GRA · Reinsurance and Catastrophe
Spatial financeWhere capital meets hazard, exposure and transition
Sîgortaya duyemîn û katastrof
Reinsurance, catastrophe modelling, protection gaps and accumulated physical risk in the insurance system. Reinsurance and Catastrophe is an established platform of The Global Risks Alliance.
- Rêbazên STEM
- 8
- Rêbazên kanonîk ên ku ev qad bi kar tîne
- Mijar
- 8
- Rûpelên mijaran di vî warî de
- Hevtayên
- 11
- Platformên di qadên hevpar de li seranserê torê
- Rêzeya raportan
- 2
- Rêzeyên Reports ku tevkarî dike
The areas of insurance and catastrophe this platform takes on.
Reinsurance and Catastrophe studies how the largest insured losses are modelled, accumulated, transferred and capitalised: reinsurance contracts and programmes, catastrophe models and their validation, portfolio accumulation, retrocession and insurance-linked securities, the protection gap and the effect of a changing climate on natural catastrophe risk. Its pages set out the mechanisms, data, methods and decisions, with every value labelled by its evidence. Global Risks Alliance shares industry understanding and does not underwrite, model portfolios, rate or advise.
Reinsurance structures
Proportional and non-proportional treaties, facultative cover, layers, reinstatements and how programmes are built and renewed.
Catastrophe models
Hazard, vulnerability, exposure and financial modules that simulate events and estimate the distribution of insured loss.
Accumulation
How exposures concentrate by peril and region across a portfolio, and the controls that limit a single event’s loss.
Valahiyên parastinê
Economic catastrophe losses left uninsured, why they persist and how public and private schemes address them.
Climate and natural catastrophe
How warming changes the frequency and severity of perils, and how models and pricing take it into account.
Retrocession and capital
Retrocession, catastrophe bonds, collateralised reinsurance, sidecars and the capital that backs the tail.
Model validation
Testing catastrophe models against observations, other models and expert judgement before they inform capital and price.
Loss data
Event loss records, industry loss estimates and claims data that calibrate models and trigger contracts.
Catastrophe model results.
Ekrana ku tîmek ji bo şopandina vî warî bikar bîne: pîvan, rewş û biryarên wê. Nav nimûne ne û nirx ronîker in.
Catastrophe model results
Cedent C-07 · Peril: tropical cyclone · Model v19
- AAL57local m
- OEP 1-in-200310local m10Çavdêrî
- TVaR 1-in-200646local mÇavdêrî
- Rooftop geocoding81pct of TIVNormal
Exceedance probability
Programme layers
| Retention | 0 | 69 | tune | |
| Layer 1 | 42 | 99 | 11 | 1-in-9 |
| Layer 2 | 199 | 168 | 3 | 1-in-35 |
| Layer 3 | 301 | 264 | 1.4 | 1-in-215 |
Model pipeline
- Event cataloguestochastic
- Metirsîintensity
- RûbirûbûnTIV
- Lawazîdamage curves
- Financialterms
- ELT · YLTlosses
- EP · TVaRmetrics
Pirsên ku ev war li ser dixebite.
Reinsurance structures
Treaty and facultative risk-sharing concepts.
MijarCatastrophe models
Event sets, vulnerability and limits.
MijarAggregate accumulation
Concentrations across regions and perils.
MijarValahiyên parastinê
Coverage, affordability and systemic consequences.
MijarClimate and natural catastrophe
Changing physical hazards and nonstationarity.
MijarRetrocession and capital
Layered risk-transfer market dependencies.
MijarModel validation
Uncertainty, sensitivity and benchmarks.
MijarCatastrophe loss data
Loss reporting and data quality.
Loss exceedance, average annual loss and probable maximum loss.
The loss a portfolio in the footprint can expect per year and at the 1 in 100 and 1 in 250 levels that insurers and lenders price, from the same three blocks every catastrophe model uses. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction.
