A06 · PROCESS · globalGRA dossier · service level R0
GRADevelopment Finance NexusEstablished
Global subject programme

Global industry questions

Priorities of Development Finance Nexus shared across countries, and the methods used to compare them. A global programme is a shared agenda, not a claim of global offices.

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Publisher
The Global Risks Alliance
Field
Development finance, Critical infrastructure, Economic development
Status
Established
Service level
R0: information and enquiries

Workstream tracker

Global industry questions · Programme year 3

Two milestones at riskGRA · Development Finance Nexus

Workstreams

owner · stage · status

SME credit line designIndependent evaluatorBuildM7 · week 15On track
Safeguards reviewMinistry of financeScopingM4 · week 2On track
Handoff to financing institutionProject sponsorScopingM3 · week 2At risk
Country readiness dossierProject sponsorScopingM6 · week 4Blocked
Adaptation project preparationDevelopment finance institutionTestM3 · week 10At risk

Effort against plan

person-weeks

SME credit line design46 pw · req 42Safeguards review54 pw · req 42Handoff to financing…10 pw · req 43Country readiness…37 pw · req 24

Milestones

  1. W5M1SME credit line design: scoping note signed
  2. W13M2Inputs qualified at the gate
  3. W20M3Safeguards review: build review
  4. W27M4Controlled test with observers
  5. W41M5Publication and decision record

Development Finance Nexus · Workstream trackerWorkstream tracker, in outline: domain structure with placeholder names and illustrative values, not a record.

01In brief

The short answer.

The Development Finance Nexus global programme is the shared agenda of priorities in the development finance field that cut across countries, such as country programme readiness and financial inclusion and small enterprises, with the methods used to compare them. It is an agenda, not a claim of global offices, and each element shows its status from the programme record.

02Canvas

Scoping to review.

Canvas · scoping to reviewDesign, not a record
Global industry questions: the policy cycleA problem reaches the agenda, options are formulated and appraised, consultation tests them, the mandate holder decides, implementation and monitoring follow, and evaluation feeds the next agenda. Design of the process, not a record of a run.

Fig.A programme from scoping to the owner's decision. Design, not a record.

03Geography

People and exposure in Southern Africa.

For global industry questions, in GRA's spatial-finance reading, the map opens on night lights and population density with night lights tonight from NASA GIBS, framed on Southern Africa; every other NASA layer, live feed and forecast waits in the layer list.

The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.

Layers 2

People and exposure, for this page

Latest available

NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) · Natural Earth

Loading the latest NASA imagery.

Drag to move. Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.

For global industry questions, in GRA's spatial-finance reading, the map opens on night lights and population density with night lights tonight from NASA GIBS, framed on Southern Africa; every other NASA layer, live feed and forecast waits in the layer list.Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date; indicators, not assessments of any place; claim ceiling INTEGRATED.

Data: NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Natural Earth · GDACS · CIESIN/Columbia, NASA SEDAC HBASE · NASA/NOAA VIIRSSources and licences

  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; distributed by the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). CC BY 4.0
  • VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. Public domain
  • © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). ODbL
  • Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, © OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.
  • Globe: MapLibre GL JS 6.9.1, BSD-3-Clause, © MapLibre contributors.
  • Live: GDACS (EC JRC / UN OCHA) Events are indicative, not official warnings.
  • Context: CIESIN/Columbia, NASA SEDAC HBASE. Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University, and NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC): Global Human Built-up And Settlement Extent (HBASE) 2010; Seto, Guneralp and Hutyra 2012, Global Grid of Probabilities of Urban Expansion to 2030; Global Urban Heat Island (UHI) Data Set, 2013.
  • Observed (EO): NASA/NOAA VIIRS (Suomi NPP). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • Optional layers (35 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.

Layers and dates

  • Night-time lights, daily: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC · 12 Oct 2026
  • Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · static
  • Flood water, 3-day composite: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE · 14 Oct 2026
  • Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite: VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day, NASA LANCE · 14 Sep 2026
  • True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026
  • Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC · 2024

04Scope

Global subject programme in Development Finance Nexus.

  1. 01

    Country programme readiness

    Evidence for national and regional development priorities.

  2. 02

    Public investment and projects

    Infrastructure preparation and risks.

  3. 03

    Climate adaptation finance

    Development challenges and adaptation.

  4. 04

    Food, water and energy investment

    Essential service resilience.

  5. 05

    Social risk and inclusion

    Equity and human development.

  6. 06

    Financing gaps and evidence

    Evidence before institutional decisions.

05Global agenda

Development Finance Nexus questions that cut across countries.

  • Does resilience investment pay under plausible futures? (Development Finance Nexus)
  • Where do hazard and poverty coincide? (Development Finance Nexus)
  • How do debt clauses change outcomes? (Development Finance Nexus)

The global Development Finance Nexus agenda is international development finance rules, read against World Bank and IFC, Multilateral development banks and IMF and World Bank.

These Development Finance Nexus questions are framed for development bank project and risk officers, environmental and social specialists and ministry of finance and planning staff, with scenario designs such as a drought against an irrigation investment.

06Status

Work is shown as its record stands.

Programmes are listed as exploring, forming, constituted, active, paused or archived. Country and regional entries appear when a programme record supports them.

All programmes in Development Finance Nexus

07Key terms

Terms used on this page.

Each term as this page uses it. Where a standard-setting body defines the term, the wording follows that body.

TermDefinition
ProgrammeA group of related projects and activities managed together to obtain benefits that managing them separately would not, in the sense the Project Management Institute's programme standard uses.
Results-based managementA management approach in which everyone contributing to a set of results makes sure their processes, products and services serve those results, and measures progress against them, as the UN Development Group handbook sets out.
Theory of changeA stated chain of causes from a programme's activities to its intended outcomes, used to plan evaluation.
Environmental and social safeguardsRequirements lenders set so financed projects avoid, minimise and offset harm to people and the environment.
08Sources

Where this page's references lead.

The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.

09Questions

Questions and answers.

How do I propose work at this level?
Write to contact@therisk.global or a regional desk. A proposal receives a reference.
Related

Around Development Finance Nexus.

Development Finance Nexus

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