GRA · Development Finance Nexus

Spatial financeWhere capital meets hazard, exposure and transition

Development Finance Nexus

Development finance institutions, country-level resilience evidence and safeguarded project readiness. Development Finance Nexus is an established platform of The Global Risks Alliance.

STEM methods
5
Canonical methods this field applies
Topics
10
Subject pages in the field
Counterparts
9
Platforms in shared fields across the network
Report series
2
Reports series it contributes to
01Coverage

The areas of development finance this platform takes on.

Development Finance Nexus studies how development finance reaches projects and programmes and how risk moves through it: country priorities and debt capacity, project preparation and safeguards, infrastructure and project finance, climate adaptation, essential services, inclusion and small enterprise finance. Its pages set out the mechanisms, records, frameworks and decision holders for each part, from the financial-sector view of the Global Risks Alliance, with every indicator labelled by its evidence. It describes shared industry understanding and gives no investment advice.

Area

Country programmes

National priorities, debt capacity, institutional readiness and how development partners align their country strategies to them.

Area

Public investment and preparation

Identification, feasibility, appraisal, procurement and maintenance of public infrastructure, and the gates where project risk is decided.

Area

Infrastructure project finance

Special purpose companies, partnerships, risk allocation by contract, currency mismatch and the contingent liabilities that return to the state.

Area

Climate adaptation finance

Tracking, alignment and evaluation of finance that reduces vulnerability, and how physical climate risk enters credit and design.

Area

Food, water and energy

Utilities, offtakers, irrigation and food systems as correlated exposures in development portfolios.

Area

Safeguards and accountability

Environmental and social standards, the mitigation hierarchy, monitoring, grievance and independent accountability mechanisms.

Area

Inclusion and small enterprise

Who benefits, who bears the costs, and how finance reaches households and small firms through intermediaries.

Area

Flows, gaps and evidence

Public and mobilised flows, financing gap estimates, the assumptions behind them and the handoff of evidence to decision holders.

02Monitor

Project pipeline and safeguards.

The screen a team would use to follow this field: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.

Project pipeline and safeguards

Country programme D · Pipeline review 4

Safeguard finding openGRA · Development Finance Nexus

Pipeline

Irrigation rehabilitationFood and waterMediumClearAppraisal
Port expansionInfrastructureHighFindingPreparation
SME credit lineFinanceLowClearBoard
Mini-grid programmeEnergyLowClearImplementation

Handoff

Readiness dossier
v2, reviewed
Receiving institution
development finance institution
Decision
theirs, not GRA’s
Record
HO-435

Projects and hazard

red: high hazard exposure

Circle size: exposure value · exampleN
Project pipeline and safeguards: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Country programme D.Example names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.
04Scenario model

Policy paths and what they do to the risk.

How three families of instruments change a risk outcome over time with adoption lags, coverage and compliance, the policy scenarios behind transition and physical risk assessments. Scenario: named assumptions about the future, not a forecast.

Controls

Baseline trend of the outcome
2.0% a year
Coverage of the instrument
70%
Compliance
75%
Effect size, against the teaching value
100%
Years ahead
20 years

Readouts

Largest reduction at the horizon
Regulation
Its reduction against the baseline
21%
Numbers, methods and sources
YearBaselineRegulationEconomic incentiveInformation and capacity
0100.099.598.899.1
1102.0101.2100.199.8
2104.0102.5101.199.9
3106.1103.5101.6100.0
4108.2103.7101.8100.7
5110.4103.2101.7102.1
6112.6102.0101.6103.9
7114.9100.4101.6105.9
8117.299.2102.1108.0
9119.598.6102.9110.1
10121.998.9104.2112.3
11124.399.7105.7114.5
12126.8101.1107.4116.8
13129.4102.7109.4119.2
14131.9104.5111.4121.6
15134.6106.5113.5124.0
16137.3108.5115.7126.5
17140.0110.7118.0129.0
18142.8112.9120.4131.6
19145.7115.1122.8134.2
20148.6117.4125.2136.9

Methods

  1. Tools of government Hood (1983), The Tools of Government, Macmillan
  2. Carrots, sticks and sermons Bemelmans-Videc, Rist and Vedung (1998), Transaction
  3. Diffusion of innovations Rogers (2003), Diffusion of Innovations, Free Press
  4. Uncertainty fan (parameter Monte Carlo) Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333
  5. One-at-a-time sensitivity (tornado) Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley

Data

The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page’s map can draw:

  • Borders Natural Earth
  • Cities Natural Earth
Policy paths and what they do to the risk. Illustrative teaching model: it runs on the values set by the controls, not on measured data. Methods: Tools of government (Hood (1983), The Tools of Government, Macmillan); Carrots, sticks and sermons (Bemelmans-Videc, Rist and Vedung (1998), Transaction); Diffusion of innovations (Rogers (2003), Diffusion of Innovations, Free Press).
05Overview

What Development Finance Nexus does.