Kontrol
- Typical annual hazard intensity (location)
- 1.00 intensity index
- Belavbûna nirxên tund (pîvan)
- 0.80 intensity index
- Tundiya ku nîvê nirxê tê de winda dibe
- 4.00 intensity index
- Belavbûna lawazî
- 0.55
- Para nirxê di nav şopa metirsî de
- 40%
- Standarda parastinê (heyama vegerê)
- 50 sal
Xwendin
- Windahiya salane ya navînî
- 0.51% of value
- Windahî di 1 ji 100 salan de
- 24.5% of value
- Windahî di 1 ji 250 salan de
- 28.4% of value
- Tundî di 1 ji 100 salan de
- 4.68 intensity index
Jimar, rêbaz û çavkanî
| Heyama vegerê (sal) | Intensity (intensity index) | Windahî (% ya nirxê) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.09 | 0.00 |
| 2 | 1.27 | 0.00 |
| 4 | 1.91 | 0.00 |
| 7 | 2.47 | 0.00 |
| 13 | 3.00 | 0.00 |
| 24 | 3.51 | 0.00 |
| 44 | 4.02 | 0.00 |
| 82 | 4.53 | 23.55 |
| 154 | 5.03 | 26.44 |
| 287 | 5.53 | 28.87 |
| 536 | 6.03 | 30.88 |
| 1,000 | 6.53 | 32.53 |
Rêbaz
- Metirsî: nirxên dawîn ên Gumbel Gumbel (1958), Statistics of Extremes, Columbia University Press
- Nazikiya lognormal (lawazî) FEMA (2003), HAZUS-MH Technical Manual
- Qada îhtîmala derbasbûnê û windahiya salane ya navînî Grossi and Kunreuther (2005), Catastrophe Modeling, Springer
- Bandora bendavê Di Baldassarre and others (2013), Socio-hydrology, HESS 17
- Pankeya nediyarîyê (Monte Carlo ya parametreyan) Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333
- Hesasiyeta yek-yek (tornado) Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley
Dane
The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page’s map can draw:
- Çem Natural Earth
- Dirêjahiyên bajarî Natural Earth
- Bajar Natural Earth
- Erdhejên M4.5+, hefteya borî (USGS) U.S. Geological Survey · register usgs.earthquake.summary-feeds
- Rêjeya baranê, nîv saeta dawîn (IMERG) NASA GPM IMERG Early · register nasa.gibs.context-live-layers
- Pêşbînî: herikîna çemê, 30 roj bi navber (GloFAS bi riya Open-Meteo) Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0), Copernicus GloFAS · register open-meteo.public-pages
- Berfirehiya avakirî û niştecihbûnê, 2010 (HBASE, Landsat) CIESIN/Columbia, NASA SEDAC HBASE · register sedac.context-urban-layers
Li seranserê şeş stûnan, bi pêşengiya Nexus Consortium
- Ceribandin Labs
- Hatiye avakirin di Reinsurance and Catastrophe in Foundry
- Tê ceribandin li Reinsurance and Catastrophe in Universe
- Hatiye kodkirin di Darayî, sîgorta û aborî di Standards de
- Hatiye weşandin di Reinsurance and Catastrophe in Reports
- Tê de tê dayîn Fakulteya Darayî û Aborî di Academy de
What Reinsurance and Catastrophe does.
Reinsurance and catastrophe risk covers how the largest insured losses are modelled, accumulated, transferred to reinsurers and capital markets, and capitalised. Global Risks Alliance’s platform explains treaty structures, catastrophe models and validation, accumulation, protection gaps, climate effects and loss data. It does not underwrite, model portfolios or advise.
Civaka wê
Reinsurance analysts; catastrophe modellers; actuaries; insurance risk teams.
Rêbazên wê
NatCat modelling; exposure aggregation; recovery and uncertainty.
Derketinên wê
Catastrophe-risk explainers; reinsurance evidence briefs.
Trace a shock in Reinsurance and Catastrophe to the balance sheet.
Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile Sîgorta û ji nû ve sîgorta: the shocks it names, the pergalan and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Pick an initiating shock and step through the cascade to see which exposures it reaches and where losses could concentrate. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every weight is a stated assumption. An exercise, not a forecast, a valuation, a rating or investment advice. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.
