GRA · Banking Nexus

Spatial financeWhere capital meets hazard, exposure and transition

Bankwese-nexus

Banking risk, resilience, credit, liquidity, operational dependencies and emerging technologies. Banking Nexus is an established platform of The Global Risks Alliance.

STEM methods
5
Canonical methods this field applies
Topics
10
Subject pages in the field
Counterparts
11
Platforms in shared fields across the network
Report series
2
Reports series it contributes to
01Register

22 pages under Banking Nexus.

Bankwese-nexus
  1. 01STEM methods5 canonical methods applied
  2. 02Topics10 subject pages
  3. 03Counterparts11 platforms in shared fields
  4. 04Report series2 Reports series
  5. 05Industry scopeIndustry scope and publisher
  6. 06Financial disciplineFinancial discipline overview
  7. 07Professional researchProfessional research
  8. 08Technology emergingTechnology and emerging practices
02Frameworks

What the work is read against.

The platform does not set standards. It reads its evidence against the frameworks that competent bodies have adopted, so a finding can be placed where a decision-maker already works.

Framework or standardBodyWhat it sets
Basel III frameworkBasel Committee on Banking SupervisionMinimum capital, leverage, liquidity coverage and stable funding requirements and the capital buffers above them
Core Principles for Effective Banking SupervisionBasel Committee on Banking SupervisionBaseline standards for supervisory powers, licensing, risk management and governance, assessed in IMF and World Bank FSAPs
Principles for the effective management and supervision of climate-related financial risksBasel Committee on Banking SupervisionExpectations for bank governance, risk management and scenario analysis of climate-related risk, and for its supervisory review
Key Attributes of Effective Resolution Regimes for Financial InstitutionsFinancial Stability BoardResolution powers, recovery and resolution planning and cross-border cooperation so a bank can fail without taxpayer support
IFRS 9 Financial InstrumentsInternational Accounting Standards BoardClassification of financial assets and forward-looking expected credit loss provisioning in three stages
NGFS climate scenariosNetwork for Greening the Financial SystemReference transition and physical risk pathways used by central banks and supervisors for climate scenario analysis
IFRS S2 Climate-related DisclosuresInternational Sustainability Standards BoardDisclosure of climate-related risks and opportunities, including financed emissions and climate resilience
Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process (SREP)European Banking Authority and ECB Banking SupervisionSupervisory process assessing business model, governance and risks to capital and liquidity, setting Pillar 2 requirements and guidance
Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) and supervisory stress testingBoard of Governors of the Federal Reserve SystemSupervisory process of stress scenarios and capital plan review that sets the stress capital buffer for large US banks
ISO 31000 Risk management guidelinesInternational Organization for StandardizationPrinciples, framework and process for managing risk across an organisation
03Monitor

Capital and liquidity console.

The screen a team would use to follow this field: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.

Capital and liquidity console

Bank B · Reporting date Q2

All ratios above requirementGRA · Banking Nexus

Capital stack

% of RWA vs requirement and buffers

CET1, %15 of 10.5 requiredTier 1, %16.0 of 12 requiredTotal capital, %16 of 14.5 requiredLeverage, %6 of 3.25 required

Liquidity

% vs minimum

LCR, %140 of 100 requiredNSFR, %111 of 100 requiredSurvival horizon77 days of 30 days required

CET1 ratio walk, stress scenario

Capital and liquidity console: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Bank B.Example names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.
05Stress test

How a shock to assets becomes a system loss.

The equity the system loses after interbank contagion, against the initial hit, as leverage, interconnection and recovery rates change, the core of a macroprudential stresstoets. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction.

Controls

Fall in external assets
2.0%
Leverage (assets over equity)
10 times
Interbank share of assets
10%
Recovery on interbank claims
40%
Banks in the system
20
Core banks
20% of banks

Readouts

Equity lost to the initial shock
18.0%
Equity lost after contagion
45.0%
Added by contagion (DebtRank)
27.0 points
Banks in default
0
Numbers, methods and sources
RoundSystem equity lost (%)Banks in default
018.000
128.800
235.280
339.170
441.500
542.900
643.740
744.240
844.550
944.730
1044.840
1144.900
1244.940
1344.960
1444.980
1544.990
1644.990
1745.000
1845.000
1945.000
2045.000
2145.000
2245.000
2345.000
2445.000
2545.000
2645.000
2745.000
2845.000
2945.000
3045.000

Metodes

  1. DebtRank Battiston and others (2012), Scientific Reports 2:541
  2. Differential DebtRank Bardoscia and others (2015), PLOS ONE 10
  3. Contagion in financial networks Gai and Kapadia (2010), Proc. R. Soc. A 466
  4. Clearing in financial networks Eisenberg and Noe (2001), Management Science 47
  5. Uncertainty fan (parameter Monte Carlo) Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333
  6. One-at-a-time sensitivity (tornado) Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley

Data

No observed data enters this model: it runs on the teaching values set by the controls, to be replaced with a programme’s own evidence.