Development finance risk is the risk that public and concessional finance for development fails to reach its purpose or creates new burdens, through weak preparation, unsustainable debt, safeguard failures or misallocated risk. Development Finance Nexus, the Global Risks Alliance’s platform for the field, follows that risk from country priorities to projects and evidence; it approves, certifies and advises on nothing.

Who it serves

Its community

DFIs; policy economists; infrastructure risk specialists; development researchers.

How it works

Its methods

Readiness dossier methods; ESG safeguards; country-risk evidence.

What it produces

Its outputs

Development-finance-readiness guides; risk-evidence examples.

06Twin and cascade simulator

Trace a shock in Development Finance Nexus to the balance sheet.

Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile Disaster and climate risk finance: the shocks it names, the systems and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Pick an initiating shock and step through the cascade to see which exposures it reaches and where losses could concentrate. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every weight is a stated assumption. An exercise, not a forecast, a valuation, a rating or investment advice. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.

Hazards

  • Tropical cyclone
  • Earthquake
  • Ice-jam flood
  • Storm surge (set off downstream)
  • Intense rainfall (set off downstream)
  • River flood (set off downstream)
  • Flash flood (set off downstream)
  • Dangerous surf (set off downstream)
  • Widespread power outage (set off downstream)
  • Mass displacement (set off downstream)
  • Coastal flood (set off downstream)
  • Aftershock sequence (set off downstream)
  • Fault surface rupture (set off downstream)
  • Soil liquefaction (set off downstream)
  • Slope slide (set off downstream)
  • Rockfall (set off downstream)
  • Tsunami (set off downstream)
  • Building collapse (set off downstream)

Controls

  • NS-0 Constitution and principles
  • NS-3 Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)
  • NS-9 Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)
  • NS-10 Policies and clauses (machine-readable obligations: definition, binding, evaluation and enforcement)
  • NS-11 Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)
  • NS-14 Conformance and crosswalk to external standards
  • NRS-F8 Parametric and index-based risk transfer
  • NRS-F7 Disaster risk finance and pre-arranged finance
  • NRS-H113 Hazard family: Financial-system fragility (NHS-1 soc.financial-system)
  • NRS-H114 Hazard family: Macroeconomic and fiscal shocks (NHS-1 soc.macro-fiscal)
  • NRS-D1 Risk-informed development and project screening
  • NRS-H28 Hazard family: Climate-state shifts (NHS-1 eco.climate-state)

Observation

  • ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Data Store) (listed for reference)
  • CHIRPS quasi-global gridded precipitation (listed for reference)
  • USGS earthquake GeoJSON summary feeds (listed for reference)
  • Total public international support for national disaster risk reduction actions (Sendai indicator F-1)
  • Direct economic loss attributed to disasters in relation to global GDP

Example geography

  • Western Europe: 152 hexagonal cells
  • Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG), NASA GIBS
  • Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day/Night Band), NASA GIBS
  • Surface water through cloud, 30 m (OPERA DSWx-S1 radar), NASA GIBS
  • Surface soil moisture (SMAP), NASA GIBS
07The problem

Development investment is exposed to the risks it is meant to reduce.

Roads, power plants, water systems, irrigation schemes and social programmes are financed to last for decades. Over those decades they will face floods, droughts, heat, conflict, price shocks and technological change. Too often, that exposure is assessed late, partially or not at all.

Development finance flows from multilateral and bilateral development banks, development finance institutions, public budgets, private investors and philanthropy. Much of it goes to countries and sectors where data are thin, institutions are stretched and hazards are severe. When a project is designed without good evidence on climate, hazard and social risk, it can fail early, cost more to maintain or shift risk to the people it was meant to serve. A bridge built below a realistic flood level, a water scheme that depletes an aquifer or a resettlement plan that ignores livelihoods are familiar examples.

The consequences cascade. Damaged infrastructure interrupts services and trade; repair costs fall on public budgets that may already be under strain; contingent liabilities from public-private partnerships crystallise in a crisis; and the loss of confidence can raise the cost of finance for the whole country. Disaster losses and debt distress reinforce one another, and the poorest households carry the largest relative burden.