Metirsî
- Tropical cyclone
- Erdhej
- Ice-jam flood
- Agirê daristanan
- Storm surge (set off downstream)
- Intense rainfall (set off downstream)
- River flood (set off downstream)
- Flash flood (set off downstream)
- Dangerous surf (set off downstream)
- Qutbûna berfireh a elektrîkê (li aliyê jêr çê dibe)
- Koçberiya girseyî (li aliyê jêr çê dibe)
- Coastal flood (set off downstream)
- Aftershock sequence (set off downstream)
- Fault surface rupture (set off downstream)
- Soil liquefaction (set off downstream)
- Slope slide (set off downstream)
- Rockfall (set off downstream)
- Tsunami (set off downstream)
Pergal û girêdan
- Sîgorta û ji nû ve sîgorta
- Bankevanî Girêdan
- Saziyên darayiya pêşketinê Girêdan
- Mirovî û civaka sivîl Girêdan
- Çandinî û bikaranîna erdê Girêdan
Kontrol
NS-0Destûr û prensîbNS-3UNIyên tomara xetereyê (rêzimanî, nexşeya veguhastina ji pergala kevin, desthilata veqetandinê)NS-9UNI yên çarçoveyî (belavkirin, mînak, mînakên bernameyê)NS-10Policies and clauses (machine-readable obligations: definition, binding, evaluation and enforcement)NS-11Piştrastkirin û çavdêrî (delîl, erêkirin, çavdêriya lihevhatina zero-trust)NS-14Lihevhatin û nexşeya li standardên derveyîNRS-F3Sîgorta, xetera felaketan û valahiyên parastinêNRS-H113Malbata metirsiyê: Nazikiya pergala darayî (NHS-1 soc.financial-system)NRS-U17Universe platform profile: Insurance NexusNRS-H71Malbata metirsiyê: Felaketên kozmîk û yên dema kûr (NHS-1 planet.deep-time)NRS-H65Malbata metirsiyê: Binpêkirinên sînorên gerstêrkê (NHS-1 planet.boundary)NRS-F8Veguhastina xeterê ya parametrîk û li ser bingeha îndeksê
Çavdêrî
- OECD Data Explorer (incl. Creditor Reporting System, insurance and pension statistics) (listed for reference)
- Insurance statistics (listed for reference)
- USGS earthquake GeoJSON summary feeds (listed for reference)
- Direct economic loss attributed to disasters in relation to global gross domestic product (GDP)
- Direct economic loss attributed to disasters in relation to global gross domestic product
- (a) Number of commercial bank branches per 100,000 adults and (b) number of automated teller machines (ATMs) per 100,000 adults
Erdnîgariya mînakê
- Western Europe: 152 hexagonal cells
- Rêjeya barînê, nîv saeta dawî (IMERG), NASA GIBS
- Ronahiyên şevê îşev, qutbûn (VIIRS Day/Night Band), NASA GIBS
- Ava rûyê erdê di nav ewr re, 30 m (radara OPERA DSWx-S1), NASA GIBS
- Carbon monoxide, smoke transport (AIRS), NASA GIBS
Catastrophe losses are rare, extreme and correlated.
Most insurance works because losses are numerous, small and largely independent: car accidents or house fires in one place are not much affected by those in another, so the law of large numbers makes the total predictable. Catastrophes break that logic. A single bagerekê, earthquake or flood can damage many insured properties at once, across lines of business and across insurers. Losses are rare, so history offers few examples, and they sit in the extreme tail of the distribution, where statistics are least reliable.
The insurance system manages this through layers. Primary insurers buy reinsurance to cap their catastrophe exposure; reinsurers diversify across regions and perils and buy retrocession; and some risk is transferred to capital markets through instruments such as catastrophe bonds. Catastrophe models, which combine hazard science, engineering and actuarial methods, are used throughout to estimate how much could be lost and how often.
Failures cascade when exposures accumulate unseen, when models underestimate tails, or when hazards change faster than models and prices. After major events, reinsurance capacity can tighten and prices rise, leading primary insurers to raise premiums or withdraw from high-risk areas. Uninsured losses then fall on households, businesses and governments. This gap between economic and insured losses, the protection gap, is one of the clearest links between physical risk and economic resilience.
What Reinsurance and Catastrophe means for exposure, loss and capital.
The exposure, loss, scenario and capital views a risk officer, supervisor or ministry of finance would ask for, with the frameworks they report against. Structures follow supervisory and actuarial practice. Values are illustrative: never prices, ratings or advice.
Exposure and loss at return periods
How losses from Reinsurance and Catastrophe grow with severity, gross and net of reinsurance, against capital.
| Return period | Annual probability | Gross loss | Net loss | Net, capital = 100 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 in 10 | 0.10 | 14 | 10 | 10 |
| 1 in 50 | 0.02 | 33 | 21 | 21 |
| 1 in 100 | 0.01 | 46 | 27 | 27 |
| 1 in 250 | 0.004 | 68 | 39 | 39 |
| Windahiya salane ya navînî | 3.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 |
Financing instruments by layer
How retention and transfer instruments could share losses from Reinsurance and Catastrophe, from frequent to extreme.
| Qat | Who holds the risk | Speed of funds | Main limit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Retention and reserves | Budget, contingency funds | Immediate | Size of the budget |
| Contingent credit | Development banks, ministries of finance | Days to weeks | Debt capacity |
| Parametric cover and risk pools | Regional pools, insurers | Days, on a trigger | Basis risk |
| Reinsurance and catastrophe bonds | Reinsurers, capital markets investors | Weeks to months | Cost of capital |
| Residual loss | Households, firms, humanitarian funding | Uncertain | Unfunded |
Shared understanding of catastrophe risk, models and protection.
