Valuing embedded guarantees
Options and guarantees in life and savings products are valued with stochastic scenarios that are consistent with market prices.
GRA · 精算与量化风险
空间金融资本与危害、风险暴露和转型的交汇之处
Financial engineering values and structures instruments whose payoffs depend on risk. On this platform it covers valuation of guarantees and options in insurance contracts, asset-liability matching, longevity and catastrophe 风险转移 and economic scenario generation.
Financial and risk engineering designs instruments, models and processes to measure, price and transfer risk. It applies quantitative methods to portfolios, insurance and risk-sharing arrangements. In insurance and catastrophe, methods and modelling and capital markets and investment, financial engineering enables physical and operational risks to be priced and transferred to capital markets. It informs the design of instruments that fund prevention and recovery. The canonical description is on STEM Commons.
Options and guarantees in life and savings products are valued with stochastic scenarios that are consistent with market prices.
Interest rate, equity and credit scenarios are generated for capital and valuation, with calibration targets and validation documented.
Longevity swaps and catastrophe bonds are analysed for how they transfer risk, their 基差风险 and counterparty exposure.
Night lights, population density and flood water over Japan and Korea, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.
交互式地图需要JavaScript;图层列表和来源见下文。
图层 3
活动与暴露,本页适用
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最新可用
NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap贡献者 (ODbL) · Natural Earth
正在加载最新的NASA影像。
拖动以移动。按住 Ctrl 或 ⌘ 并滚动、双指缩放或使用按钮缩放;悬停可查看指针下的数值;重置可返回该区域。
Activity and exposure, framed on Japan and Korea.NASA 发布的卫星和模型产品,各带自己的日期。它们是指标,而非对任何地点的评估。
图层与日期
Datasets and records used by financial and risk engineering on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in 来源登记册.
| 数据 | 角色 | 标签 |
|---|---|---|
| Market prices | 校准 | 观测 |
| Contract terms | Payoff structures | 已声明 |
| Scenario sets | 估值输入 | 模型估算 |
处于覆盖范围内的投资组合每年预期损失,以及保险公司和贷款机构定价所依据的 1/100 和 1/250 水平下的预期损失,均来自每个 巨灾模型 uses. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows Japan and Korea; the model itself is not tied to a place.
控制措施
读数
| 重现期(年) | 强度(强度指数) | 损失(占价值的 %) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.09 | 0.00 |
| 2 | 1.27 | 0.00 |
| 4 | 1.91 | 0.00 |
| 7 | 2.47 | 0.00 |
| 13 | 3.00 | 0.00 |
| 24 | 3.51 | 0.00 |
| 44 | 4.02 | 0.00 |
| 82 | 4.53 | 23.55 |
| 154 | 5.03 | 26.44 |
| 287 | 5.53 | 28.87 |
| 536 | 6.03 | 30.88 |
| 1,000 | 6.53 | 32.53 |
The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page’s map can draw:
贯穿六大支柱,由 Nexus Consortium 牵头
Models are back-tested, benchmarked against alternatives and reviewed by independent validation functions. Stress tests probe behaviour beyond historical data.
| 核查 | 如何开展 |
|---|---|
| Market consistency | Scenarios reproduce calibration instrument prices |
| Scenario validation | Generators are tested for realistic behaviour |
| 融合 | Results are checked for stability as scenario counts increase |
Models calibrated to normal markets can underestimate tail losses and correlation shifts. Complex instruments may obscure where risk ultimately sits.
Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile 保险与再保险: the shocks it names, the 系统 and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Pick an initiating shock and step through the cascade to see which exposures it reaches and where losses could concentrate. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every weight is a stated assumption. An exercise, not a forecast, a valuation, a rating or investment advice. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.
灾害
控制措施
NS-0 章程与原则NS-3 风险记录 UNI(语法、旧编码对照、分配机构)NS-9 情境 UNI(部署、实例、计划实例)NS-10 政策和条款(机器可读的义务:定义、约束、评估和执行)NS-11 验证与监测(证据、证明、零信任符合性观测)NS-14 符合性及与外部标准的对照NRS-F3 保险、巨灾风险与保护缺口NRS-H113 危害类别:金融体系脆弱性(NHS-1 soc.financial-system)NRS-U17 宇宙 platform profile: Insurance NexusNRS-H71 危害类别:深时与宇宙灾难(NHS-1 planet.deep-time)NRS-H65 危害类别:超越行星边界(NHS-1 planet.boundary)NRS-F8 参数化与指数型风险转移观测
示例地理范围
风险官、监管者或财政部会要求的风险暴露、损失、情景和资本视图,以及它们据以报告的框架。结构遵循监管和精算实务。数值为说明性:绝非价格、评级或建议。
How losses from financial and risk engineering for actuarial and quantitative risk grow with severity, gross and net of reinsurance, against capital.
| 重现期 | 年概率 | 总损失 | 净损失 | 净额,资本 = 100 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1/10(10 年一遇) | 0.10 | 14 | 10 | 10 |
| 1/50(50 年一遇) | 0.02 | 33 | 21 | 21 |
| 1/100(100 年一遇) | 0.01 | 46 | 27 | 27 |
| 1/250(250 年一遇) | 0.004 | 68 | 39 | 39 |
| 年均损失 | 3.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 |
Actuarial and Quantitative Risk stewards financial and risk engineering for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.
报告 is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
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