The obstacle is often not money alone but evidence and preparation. Lenders and investors need decision-useful information on risk, resilience and safeguards before they can act under their own rules, and countries need the capacity to produce it. Building a shared understanding of what good evidence looks like, across institutions that compete and cooperate, is the work of this platform.

08Risk and response

Coupled risk, applied response.

The sectors that carry exposure in urban flood and how a loss in one passes to the others, across portfolios and public finances.

Choose a context

ACoupled risk across six sectors6 / 15 relations

Sectors · Urban floodStress

Illustrative: a teaching cascade over teaching values, not measurements.
BApplied response across six pillars11 / 18 handoffs

Pillars · Urban floodKPI

Illustrative applications; the values are published benchmarks, cited in the readout.

In this contextDependence or handoff, heavier is strongerOutside this context

Context

Urban flood

Flooded streets take out substations, pumping stations and clinic access together; drinking water fails when power does.

W · E · I · F · H · B

Risk

Sectors
4 of 6
Relations
6 of 15
Coupling
0.46 share of total

Hover a corner, a line or a row to trace it across both sides.

Route

Applied to urban flood

L · F · U · S · R · A

Response

Pillars
5 of 6
Handoffs
11 of 18
Loops
8 closed

Expected value

What is at stake
$390Ba year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countriesWorld Bank, Lifelines, 2019
Return on resilience
4 : 1benefit to costWorld Bank, Lifelines, 2019
Avoided loss
30%less damage with 24 hours’ warning of a storm or heatwaveGlobal Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019

Hover a pillar, a line or a row to read how it is applied.

A: a teaching cascade (shock 0.6, gain 0.35, four rounds) over teaching values for a typical city-region, not measurements. B: illustrative applications and the KPI each pillar answers for; values are published benchmarks, cited, not forecasts. Open events: NASA EONET, live.

09What the platform does

Shared understanding, without transactions.

The platform helps the industry agree on what decision-useful resilience evidence looks like, and how it should travel from country programmes to the institutions that make their own decisions.

Readiness methods

Readiness dossiers

Methods for assembling the evidence, risks and governance a programme needs before a competent institution can review it independently. See readiness.

Safeguards

Environmental and social

Shared understanding of safeguard practice: risk screening, consultation, grievance and monitoring, drawing on established standards.

Country evidence

Country-risk evidence

How hazard, climate, fiscal and institutional evidence combine into a country-level picture of resilience.

GRA is a nonprofit business league for the financial services industry. It does not lend, underwrite, rate, invest, advise on or arrange transactions, introduce counterparties or take transaction-based pay, and readiness work is not approval. GRA recommends no project, country, instrument or counterparty.

10Exposure, loss and capital

What Development Finance Nexus means for exposure, loss and capital.

The exposure, loss, scenario and capital views a risk officer, supervisor or ministry of finance would ask for, with the frameworks they report against. Structures follow supervisory and actuarial practice. Values are illustrative: never prices, ratings or advice.

Transmission channels

How a shock in Development Finance Nexus reaches credit, market, underwriting, liquidity and operational risk, and feeds back.

Channel structure after the Basel Committee’s work on climate-related risk drivers and transmission channels; links shown are typical paths, not estimated exposures.

Capital, solvency and fiscal indicators

The indicators a risk officer, supervisor or ministry of finance reads first on Development Finance Nexus.

IndicatorUnitWho reads itFramework
Public debt% of GDPMinistries of finance, IMFDebt Sustainability Framework
Gross financing needs% of GDP per yearMinistries of finance, investorsDebt Sustainability Framework
Contingent liabilities% of GDP, by sourceMinistries of financeFiscal risk statements
Interest to revenue% of revenueMinistries of finance, rating usersPublic finance statistics
Sovereign spreadbasis points over a benchmarkInvestors, debt managersMarket data
CET1 ratio% of risk-weighted assetsBanks, supervisorsBasel framework
Liquidity coverage ratio% of stressed outflowsBanks, central banksBasel framework
Source: the frameworks named in each row. Indicator names, units and frameworks only; values belong to each institution’s own reporting and are never shown here.
NGFS climate scenarios · Network for Greening the Financial SystemIFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosures · ISSBTCFD recommendations · Financial Stability Board TCFDPrinciples for the effective management of climate-related financial risks · Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
11Foundation and counterparts

Science and governance counterparts at the other institutions.