The platform is designed to bring the industry and scientists together on precompetitive questions: how catastrophe models work and fail, how exposures accumulate, and how protection gaps form.
NatCat modelling
How hazard, vulnerability and financial modules combine, and where their uncertainty lies. See catastrophe models.
Exposure aggregation
How concentrations build across regions, perils and portfolios. See aggregate accumulation.
Recovery and uncertainty
How protection affects recovery, and what is uncertain. See protection gaps.
Signature outputs are designed to include catastrophe-risk explainers and reinsurance evidence briefs, released with their methods and limits. This page is general research for professional understanding. It is not underwriting, pricing, investment or legal advice, and it does not recommend any model, product or counterparty.
Exposure, hazard and the exceedance curve.
Which places drive loss in a severe year, and how far it reaches into reinsurance. Illustrative design values.
How the platform connects to science and to the other institutions.
The platform is the steward of extreme value theory and tail risk in the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) STEM Commons and applies seven further methods: actuarial mathematics, climate and atmospheric science, Earth and geophysical science, uncertainty quantification and model validation, hydrology and water science, ocean and coastal science and structural and earthquake engineering. Its STEM applications show how each is used.
Hazard science comes from The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), notably Avhewa û metirsî, Disaster Resilience and Recovery and Oceans and Coasts. At the Global Risks Forum (GRF), Rêveberiya karesat û krîzan convenes governance dialogue on disasters and crises. Within GRA, it works alongside the Insurance Nexus, Disaster Risk Finance and Actuarial and Quantitative Risk. See all counterparts.
Platform research is designed to feed the rêzeya Pergalên Stratejîk Finance and Insurance Readiness series and Methods and Technical series, and a Universe exercise comparing catastrophe models for a hazard season, described on the platform’s Universe page.
Li ser zanist, teknolojî, endezyarî û matematîka bi nav hatiye avakirin.
Every claim on Reinsurance and Catastrophe rests on methods with a canonical page in the STEM Commons, so readers can see what a finding depends on and where its limits lie.
Kar di vî warî de çawa dimeşe.
Pirsek dibe delîl, avakirineke birêvebirî, civakeke organîzekirî, ceribandineke kontrolkirî, weşaneke nirxandî û di dawiyê de biryarek ku desthilata jêhatî li gorî qaîdeyên xwe digire.
- Pirs Universe National, regional or institutional priority. Question in Reinsurance and Catastrophe
- Delîl Foundry STEM foundation of the platform. Evidence in Reinsurance and Catastrophe
- Ava bike Foundry Foundry. Build in Reinsurance and Catastrophe
- Organîze bike Universe Ekosîstema Nexus. Organise in Reinsurance and Catastrophe
- Ceribandin Universe Universe (independent site). Test in Reinsurance and Catastrophe
- Biweşîne rêzeya Pergalên Stratejîk Reports. Publish in Reinsurance and Catastrophe
- Biryar bide Desthilata jêhatî Desthilat û sazîyên jêhatî, bi riya NXS-RLS (beşdar, lihevkirin û radestkirin). Decide in Reinsurance and Catastrophe
- Nû bike Universe Corrections and the next annual agenda. Renew in Reinsurance and Catastrophe
Her gava çerxê di stûna ku tê de dimeşe; biryar li ba rayedara jêhatî dimîne, li derveyî bernameyê.
- Labs
- Foundry
- Universe
- Nexus Standards
- rêzeya Pergalên Stratejîk
- Risk Academy
- Rayedara jêhatî (li derveyî bernameyê)
Ev di nav şeş stûnan de çawa dixebite.
Reinsurance and Catastrophe works through six pillars of one annual programme, led by the Nexus Consortium, with GCRI, GRF and GRA each contributing in its role: explore, experiment and prototype in Labs, build, simulate and prepare in Foundry, convene and test in Universe, codify, correct and apply in Nexus Standards, publish in every format in Reports, teach in the open in Risk Academy.
handoff in playrecorded handoffno direct handoff
Sala bernameyêHemû qonax
Rê
Tevahiya bernameyê
Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year’s feedback loops.