How a shock to assets becomes a system loss. Illustrative teaching model: it runs on the values set by the controls, not on measured data. Methods: DebtRank (Battiston and others (2012), Scientific Reports 2:541); Differential DebtRank (Bardoscia and others (2015), PLOS ONE 10); Contagion in financial networks (Gai and Kapadia (2010), Proc. R. Soc. A 466).
06Oorsig

What Banking Nexus does.

Bank risk management is how banks identify, measure, limit and carry the risks they take, from credit and liquidity to operational, model and climate risk, under prudential rules such as Basel III. Banking Nexus, the Global Risks Alliance’s platform for the sector, explains how those risks reach households, firms and the financial system; it assesses no bank and gives no advice.

Who it serves

Its community

Bank risk professionals; credit officers; treasury; banking technology and governance.

Hoe dit werk

Its methods

Stress testing; operational resilience; credit and liquidity frameworks.

What it produces

Its outputs

Bank resilience guides; cross-system exposure research; sector briefings.

07Twin and cascade simulator

Trace a shock in Banking Nexus to the balance sheet.

Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile Bankwese: the shocks it names, the stelsels and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Pick an initiating shock and step through the cascade to see which exposures it reaches and where losses could concentrate. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every weight is a stated assumption. An exercise, not a forecast, a valuation, a rating or investment advice. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.

Gevare

  • Tropical cyclone
  • Earthquake
  • Ice-jam flood
  • Veldbrand
  • Dam failure
  • Sea-ice loss
  • Storm surge (set off downstream)
  • Intense rainfall (set off downstream)
  • River flood (set off downstream)
  • Flash flood (set off downstream)
  • Dangerous surf (set off downstream)
  • Widespread power outage (set off downstream)
  • Mass displacement (set off downstream)
  • Coastal flood (set off downstream)
  • Coastal erosion (set off downstream)
  • Aftershock sequence (set off downstream)
  • Fault surface rupture (set off downstream)
  • Soil liquefaction (set off downstream)

Controls

  • NS-0 Konstitusie en beginsels
  • NS-3 Risikorekord-UNI's (grammatika, oorerflike kruisverwysing, toewysingsgesag)
  • NS-9 Kontekstuele UNI's (ontplooiings, instansies, programinstansies)
  • NS-10 Policies and clauses (machine-readable obligations: definition, binding, evaluation and enforcement)
  • NS-11 Verifikasie en monitering (getuienis, attestasies, zero-trust-ooreenstemmingwaarneming)
  • NS-14 Konformiteit en ooreenkomstabel met eksterne standaarde
  • NRS-U2 Universum platform profile: Banking Nexus
  • NRS-F2 Banking climate, nature and transition risk
  • NRS-H113 Hazard family: Financial-system fragility (NHS-1 soc.financial-system)
  • NRS-K20 Domain pack profile: Climate adaptation (DOMAIN-020)
  • NRS-U8 Universe platform profile: Energy Nexus
  • NRS-D1 Risk-informed development and project screening

Observation

  • BIS statistics (banking, credit, debt securities, property prices) (listed for reference)
  • IMF data services (IFS, FSI, WEO, GFS) (listed for reference)
  • World Development Indicators (listed for reference)
  • GLEIF Golden Copy (LEI Level 1 and Level 2 data) (listed for reference)
  • Bank capital to assets ratio (%)
  • Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)
  • Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP)
  • (a) Number of commercial bank branches per 100,000 adults and (b) number of automated teller machines (ATMs) per 100,000 adults

Example geography

  • Western Europe: 152 hexagonal cells
  • Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG), NASA GIBS
  • Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day/Night Band), NASA GIBS
  • Surface water through cloud, 30 m (OPERA DSWx-S1 radar), NASA GIBS
  • Carbon monoxide, smoke transport (AIRS), NASA GIBS
08Die probleem

Banks sit where real-economy shocks become financial ones.