The platform applies economics and development economics, causal inference and impact evaluation, geospatial information systems, decision analysis under uncertainty and agricultural, soil and food science, listed on the platform STEM foundation. It draws on the Foundry systems NXS-DSS (decision cases and deliberation), The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX) and NXS-RLS (participants, agreements and handoffs), and contributes to the Finance and Insurance Readiness and Portfolio and Readiness series of Reports.

The underlying science is done at The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), with Economic Development, Water Nexus, Energy Nexus, Critical Infrastructure, Cities and Built Environment and Cybersecurity and Digital Resilience; bounded technical assistance is organised through Agency. At the Global Risks Forum (GRF), Capital Nexus and Disaster and Crisis Governance convene the institutions that govern capital and crisis arrangements. See counterparts across the Consortium.

A readiness dossier for a resilience programme is the platform’s theme in the Universe programme, exercised as a learning case without any real transaction.

12Spatial finance

Where projects sit, and which layer protects them.

Where development projects meet hazard and poverty, and which financing layer protects them. Hypothetical projects and design values.

Development projects in Mozambique and Malawi against hazard and poverty, with the financing layer that would protect each.Hypothetical projects and design values; no country’s strategy is shown.
13Grounding

Built on named science, technology, engineering and mathematics.

Every claim on Development Finance Nexus rests on methods with a canonical page in the STEM Commons, so readers can see what a finding depends on and where its limits lie.

Economics and development economicsCausal inference and impact evaluationGeospatial information systemsDecision analysis under uncertaintyAgricultural, soil and food science

See the STEM foundation of Development Finance Nexus

14Cycle

How work moves in this field.

A question becomes evidence, a governed build, an organised community, a controlled test, a reviewed publication and, finally, a decision taken by the competent authority under its own rules.

  1. Question Universe National, regional or institutional priority. Question in Development Finance Nexus
  2. Evidence Foundry STEM foundation of the platform. Evidence in Development Finance Nexus
  3. Build Foundry Foundry. Build in Development Finance Nexus
  4. Organise Universe Nexus ecosystem. Organise in Development Finance Nexus
  5. Test Universe Universe (independent site). Test in Development Finance Nexus
  6. Publish Reports Reports. Publish in Development Finance Nexus
  7. Decide Competent authority Competent authorities and institutions, through NXS-RLS. Decide in Development Finance Nexus
  8. Renew Universe Corrections and the next annual agenda. Renew in Development Finance Nexus

Each step of the cycle in the pillar it runs in; the decision stays with the competent authority, outside the programme.

15Six pillars

How this works across the six pillars.

Development Finance Nexus works through six pillars of one annual programme, led by the Nexus Consortium, with GCRI, GRF and GRA each contributing in its role: explore, experiment and prototype in Labs, build, simulate and prepare in Foundry, convene and test in Universe, codify, correct and apply in Nexus Standards, publish in every format in Reports, teach in the open in Risk Academy.

Select pillars · hover lines18 / 18 handoffs

Route

The whole programme

Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year’s feedback loops.

L · F · U · S · R · A

Pillars
6 of 6
Handoffs
18 of 18
Loops
17 closed

Handoffs in play

  • F01Universe → Foundry · Admitted mission becomes a cycle project with a decision caseReadiness preparation
  • F02Foundry → Universe · Core Build Report and go or no-go evidenceControlled build
  • F03Foundry → Reports · Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profileCloseout
  • F04Universe → Reports · After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13After-action review

and 14 more

F01 to F14 are the recorded handoffs of the programme year, each with the artefact that moves and its phase; R1, R2, R3 and R4 carry work around the ring. A loop counts when every pillar on it is selected. Every pillar is led by the Nexus Consortium.
  1. LabsWhere questions become experiments and prototypes: new methods, data and tools are tried in the open, with their limits on record, before the Foundry builds them, under the Nexus Consortium.Labs
  2. FoundryWhere exposure and scenario evidence is built so supervisors, insurers and investors can read it.Development Finance Nexus in FoundryFoundry
  3. UniverseWhere scenarios are tested in controlled exercises, and finance-readiness dialogues read what they mean for capital and cover.Development Finance Nexus in Universeuniverse.nexus
  4. Nexus StandardsWhere disclosure and data rules are codified so risk evidence is comparable for finance and insurance.Finance, Insurance and the Economy in Standardsnexustandards.com
  5. ReportsWhere sector analysis and the finance and insurance readiness series are published, with exposure and limits stated.Development Finance Nexus in ReportsReports
  6. Risk AcademyWhere finance, insurance and public-finance professionals learn to read risk evidence, on Risk Academy.Faculty of Finance and Economics in Academyrisksacademy.com
16Frameworks

What the work is read against.