L · F · U · S · R · A
- Stûn
- 6 ji 6
- Radestkirin
- 18 ji 18
- Çerx
- 17 girtî
Radestkirinên di xebatê de
- F01Universe → Foundry · Mîsyona pejirandî dibe projeya çerxê bi doza biryarê reAmadekirina amadebûnê
- F02Foundry → Universe · Core Build Report û delîlên çûn an neçûnêAvakirina kontrolkirî
- F03Foundry → Reports · Çavdêrî û rêzeyên nîşanderan ên morkirî li pişt profîlekêGirtina projeyê
- F04Universe → Reports · Encamên piştî çalakiyê û senaryoyê ji bo beşên 10 û 13Vekolîna piştî çalakiyê
û 14 yên din
- LabsCihê ku pirs dibin ceribandin û prototîp: rêbaz, dane û amûrên nû bi vekirî têne ceribandin, bi sînorên wan di qeydê de, berî ku Foundry wan ava bike, di bin Nexus Consortium de.Labs
- FoundryWhere exposure and scenario evidence is built so supervisors, insurers and investors can read it.Reinsurance and Catastrophe in FoundryFoundry
- UniverseWhere scenarios are tested in controlled exercises, and finance-readiness dialogues read what they mean for capital and cover.Reinsurance and Catastrophe in Universeuniverse.nexus
- Nexus StandardsWhere disclosure and data rules are codified so risk evidence is comparable for finance and insurance.Darayî, sîgorta û aborî di Standards denexustandards.com
- rêzeya Pergalên StratejîkWhere sector analysis and the finance and insurance readiness series are published, with exposure and limits stated.Reinsurance and Catastrophe in Reportsrêzeya Pergalên Stratejîk
- Risk AcademyWhere finance, insurance and public-finance professionals learn to read risk evidence, on Risk Academy.Fakulteya Darayî û Aborî di Academy derisksacademy.com
Ya ku xebat li hember wê tê xwendin.
Platform standardan diyar nake. Delîlên xwe li hember çarçoveyên ku saziyên jêhatî pejirandine dixwîne, da ku encamek li cihê ku biryardêrek jixwe tê de dixebite bê danîn.
| Çarçove an standard | Laş | Ya ku diyar dike |
|---|---|---|
| Insurance Core Principles, ComFrame and the Insurance Capital Standard | International Association of Insurance Supervisors (IAIS) | Supervisory baseline for insurers and reinsurers, and a group capital standard for internationally active insurance groups that includes catastrophe risk |
| Solvency II natural catastrophe standard formula and internal model approval | European Union, with EIOPA technical standards and periodic reassessment | Catastrophe risk charges by peril and region, and the requirements for using an approved internal model |
| NAIC risk-based capital catastrophe risk charge | National Association of Insurance Commissioners (United States) | Catastrophe charges for modelled perils in the United States risk-based capital formula |
| Bermuda Solvency Capital Requirement and catastrophe return | Bermuda Monetary Authority | Capital and catastrophe reporting for the Bermuda reinsurance and insurance-linked securities market |
| Lloyd’s Realistic Disaster Scenarios | Lloyd’s of London | Prescribed catastrophe scenarios that managing agents use to report and control exposure |
| Oasis Loss Modelling Framework open standards | Oasis LMF, a not-for-profit company | Open data formats and a platform for running catastrophe models with interchangeable components |
| Actuarial Standard of Practice on catastrophe modelling | Actuarial Standards Board (United States) | Professional standards for actuaries using or reviewing catastrophe models |
| Çarçoveya Sendai ji bo Kêmkirina Xetera | UNDRR | Targets for reducing disaster losses, including financial protection and risk transfer as part of risk reduction |
| Global Shield against Climate Risks | V20 and G7, with partners including the World Bank and GIZ | A framework for pre-arranged climate and disaster risk finance and insurance in vulnerable countries |
Heman qad, bi sê awayan hatiye dîtin.
GCRI studies a field as science, GRF governs it and GRA builds shared financial understanding of it. Reinsurance and Catastrophe links to its counterparts so that work on one side is visible on the others.
- Water NexusSazîGCRIWarê hevparAvhewa û metirsî
- Food NexusSazîGCRIWarê hevparAvhewa û metirsî
- Energy NexusSazîGCRIWarê hevparAvhewa û metirsî
- Biodiversity NexusSazîGCRIWarê hevparAvhewa û metirsî
- Avhewa û metirsîSazîGCRIWarê hevparAvhewa û metirsî, Karesat û krîz
- Berxwedan û başbûna ji karesatanSazîGCRIWarê hevparDisaster and crisis, Climate and hazards
- Okyanûs û peravênSazîGCRIWarê hevparAvhewa û metirsî
- Ezman û Çavdêriya ErdêSazîGCRIWarê hevparAvhewa û metirsî
Pages in Reinsurance and Catastrophe.