A bank’s balance sheet is a map of the economy it serves. Its loans are claims on households, firms and governments; its collateral is houses, land, equipment and inventories; its funding comes from depositors and markets that can withdraw quickly. Banking is inherently leveraged and involves maturity transformation, lending long against short-term funding. That is what makes it useful, and what makes it fragile.

Shocks arrive through several channels at once. A flood or drought impairs collateral and borrower income; an outage at a shared technology provider interrupts payments across many banks; a sudden loss of confidence drains deposits in hours through digital channels. Losses reduce capital, which reduces lending, which deepens the downturn that caused the losses. Concentrated exposures to the same regions, sectors or counterparties mean that many banks can be hit together.

Banks also depend on each other and on shared infrastructure: interbank funding, payment and settlement stelsels, cloud and software providers, and common models and data. Understanding these connections, and the way physical, technological and financial risks combine, is a shared problem no single bank can solve from inside its own balance sheet.

09Exposure, loss and capital

What Banking Nexus means for exposure, loss and capital.

The exposure, loss, scenario and capital views a risk officer, supervisor or ministry of finance would ask for, with the frameworks they report against. Structures follow supervisory and actuarial practice. Values are illustrative: never prices, ratings or advice.

Scenario pathways

How Banking Nexus could be stressed under the scenario families central banks and supervisors use.

OrderlyDisorderlyHot house world202520302035204020452050highlow
Scenario familyTransition riskPhysical riskWhat a stress test asks
OrderlyEarly, gradual policyLaerCan the book absorb a steady repricing?
DisorderlyLate, abrupt policyLower to mediumWhat breaks under a sudden repricing and credit migration?
Hot house worldLimited policyHigh and risingWhere do physical losses concentrate in collateral and insurance?
Scenario families as defined by the NGFS; the curves are an illustrative combined pressure index, not NGFS variables or forecasts.

Disclosure crosswalk

Where evidence on Banking Nexus fits the disclosure and prudential frameworks institutions report against.

PillarTCFDISSB IFRS S2Prudential (BCBS, IAIS)Evidence this page can hold
BeheerBoard oversight of climate-related risksGovernance requirementsGovernance and risk appetite principlesWho owns the risk and how it is escalated
StrategyRisks, opportunities and resilienceScenario analysis and resilienceStrategy and business model principlesScenario design and transmission paths
Risk managementIdentify, assess, manageRisk management processesInternal control and ICAAP or ORSAExposure maps and loss views
Metrics and targetsMetrics used and targets setCross-industry and industry metricsData, metrics and reporting principlesIndicator definitions and units
Sources: the TCFD recommendations, ISSB IFRS S2 and the BCBS and IAIS principles, cited by name; the framework texts are the authority. A crosswalk by pillar. It is not a compliance assessment.
NGFS climate scenarios · Network for Greening the Financial SystemIFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosures · ISSBTCFD recommendations · Financial Stability Board TCFDPrinciples for the effective management of climate-related financial risks · Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
10What the platform does

Shared industry understanding, not bank-specific advice.

Banking Nexus is designed for bank risk professionals, credit officers, treasury teams and specialists in banking technology and governance. Its methods are stress testing, operational resilience analysis and credit and liquidity frameworks.

Guides

Bank resilience guides

Precompetitive guidance on shared resilience questions, developed with practitioners and researchers.

Navorsing

Cross-system exposure research

Aggregated research on how hazards, technology and other sectors reach bank balance sheets.

Briefings

Sector briefings

Concise briefings on emerging issues for the banking profession.

GRA is a nonprofit business league for the financial services industry. It does not lend, underwrite, rate, invest, advise on or arrange transactions, introduce counterparties or take transaction-based pay, and readiness work is not approval.

11Spatial finance

A loan book under scenario families.

How physical and transisierisiko could reach a loan book under different scenarios. Illustrative design values.

A loan book across Europe under physical and transition risk.Design values; NGFS scenario names are labels only, not stress test results.
12Oor die hele Konsortium

Five methods, four chapters and many counterparts.

Banking Nexus draws on five canonical methods: financial economics and macro-finance, probability and statistics, network science and contagion, financial and risk engineering and artificial intelligence and machine learning; see the STEM foundation of Banking Nexus. Four chapters carry focused work: Trade and Supply Chain Finance, Housing and Property Finance, Financial Services Risk Management and Islamic Finance and Takaful.

