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GRA · Insurance Nexus

Spatial financeLà où le capital rencontre l'aléa, l'exposition et la transition

Vue d'ensemble de la discipline financière

Insurance is the financial discipline of pricing, pooling and transferring risk. This page, part of Insurance Nexus at the Global Risks Alliance (GRA), sets out how the sector works as a system: who carries risk, how capital supports it, how regulation shapes it and where systemic questions arise. It treats insurance operations as a subject of research, not execution; GRA performs no insurance activity of its own.

Méthodes STIM
5
Méthodes canoniques appliquées par ce domaine
Sujets
9
Pages thématiques sur le terrain
Homologues
13
Plateformes dans des domaines partagés à travers le réseau
Séries de rapports
2
Séries de Reports auxquelles il contribue
01How the sector works

Pooling, capital and transfer.

An insurer collects premiums from many policyholders, invests them and pays claims as losses occur. Its solvency depends on pricing risk adequately, holding enough capital for bad years, and matching investments to the timing of its liabilities. Reinsurers take on part of insurers’ risk, particularly from catastrophes, and capital markets increasingly share it through instruments such as catastrophe bonds. Brokers and agents connect buyers with carriers; actuaries estimate liabilities and price products.

Regulators supervise insurers to protect policyholders, generally through risk-based capital requirements, governance standards and conduct rules. International standards are developed through the International Association of Insurance Supervisors. Accounting standards shape how liabilities and profits are reported.

02Spatial finance

Exposition, aléa et courbe de dépassement.

Quels lieux génèrent les pertes lors d'une année sévère, et jusqu'où elles remontent dans la réassurance. Valeurs de conception illustratives.

Exposition côtière dans les zones de cyclones et de séismes, à côté de la courbe de pertes qu'elle produit.Valeurs de conception illustratives, ni un résultat de modèle ni un prix.
03Supervision

Who supervises insurance, and how the regimes differ.

RégimeCapital basisClimate expectations
Solvency II (EU), with 2025 review applying from January 2027One-year 1-in-200 valeur à risque on economic balance sheetClimate scenarios in the ORSA where material
Insurance Capital Standard (IAIGs)Group prescribed capital requirement adopted in 2024Through ICPs and the 2025 climate application paper
US risk-based capital (NAIC)Factor-based RBC with a catastrophe risk chargeNAIC climate risk disclosure survey aligned with TCFD
Takaful regimesIFSB standards adapted locallyVarie selon la juridiction
04Suivi

Vue d'ensemble du domaine.

L'écran qu'une équipe utiliserait pour suivre ce sujet : ses mesures, ses états et ses décisions. Les noms sont des exemples et les valeurs sont illustratives.

Field overview: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Insurance.Noms donnés à titre d'exemple et valeurs illustratives ; une conception, non un enregistrement ni un système en service.
05Questions systémiques

Là où une compréhension commune est nécessaire.

  1. 01

    Correlated losses

    Events that strike many policyholders at once, such as catastrophes, pandemics and cyber incidents. See property and casualty.

  2. 02

    Insurability

    Whether rising or uncertain risks can still be priced and covered. See climate and nature risk.

  3. 03

    Déficits de protection

    Losses that fall outside insurance, onto households, firms and governments. See insurance protection gaps.

  4. 04

    Modèles et données

    How models and AI shape pricing, and their limits. See underwriting and pricing risk and insurtech and AI.

  5. 05

    Structure du marché

    How roles, concentration and capital flows affect resilience. See insurance market structure.

06De la recherche, pas de l'exécution

Ce que la GRA fait et ne fait pas ici.

GRA studies the sector at aggregate level. It does not assess individual firms, recommend products or counterparties, or advise on any transaction. How risk moves into and out of the sector is set out on transmission au sein du système financier. Hazard science comes from Climat et aléas au The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), and wider stability questions are examined by Financial Stability.

GRA does not underwrite, sell, solicit, negotiate, place or broker insurance, and it does not rate, advise on or arrange transactions. Readiness work is not approval.

08Pages

Pages de Vue d'ensemble de la discipline financière.

09Questions

Questions et réponses.

Does GRA advise insurers?
GRA does not underwrite, sell, solicit, negotiate, place or broker insurance, and it does not rate, advise on or arrange transactions. Readiness work is not approval. Its outputs serve the industry and the public at sector level.
Why does insurance matter for financial stability?
Insurers are large investors and absorb losses from the real economy. Large or correlated losses can transmit stress to capital markets, lenders and public budgets.
Quelles méthodes soutiennent ce travail ?
Méthodes décrites sur la page du fondement STIM, including actuarial mathematics and extreme value theory and tail risk.
RapportsContribuer

Apportez des éléments de preuve depuis cette page.

Rapports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

Global Risks AllianceInsurance NexusPréparation de la finance et de l'assuranceRisque et résilience sectoriels mondiaux
Insurance Nexus

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