Industry scope and publisher
RûpelFinancial discipline overview
RûpelProfessional research
RûpelTechnology and emerging practices
RûpelResilience and finance readiness
RûpelResearch and industry programmes
RûpelAnalytical and data resources
RûpelProfessional community
RûpelFêrbûna pîşeyî
RûpelProfessional meetings
RûpelReports and sector briefs
RûpelMembership and research participation
RûpelContact the industry platform
RûpelAntitrust, independence and financial perimeter
RûpelSTEM foundation of Reinsurance and Catastrophe
RûpelKar di vî warî de çawa dimeşe
RûpelDi Foundry de ava bike
RûpelCeribandin li Universe
RûpelDi Reports de biweşîne
RûpelHeman qad li seranserê Konsorsiyûmê
RûpelMijar
Ev rûpel li ser Konsorsiyûmê te ber bi kû ve dibe.
Pirs û bersiv.
Who publishes Reinsurance and Catastrophe?
Is Reinsurance and Catastrophe active?
Ez çawa dikarim beşdar bibim?
Encam li ku têne weşandin?
Kîjan nirxên vê platformê rastîn in?
Ez çawa çewtiyekê rapor bikim?
Does the platform price or place reinsurance?
Does it endorse any catastrophe model?
Ji vê rûpelê delîl bidin.
Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
- E-nameGateway GW-GRAJi vê rûpelê bişîninDelîl, rastkirin, doz, rêbaz, nirxandin, wergerandin an têketina profîlê. Bi nîşana vê rûpelê digihîje, ji ber vê yekê edîtorê xwediyê wê wê bistîne.
- ZenodoDepoya vekirîWê razînin û ji civakê re bişîninTomara xwe li Zenodo bi ORCID iD ya xwe biweşînin, paşê wê li wir ji civaka Reports re bişînin. Kurator wê vedikolin; DOI ya we dimîne.
- rêzeya Pergalên StratejîkGlobal Risks AllianceHemû rêyên beşdariyê bibîneCureyên beşdariyê, her yek çawa tê nirxandin, tu çi navlêkirinê distînî, lîsans û tiştê ku qet nayê qebûlkirin.
Tu carî daneyên şexsî, hûrgiliyên binesaza hesas an tiştekî ku mafê we yê parvekirinê tune ne neşînin. Beşdarî berî bikaranînê tê nirxandin; şandina wê nivîskarî an mafên edîtorî nade û sponsorî tu carî encamekê nakire.
How Reinsurance and Catastrophe works.
Choose a view and press Play to follow the platform’s process, its programme year, the standards it applies and how its findings are published. The outline shows how the work is designed to run, not the status of any decision.
Process explorer · Reinsurance and Catastrophe
How Reinsurance and Catastrophe works
8 gav·4 qonax
Sîgortaya duyemîn û katastrof
How Reinsurance and Catastrophe works
Platform · Sala bernameyê · Standards · rêzeya Pergalên Stratejîk
Platform qadekê bi rêbazên bi nav, delîlên bi etîket û derketinên ku diweşîne ve girê dide, bêyî ku bibe rayedara ku xizmetê dike.
01 Çarçove
- 01Wer û malbatDestpêk · Serokê platformêRûpela sereke qadê, malbatên wê û yên ku xizmetê dide wan dide diyarkirin.
- 02Dosyeyên mijaranTomar · Nivîskarên platformêMijar mijarê bi delîlên bi etîket vedibêjin.
02 Delîl
- 03Etîketên delîlanTomar · GCRIHer nirx etîketkirî ye: çavdêrîkirî, statîstîka weşandî, texmînkirî, modelkirî, senaryo an nenas.
- 04RêbazGav · Xwediyên rêbazanRêbaz ji STEM Commons têne, her yek bi rûpeleke kanonîk.
03 Work
- 05Senaryo li ser pergalanModel · Stûna FoundrySenaryoyên ku li ser pergalên Nexus têne xebitandin, wekî senaryo têne nîşankirin.
- 06Standardên ku têne sepandinTomar · Nexus StandardsPlatform standardên ku têne sepandin nav dike. Raporta vekolîner delîl e ji bo nirxandinê.
04 Biweşîne
- 07ÇapanTomar · ReportsEncam bi sînorên xwe re bi riya Reports têne weşandin.
- 08Rayedar biryar dideEncam · Rayedara jêhatîBiryar û cîbicîkirin li cem hukûmet, operator an saziya bi lîsans dimînin.
Reinsurance and Catastrophe home · Platforms · Shared methodsVê kurte ravekirinê dide ka xebat çawa hatiye sêwirandin ku bimeşe; rewşa tu biryar an tomarê rapor nake.
Take part in Reinsurance and Catastrophe.