The hazard and dependency evidence that banks need comes from The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), on platforms such as Klimaat en gevare, Water Nexus, Energy Nexus and Disaster Resilience. Governance dialogue on capital and climate is convened by the Global Risks Forum (GRF) on Kapitaal-nexus and Climate and Nature Governance. See all counterparts.

13Coverage

The areas of financial stability this platform takes on.

Banking Nexus studies how banks take, measure and carry risk, and how that risk reaches households, firms and the wider financial system. Its pages cover credit and counterparty exposure, capital and liquidity, operational and third-party resilience, payment dependencies, climate and nature risk, models and AI, governance and Islamic banking. Each page sets out mechanisms, indicators, sources, methods and the board and supervisory decisions the evidence serves. It is shared industry understanding from the Global Risks Alliance, not investment or financial advice.

Area

Credit and counterparty risk

Default, migration and concentration in loan books and trading exposures, and how losses pass between counterparties.

Area

Capital and liquidity

Loss-absorbing capital, liquidity buffers and funding structures, and how they behave when markets and depositors come under stress.

Area

Operational resilience

Continuity of important services through cyber incidents, third-party failures and process breakdowns, within stated impact tolerances.

Area

Payments and market infrastructure

Payment stelsels, central counterparties, settlement systems and the digital services banks depend on to move money and collateral.

Area

Climate and nature risk

Physical and transisierisiko to loan books and collateral across short, medium and long horizons, explored through scenario analysis.

Area

Models and AI

Credit scoring, provisioning and capital models, and the validation and governance that machine learning now demands.

Area

Banking and the real economy

Lending to households, small firms, housing and essential services, and how bank stress becomes a credit squeeze.

Area

Governance and supervision

Boards, risk culture, lines of defence, supervisory review and resolution planning, including the structures of Islamic banking.

14Grounding

Built on named science, technology, engineering and mathematics.

Every claim on Banking Nexus rests on methods with a canonical page in the STEM Commons, so readers can see what a finding depends on and where its limits lie.

Financial economics and macro-financeWaarskynlikheidsleer en statistiekNetwerkwetenskap en aanstekingFinancial and risk engineeringKunsmatige intelligensie en masjienleer

See the STEM foundation of Banking Nexus

15Cycle

How work moves in this field.

A question becomes evidence, a governed build, an organised community, a controlled test, a reviewed publication and, finally, a decision taken by the competent authority under its own rules.

  1. Vraag Universum National, regional or institutional priority. Question in Banking Nexus
  2. Bewyse Foundry STEM foundation of the platform. Evidence in Banking Nexus
  3. Bou Foundry Foundry. Build in Banking Nexus
  4. Organise Universum Nexus ecosystem. Organise in Banking Nexus
  5. Toets Universum Universe (independent site). Test in Banking Nexus
  6. Publiseer Verslae Reports. Publish in Banking Nexus
  7. Besluit Competent authority Competent authorities and institutions, through NXS-RLS (participants, agreements and handoffs). Decide in Banking Nexus
  8. Hernu Universum Corrections and the next annual agenda. Renew in Banking Nexus

Each step of the cycle in the pillar it runs in; the decision stays with the competent authority, outside the programme.

16Ses pilare

How this works across the six pillars.

Banking Nexus works through six pillars of one annual programme, led by the Nexus Consortium, with GCRI, GRF and GRA each contributing in its role: explore, experiment and prototype in Laboratoriums, build, simulate and prepare in Foundry, convene and test in Universe, codify, correct and apply in Nexus Standards, publish in every format in Reports, teach in the open in Risk Academy.

Select pillars · hover lines18 / 18 oordragte

Roete

The whole programme

Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year’s feedback loops.

L · F · U · S · R · A

Pilare
6 van 6
Oordragte
18 van 18
Lusse
17 gesluit

Handoffs in play

  • F01Universe → Foundry · Admitted mission becomes a cycle project with a decision caseReadiness preparation
  • F02Foundry → Universe · Core Build Report and go or no-go evidenceControlled build
  • F03Foundry → Reports · Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profileCloseout
  • F04Universe → Reports · After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13Nahersiening