The platform does not set standards. It reads its evidence against the frameworks that competent bodies have adopted, so a finding can be placed where a decision-maker already works.

Framework or standardBodyWhat it sets
Environmental and Social FrameworkWorld BankTen environmental and social standards for investment project financing, with risk classification, commitment plans, consultation and disclosure
Performance Standards on Environmental and Social SustainabilityInternational Finance CorporationEight standards for private sector clients covering risk management, labour, pollution, community health, land, biodiversity, indigenous peoples and cultural heritage
Equator PrinciplesEquator Principles AssociationRisk management framework adopted by financial institutions to determine, assess and manage environmental and social risk in project finance
OECD DAC Blended Finance PrinciplesOECD Development Assistance CommitteePrinciples for using development finance to mobilise commercial finance, with attention to development rationale, context, partnership, impact and transparency
G20 Principles for Quality Infrastructure InvestmentG20Principles on positive impact, life-cycle economic efficiency, environmental and social considerations, resilience to disasters, and governance
Joint MDB approach to Paris alignmentMultilateral development banksBuilding blocks for aligning new operations and financial flows with the mitigation and adaptation goals of the Paris Agreement
Debt Sustainability Framework for Low-Income CountriesIMF and World BankDebt-carrying capacity, risk of debt distress ratings, thresholds and stress tests that guide borrowing and concessional lending
Addis Ababa Action AgendaUnited Nations, Third International Conference on Financing for DevelopmentFramework for financing sustainable development across domestic, international, public and private resources, debt and systemic issues
Open Contracting Data StandardOpen Contracting PartnershipCommon data model for disclosing public contracting from planning and tender to award, contract and implementation
Joint methodologies for tracking climate financeMultilateral development banks and the International Development Finance ClubCommon principles for mitigation finance and a component-based method for counting adaptation finance
20Questions

Questions and answers.

Who publishes Development Finance Nexus?
The Global Risks Alliance (GRA) publishes Development Finance Nexus and is responsible for what it publishes. GRA is a nonprofit business league for the financial services industry. It does not lend, underwrite, rate, invest, advise on or arrange transactions, and readiness work is not approval.
Is Development Finance Nexus active?
Development Finance Nexus is an established platform of The Global Risks Alliance. Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.
How can I contribute?
Start with the participation paths or write to the contact form. An enquiry receives a reference; it does not create membership, a role or an assignment.
Where are findings published?
Reviewed outputs appear on the publications page, and contributions to the Reports series are listed on Publish in Reports.
Which values on this platform are real?
Indicator names, units, sources, methods and frameworks are real. Levels in figures and canvases are examples in a design. A programme replaces them with labelled evidence it owns.
How do I report an error?
Use corrections and concerns, or write to the integrity concern form. A correction is recorded as a new version, never a silent edit.
Can the platform help a project obtain finance?
No. GRA is a nonprofit business league for the financial services industry. It does not lend, underwrite, rate, invest, advise on or arrange transactions, introduce counterparties or take transaction-based pay, and readiness work is not approval. It publishes shared understanding of evidence and readiness; any financing decision is made by the institution concerned under its own rules.
Who takes part in Development Finance Nexus?
Development finance institutions, policy economists, infrastructure risk specialists and development researchers, as individuals or institutions under the terms that apply when participation opens.
ReportsContribute

Contribute evidence from this page.

Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

Global Risks AllianceDevelopment Finance NexusFinance and Insurance ReadinessPortfolio and Readiness
How it works

How Development Finance Nexus works.

Choose a view and press Play to follow the platform’s process, its programme year, the standards it applies and how its findings are published. The outline shows how the work is designed to run, not the status of any decision.

Development Finance Nexus

How Development Finance Nexus works

Platforms · Programme year · Standards · Reports

A platform joins a field to named methods, labelled evidence and the outputs it publishes, without becoming the authority it serves.