Start from who you are. Answer an open call. Or form and lead a competence cell on the Reinsurance and Catastrophe platform.
Saziyên neteweyî
Wezaret, ofîsên statîstîkê û ajansan: masa neteweyî û beşa neteweyî, û kursiyek di komên xebatê de. Beşên neteweyî
Sektor û pîşe
Operators, regulators, banks, insurers and professional bodies whose work touches Reinsurance and Catastrophe. Beşdar bibe
Standards
Rêbaz û standardên daneyê bi komên xebatê re pêşnûme bike, binirxîne û bipejirîne. Komên xebatê
Civak û lêkolîn
Zanîngeh, civaka sivîl û pisporên takekesî: proje, dane û vekolîn. Ji tîmê re binivîsin
| Banggewaziya vekirî | Digere | Digire |
|---|---|---|
| Banga damezrandinê ya ji bo pisporan ji bo komên xebatê CALL-FOUNDING-EXPERTS | pispor, edîtor, serok | 2026-12-15 |
| Berjêrkirina vekirî ji bo sê kursiyên pisporên serbixwe yên Global Standards Council CALL-GSC-IND | council-member | 2026-12-01 |
| Berendamkirinên endamên herêmî yên demkî (tenê heke maddeya veguhêz were biryardan) CALL-GSC-REG | council-member | 2026-12-15 |
| Nirxandina xeta bingehîn a xetereyê ya pêla 1 (C1, C2, C3, C4, C8, C10, C11) CALL-REVIEW-WAVE1 | tevkar | 2027-01-31 |
| Pispor ji bo standardên bingehîn ên zanista xetereyê: nediyarî û pileyên delîlan, pîvan, nirxandina pisporan a sazkirî, tehemulbûn, nirxên giran û bûyerên tevlihev, xetera karesatî û hebûnî, etîk û wekhevî, yekeyan û pîvandin (NRS-C17 heta NRS-C24) CALL-CORE-SCIENCE | pispor, edîtor, serok | 2027-01-31 |
| Nirxandkarên serbixwe ji bo malbatên atlasa metirsiyan, sê ji herî kêm du herêman ji bo her malbatê (NHS2-R19), malbatên pêşîn bi pêşî CALL-ATLAS-REVIEW | pispor | 2027-03-31 |
| Endamên Panela Vekolîna Ewlehiya Sînor a demkî û vekolînerên tîma sor (ewlehiya biyolojîk, ewlehiya AI, ewlehiya binesaza girîng); serlêdan bi nepenî têne rêvebirin CALL-FRONTIER-SAFETY-REVIEW | pispor | 2026-11-30 |
| Pisporên ontolojî, metrolojî, verastkirina nermalavê û nirxandina lihevhatinê ji bo qeyda pêdiviyan, nûnertiya makîneyî ya NHS-2, komên ceribandina lihevhatinê û pîlana nirxandina lihevhatinê CALL-CONFORMANCE-ONTOLOGY | pispor, edîtor | 2027-01-31 |
Banggewazî yên ku dîroka girtinê borandine bi xweber têne veşartin. Hemû banggewazî, pêşniyar û rê: qad û banggewazî yên vekirî.
Şaneyê kom bike
Sê heta heft kesan bi jêhatîbûnên temamker bi hev re bînin cem hev: dane, pratîka zeviyê, siyaset û ragihandin.
Tomar bike
Write to the team with the cell’s name, members, area and region. You receive a reference and a contact. Ji tîmê re binivîsin
Peymanekê hilbijêrin
Yek navend hilbijêrin: lêkolîn û delîl, dane û nexşe, vekolîna standardan, an amadekariya civakê.
Bi hev re fêr bibin
Rêyên xwendinê yên hevpar ên xetereyê li Risk Academy bişopîne, bi pratîk û tomara her kursa qediyayî. Metirsî û berxwedan
Rêve bibe û raporê bide
Danişînên birêkûpêk li dar bixin. Ya ku şaneyê fêr dibe bi riya Reports biweşînin. Encaman bigihînin komên xebatê. Komên xebatê
Ya ku tîmeke neteweyî an civakeke herêmî niha dikare li ser The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX) bike.
Your country’s profile
Profîlên xetereyê yên vekirî ji bo 195 welatan, bi çavkanî û lîsansê li ser her nirxê. Index veke
Rast bike an bersiv bide
Nirxekê rast bike an ji bo welatê xwe bersiv bide. Guhertin bi bandora xwe tê tomarkirin. Index veke
Daneyên pêşkêşiyê
Daneseteke pêşkêş bike. Ew bi derîyê lîsansê re bi krediya we dikeve. Index veke
The Global Risks Index
Her wêneyê vê rûpelê hatiye indekskirin: metirsî, avhewa, nakokî, cîhan.
