Storm surge modelling
Hydrodynamic models estimate surge heights from 气旋 tracks, with tide and wave set-up, for 沿海洪水 losses.
Ocean science studies the physics, chemistry, biology and geology of the oceans and coasts. It informs 海平面上升, 风暴潮, marine heatwaves, acidification and fisheries change, all of which affect coastal populations and trade. In insurance and catastrophe, climate and hazards and disaster and crisis, ocean projections guide coastal defence, port planning and fisheries management. They link marine hazards to food security, shipping routes and coastal economies. The canonical description is on STEM Commons.
Hydrodynamic models estimate surge heights from 气旋 tracks, with tide and wave set-up, for 沿海洪水 losses.
Projected sea level rise is added to surge to estimate how coastal flood return periods change.
Sea surface temperature and ocean heat content are examined as conditions for rapid intensification of tropical cyclones.
穿越触发区的风暴将如何触发一笔支付。真实地理区域;合成风暴和设计条款。
Datasets and records used by ocean and coastal science on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in 来源登记册.
| 数据 | 角色 | 标签 |
|---|---|---|
| Tide gauge records | Observed sea level and surge | 观测 |
| IPCC sea level projections | 情景 | 模型估算 |
| Sea surface temperature analyses | 海洋状态 | 观测 |
团队遵循该方法时会使用的界面:其指标、状态与决策。名称为示例,数值仅作示意。
Reinsurance and catastrophe · Ocean and coastal science · Run R-8822
held-out period
| T+2 | 0.20 | 0.28 | 0.33 | Marginal |
| T+4 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.36 | Marginal |
| T+6 | 0.41 | 0.24 | 0.27 | Skilful |
| T+8 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.36 | Skilful |
Models are checked against tide gauge records, altimetry and in situ profiles. Hindcasts of past storms and heatwaves test predictive skill.
| 核查 | 如何开展 |
|---|---|
| Surge hindcasts | Models reproduce observed surges |
| Scenario range | Several sea level scenarios are shown |
| Coastal defence data | Defence heights are documented |
Coastal processes at fine scale and ice sheet contributions to sea level remain uncertain. Observations of the deep ocean and polar seas are sparse.
处于覆盖范围内的投资组合每年预期损失,以及保险公司和贷款机构定价所依据的 1/100 和 1/250 水平下的预期损失,均来自每个 巨灾模型 uses. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows The Gulf of Mexico coast; the model itself is not tied to a place.
控制措施
读数
| 重现期(年) | 强度(强度指数) | 损失(占价值的 %) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.09 | 0.00 |
| 2 | 1.27 | 0.00 |
| 4 | 1.91 | 0.00 |
| 7 | 2.47 | 0.00 |
| 13 | 3.00 | 0.00 |
| 24 | 3.51 | 0.00 |
| 44 | 4.02 | 0.00 |
| 82 | 4.53 | 23.55 |
| 154 | 5.03 | 26.44 |
| 287 | 5.53 | 28.87 |
| 536 | 6.03 | 30.88 |
| 1,000 | 6.53 | 32.53 |
The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page’s map can draw:
贯穿六大支柱,由 Nexus Consortium 牵头
Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile 保险与再保险: the shocks it names, the 系统 and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Pick an initiating shock and step through the cascade to see which exposures it reaches and where losses could concentrate. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every weight is a stated assumption. An exercise, not a forecast, a valuation, a rating or investment advice. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.
灾害
控制措施
NS-0 章程与原则NS-3 风险记录 UNI(语法、旧编码对照、分配机构)NS-9 情境 UNI(部署、实例、计划实例)NS-10 政策和条款(机器可读的义务:定义、约束、评估和执行)NS-11 验证与监测(证据、证明、零信任符合性观测)NS-14 符合性及与外部标准的对照NRS-F3 保险、巨灾风险与保护缺口NRS-H113 危害类别:金融体系脆弱性(NHS-1 soc.financial-system)NRS-U17 宇宙 platform profile: Insurance NexusNRS-H71 危害类别:深时与宇宙灾难(NHS-1 planet.deep-time)NRS-H65 危害类别:超越行星边界(NHS-1 planet.boundary)NRS-F8 参数化与指数型风险转移观测
示例地理范围
海洋与海岸 stewards ocean and coastal science for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.
选择背景
部门 · 沿海风暴潮压力
支柱 · 沿海风暴潮KPI
在此背景之中依赖或移交关系,越粗越强不在此背景之内
计划年度所有阶段
背景
沿海风暴潮
红树林和沙丘可以吸收风暴潮;它们消失之处,港口、变电站和取水口就会首当其冲。
W · E · I · F · H · B
风险
将鼠标悬停在某个角、某条线或某一行上,可在两侧追踪其走向。
路径
应用于沿海风暴潮
L · F · U · S · R · A
响应
期望值
将鼠标悬停在支柱、线条或行上,查看其应用方式。
A:基于典型城市区域教学用值的教学级联(冲击 0.6,增益 0.35,四轮),并非实测值。B:示意性应用及每个支柱所负责的关键绩效指标;数值为已发布并注明出处的基准,并非预测。开放事件:NASA EONET,实时。
风险官、监管者或财政部会要求的风险暴露、损失、情景和资本视图,以及它们据以报告的框架。结构遵循监管和精算实务。数值为说明性:绝非价格、评级或建议。
How losses from ocean and coastal science for reinsurance and catastrophe grow with severity, gross and net of reinsurance, against capital.
| 重现期 | 年概率 | 总损失 | 净损失 | 净额,资本 = 100 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1/10(10 年一遇) | 0.10 | 14 | 10 | 10 |
| 1/50(50 年一遇) | 0.02 | 33 | 21 | 21 |
| 1/100(100 年一遇) | 0.01 | 46 | 27 | 27 |
| 1/250(250 年一遇) | 0.004 | 68 | 39 | 39 |
| 年均损失 | 3.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 |
报告 is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
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