial Stability platform.
National institutions
Ministries, statistics offices and agencies: a national desk and chapter, and a seat in the working groups. National chapters
Sectors and professions
Operators, regulators, banks, insurers and professional bodies whose work touches Financial Stability. Participate
Learning
Courses and practice, with a record of every course completed. Free to study. Open learning
Standards
Draft, review and adopt the methods and data standards with the working groups. Working groups
Communities and research
Universities, civil society and individual experts: projects, data and review. Write to the team
| Open call | Seeks | Closes |
|---|---|---|
| Founding call for experts to the working groups CALL-FOUNDING-EXPERTS | expert, editor, chair | 2026-12-15 |
| Open nomination for the three independent expert seats of the Global Standards Council CALL-GSC-IND | council-member | 2026-12-01 |
| Nominations of interim regional members (applies only if the transitional provision is decided) CALL-GSC-REG | council-member | 2026-12-15 |
| Review of the wave-1 risk core outlines (C1, C2, C3, C4, C8, C10, C11) CALL-REVIEW-WAVE1 | contributor | 2027-01-31 |
| Experts for the core standards of risk science: uncertainty and evidence grading, scales, structured expert judgement, tolerability, extremes and compound events, catastrophic and existential risk, ethics and equity, units and measurement (NRS-C17 to NRS-C24) CALL-CORE-SCIENCE | expert, editor, chair | 2027-01-31 |
| Independent reviewers for the families of the hazard atlas, three from at least two regions for each family (NHS2-R19), priority families first CALL-ATLAS-REVIEW | expert | 2027-03-31 |
| Members of the interim Frontier Safety Review Panel and red-team reviewers (biosafety and biosecurity, AI safety and security, critical-infrastructure security); applications treated in confidence CALL-FRONTIER-SAFETY-REVIEW | expert | 2026-11-30 |
| Experts in ontology, metrology, software verification and conformity assessment for the requirement register, the NHS-2 machine representation, the conformance test suites and the conformity assessment scheme CALL-CONFORMANCE-ONTOLOGY | expert, editor | 2027-01-31 |
Calls past their closing date are hidden automatically. Every call, proposal and route: open areas and calls.
Gather the cell
Bring together three to seven people with complementary skills: data, field practice, policy and communication.
Register it
Write to the team with the cell’s name, members, area and region. You receive a reference and a contact. Write to the team
Choose a charter
Pick one focus: research and evidence, data and maps, standards review, or community preparedness.
Learn together
Follow shared study paths at Risk Academy, with practice and a record of every course completed. Hazards and resilience
Lead and report
Hold regular sessions. Publish what the cell learns through Reports. Bring findings to the working groups. Working groups
What a national team or a local community can do on The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX) today.
Your country’s profile
Open risk profiles for 195 countries, with sources and licences on every value. Open the Index
Correct or reply
Correct a value or reply for your country. The change is logged with its effect. Open the Index
Offer data
Offer a dataset. It enters through the licence gate, with your credit. Open the Index
Every figure on this page is indexed: hazards, climate, conflict, the world.
The Index is the Consortium’s indexing system for risk data. Every indicator, hazard, series and country profile carries its Nexus Standards identifier, its source and its licence, so what this page shows can be traced, corrected and reused.
- 01 · Sources205 registered sourcesEvery value keeps its source and licence; withheld values are counted.Data and licences
- 02 · Nexus StandardsNIS-1 and NHS-1451 indicators, 905 hazards; every record carries a UNI.Nexus Standards
- 03 · The Index54 series, 195 country profilesComputed on the standards; no value is published until an edition is released.The Global Risks Index
- 04 · This pageFinancial StabilityMaps, figures and feeds read the Index in the context of hazards, climate, conflict.Public API
Series in this context hazards, climate, conflict
- GLBGlobal SystemsThe state of interdependent global risk: the twenty domain indices aggregated to the world, the five core systems (water, energy, food, health, biodiversity) and their couplings, the global tail register and the gap…NXS-GRX-AR-000002Hazards · Climate · Conflict
- THDisaster Risk Intelligence (DRI)Signals, observations, event streams, geospatial layers and scenario packs turned into structured risk intelligence for preparedness and planning.NXS-GRX-AR-000111Hazards · Climate · Conflict
- GSGlobal CitiesUrban exposure, heat, flooding, informal settlement, service dependency and the economic weight of cities at risk.NXS-GRX-AR-000068Hazards · Infrastructure · Climate
- GSGlobal ClimateChronic and acute physical climate hazard, transition exposure, adaptation gaps and scenario pathways to 2030, 2050 and 2100.NXS-GRX-AR-000065Climate · Hazards · Finance
Country profiles the world
Every country profile carries the source and licence of each value. Correct a value or reply
Hazard domains NHS-1
- Atmosphere and weatherNXS-GRX-AR-000135
- Solid EarthNXS-GRX-AR-000138
- Systemic and compound eventsNXS-GRX-AR-000148
Geodata and API open
Open layers on an equal-area hexagon grid, shown as densities per km² or as symbols: People · GHSL 2025People · WorldPop 2025Built-up areaPortsAirportsRoadsRailwaysRivers and lake centrelines
/api/v1/public/grix · https://nexustandards.com/uni/{uni}
Developers · Data · Made with Natural Earth, Public domain; GHSL and WorldPop, CC BY 4.0
Snapshot of the Index registries pinned 2026-10-23 · 22c6eed. Research and risk-analytics information: not a rating, an official classification, a warning, a benchmark or advice.
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