205 çavkanî·451 nîşander·905 metirsî·54 rêze·195 profîlên welatan
The Index is the Consortium’s indexing system for risk data. Every indicator, hazard, series and country profile carries its Nexus Standards , çavkanî û lîsansa xwe digire, da ku ya ku ev rûpel nîşan dide were şopandin, rastkirin û ji nû ve bikaranîn.
- 01 · Çavkanî205 çavkaniyên tomarkirîHer nirx çavkanî û lîsansa xwe digire; nirxên hatine veşartin têne jimartin.Dane û lîsans
- 02 · Nexus StandardsNIS-1 û NHS-1451 nîşander, 905 metirsî; her tomar UNI.Nexus Standards
- 03 · Index54 rêze, 195 profîlên welatanLi ser standardan hatiye hesabkirin; tu nirx nayê weşandin heta ku çapek neyê berdan.The Global Risks Index
- 04 · Ev rûpelSîgortaya duyemîn û katastrofNexşe, wêne û herik Index di çarçoveya metirsî, avhewa û nakokiyê de dixwînin.API a giştî
Rêzeyên di vê çarçoveyê de metirsî, avhewa, nakokî
- GLBPergalên cîhanîRewşa xetera cîhanîya girêdayî hev: bîst indeksên qadan ên li ser cîhanê hatine kombûn, pênc pergalan bingehîn (av, enerjî, xwarin, tenduristî, cûrbecûrbûna jîndaran) û girêdanên wan, qeyda dûvik a cîhanî û valahî…NXS-GRX-AR-000002Metirsî · Avhewa · Pevçûn
- THÎstîxbarata Xetera Karesatan (DRI)Nîşan, çavdêrî, herikên bûyeran, qatên erdnîgarî û pakêtên senaryoyê hatine veguherandin agahiya xetereyê ya birêkûpêk ji bo amadekarî û plankirinê.NXS-GRX-AR-000111Metirsî · Avhewa · Pevçûn
- GSBajarên CîhanêRûbirûbûna bajarî, germ, lehî, niştecihên neyasayî, girêdayîbûna xizmetan û giraniya aborî ya bajarên di xetereyê de.NXS-GRX-AR-000068Metirsî · Binesazî · Avhewa
- GSAvhewaya cîhanêMetirsiya fîzîkî ya avhewa ya domdar û ya tûj, rûbirûbûna veguherînê, valahiyên lihevhatinê û rêçên senaryoyê heta 2030, 2050 û 2100.NXS-GRX-AR-000065Avhewa · Metirsî · Fînans
Profîlên welatan cîhan
Her profîla welat çavkanî û lîsansa her nirxê dihewîne. Nirxekê rast bike an bersiv bide
Qadên metirsî NHS-1
- Atmosfer û hewaNXS-GRX-AR-000135
- Erdê hişkNXS-GRX-AR-000138
- Bûyerên pergalî û tevlihevNXS-GRX-AR-000148
Geodane û API vekirî
Qatên vekirî li ser tora şeşgoşeyan a bi qada wekhev, wekî qebare li ser her km² an wekî sembol têne nîşandan: Mirov · GHSL 2025Mirov · WorldPop 2025Qada avakirîBenderBalafirgehRêRêhesinÇem û xetên navîn ên gol
/api/v1/public/grix · https://nexustandards.com/uni/{uni}
Pêşdebir · Dane · Bi Natural Earth, Domaina giştî; GHSL û WorldPop, CC BY 4.0 hatiye çêkirin
Wêneyê qeydên Index ên di 2026-10-23 · 22c6eed de hatine sabitkirin. Agahiyên lêkolînê û analîtîka xetereyê: ne nirxandin, ne dabeşkirina fermî, ne hişyarî, ne pîvan û ne şîret in.
Bring an exposure or capital question to the Alliance.
Agahî û pirs îro vekirî ne. Pirsek referansekê distîne û gava piştî wê dide nasîn; serlêdan, drav, veqetandina hesabkirinê û tomarkirin tenê dema ku tîm, mercên wê û kapasîteya vekolînê hebin vedibin.
Belgeyên hiqûqî.
Nexşe, dane û jimarên vê malperê ji bo çarçoveyê û agahiyên giştî têne nîşandan. Ew ne şîret, ne pêşbînî û ne hişyarî ne; sînorên agahiyê di Daxuyaniyên Berpirsiyariyê û Daxuyaniyên Daneyê de hatine diyarkirin.