  1. 01 Scope

    1. 01Field and familiesStart · The platform leadThe home states the field, its families and who it serves.
    2. 02Topic dossiersRecord · Platform authorsTopics explain the subject with labelled evidence.
  2. 02 Evidence

    1. 03Evidence labelsRecord · GCRIEach value is labelled: observed, published statistics, estimated, modelled, scenario or unknown.
    2. 04MethodsStep · Method ownersMethods come from the STEM Commons, each with one canonical page.
  3. 03 Work

    1. 05Scenarios on the systemsModel · Foundry pillarScenarios run on the Nexus systems, labelled as scenario.
    2. 06Standards that applyRecord · Nexus StandardsThe platform names the standards that apply. A validator report is evidence for review.
  4. 04 Publish

    1. 07EditionsRecord · ReportsFindings are published through Reports with their limits.
    2. 08Authority decidesOutcome · The competent authorityDecisions and execution stay with the government, operator or licensed institution.

Development Finance Nexus home · Platforms · Shared methodsAn outline of how the work is designed to run; it does not report the status of any decision or record.

Take part

Take part in Development Finance Nexus.

Start from who you are. Answer an open call. Or form and lead a competence cell on the Development Finance Nexus platform.

Route

National institutions

Ministries, statistics offices and agencies: a national desk and chapter, and a seat in the working groups. National chapters

Route

Sectors and professions

Operators, regulators, banks, insurers and professional bodies whose work touches Development Finance Nexus. Participate

Route

Learning

Courses and practice, with a record of every course completed. Free to study. Open learning

Route

Standards

Draft, review and adopt the methods and data standards with the working groups. Working groups

Route

Communities and research

Universities, civil society and individual experts: projects, data and review. Write to the team

The Global Risks Index

Every figure on this page is indexed: hazards, climate, conflict, the world.

The Index is the Consortium’s indexing system for risk data. Every indicator, hazard, series and country profile carries its Nexus Standards identifier, its source and its licence, so what this page shows can be traced, corrected and reused.

  1. 01 · Sources205 registered sourcesEvery value keeps its source and licence; withheld values are counted.Data and licences
  2. 02 · Nexus StandardsNIS-1 and NHS-1451 indicators, 905 hazards; every record carries a UNI.Nexus Standards
  3. 03 · The Index54 series, 195 country profilesComputed on the standards; no value is published until an edition is released.The Global Risks Index
  4. 04 · This pageDevelopment Finance NexusMaps, figures and feeds read the Index in the context of hazards, climate, conflict.Public API
Sources205registered, each with its licence
Indicators451NIS-1, 106 composites, 20 domain indices
Hazards905NHS-1, crosswalked to UNDRR-ISC HIPs
Series54global, sector, strategic, technology, thematic
Country profiles195one site per country

Series in this context hazards, climate, conflict

  1. GLBGlobal SystemsThe state of interdependent global risk: the twenty domain indices aggregated to the world, the five core systems (water, energy, food, health, biodiversity) and their couplings, the global tail register and the gap…NXS-GRX-AR-000002Hazards · Climate · Conflict
  2. THDisaster Risk Intelligence (DRI)Signals, observations, event streams, geospatial layers and scenario packs turned into structured risk intelligence for preparedness and planning.NXS-GRX-AR-000111Hazards · Climate · Conflict
  3. GSGlobal CitiesUrban exposure, heat, flooding, informal settlement, service dependency and the economic weight of cities at risk.NXS-GRX-AR-000068Hazards · Infrastructure · Climate
  4. GSGlobal ClimateChronic and acute physical climate hazard, transition exposure, adaptation gaps and scenario pathways to 2030, 2050 and 2100.NXS-GRX-AR-000065Climate · Hazards · Finance

All 54 series · The 20 domain indices

Country profiles the world

Every country profile carries the source and licence of each value. Correct a value or reply

Hazard domains NHS-1

Geodata and API open

Open layers on an equal-area hexagon grid, shown as densities per km² or as symbols: People · GHSL 2025People · WorldPop 2025Built-up areaPortsAirportsRoadsRailwaysRivers and lake centrelines

/api/v1/public/grix · https://nexustandards.com/uni/{uni}
Developers · Data · Made with Natural Earth, Public domain; GHSL and WorldPop, CC BY 4.0

Snapshot of the Index registries pinned 2026-10-23 · 22c6eed. Research and risk-analytics information: not a rating, an official classification, a warning, a benchmark or advice.

Development Finance Nexus

Bring an exposure or capital question to the Alliance.

Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.

The Global Risks Alliance

Finance · trust · precision

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Our articles, maps and twins are free to read and free to republish. Readers and partners keep it that way.

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Editors and the expert reviewers named on each article decide what we publish. Funders and partners do not review or approve articles before publication.

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Articles: CC BY 4.0. Figures, maps, twins and data: CC BY 4.0. Other uses: ask through the permissions form.