and 14 more

F01 to F14 are the recorded handoffs of the programme year, each with the artefact that moves and its phase; R1, R2, R3 and R4 carry work around the ring. A loop counts when every pillar on it is selected. Every pillar is led by the Nexus Consortium.
  1. LaboratoriumsWhere questions become experiments and prototypes: new methods, data and tools are tried in the open, with their limits on record, before the Foundry builds them, under the Nexus Consortium.Laboratoriums
  2. FoundryWhere exposure and scenario evidence is built so supervisors, insurers and investors can read it.Banking Nexus in FoundryFoundry
  3. UniversumWhere scenarios are tested in controlled exercises, and finance-readiness dialogues read what they mean for capital and cover.Banking Nexus in Universeuniverse.nexus
  4. Nexus StandardsWhere disclosure and data rules are codified so risk evidence is comparable for finance and insurance.Finance, Insurance and the Economy in Standardsnexustandards.com
  5. VerslaeWhere sector analysis and the finance and insurance readiness series are published, with exposure and limits stated.Banking Nexus in ReportsVerslae
  6. Risk AcademyWhere finance, insurance and public-finance professionals learn to read risk evidence, on Risk Academy.Faculty of Finance and Economics in Academyrisksacademy.com
20Vrae

Questions and answers.

Who publishes Banking Nexus?
The Global Risks Alliance (GRA) publishes Banking Nexus and is responsible for what it publishes. GRA is a nonprofit business league for the financial services industry. It does not lend, underwrite, rate, invest, advise on or arrange transactions, and readiness work is not approval.
Is Banking Nexus active?
Banking Nexus is an established platform of The Global Risks Alliance. Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.
How can I contribute?
Start with the participation paths or write to the contact form. An enquiry receives a reference; it does not create membership, a role or an assignment.
Where are findings published?
Reviewed outputs appear on the publications page, and contributions to the Reports series are listed on Publish in Reports.
Which values on this platform are real?
Indicator names, units, sources, methods and frameworks are real. Levels in figures and canvases are examples in a design. A programme replaces them with labelled evidence it owns.
How do I report an error?
Gebruik corrections and concerns, or write to the integrity concern form. A correction is recorded as a new version, never a silent edit.
Can GRA assess my bank’s exposures?
No. GRA does not perform members’ own credit or risk-management work and assesses no individual bank. It develops shared methods and aggregated evidence each bank can use in its own analysis.
Is Banking Nexus related to supervisory stress tests?
No. Its scenarios are research. A supervisor may use published evidence as any other source, but GRA sets no requirement and conducts no supervisory test.
VerslaeDra by

Dra bewyse vanaf hierdie bladsy by.

Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

Global Risks AllianceBankwese-nexusFinance and Insurance ReadinessScenario and Stress-Test
Hoe dit werk

How Banking Nexus works.

Choose a view and press Play to follow the platform’s process, its programme year, the standards it applies and how its findings are published. The outline shows how the work is designed to run, not the status of any decision.

Bankwese-nexus

How Banking Nexus works

Platforms · Programjaar · Standaarde · Verslae

A platform joins a field to named methods, labelled evidence and the outputs it publishes, without becoming the authority it serves.

  1. 01 Scope

    1. 01Field and familiesStart · The platform leadThe home states the field, its families and who it serves.
    2. 02Topic dossiersRecord · Platform authorsTopics explain the subject with labelled evidence.
  2. 02 Evidence

    1. 03BewysetiketteRekord · GCRIEach value is labelled: observed, published statistics, estimated, modelled, scenario or unknown.
    2. 04MetodesStep · Method ownersMethods come from the STEM Commons, each with one canonical page.
  3. 03 Work

    1. 05Scenarios on the stelselsModel · Foundry pillarScenarios run on the Nexus systems, labelled as scenario.
    2. 06Standards that applyRecord · Nexus StandardsThe platform names the standards that apply. A validator report is evidence for review.
  4. 04 Publish

    1. 07UitgawesRecord · ReportsFindings are published through Reports with their limits.
    2. 08Gesag besluitUitkoms · Die bevoegde gesagBesluite en uitvoering bly by die regering, operateur of gelisensieerde instelling.

Banking Nexus home · Platforms · Shared methods'n Uiteensetting van hoe die werk ontwerp is om te verloop; dit doen nie verslag oor die status van enige besluit of rekord nie.

Neem deel

Take part in Banking Nexus.

Start from who you are. Answer an open call. Or form and lead a competence cell on the Banking Nexus platform.

Roete

National institutions

Ministries, statistics offices and agencies: a national desk and chapter, and a seat in the working groups. Nasionale hoofstukke

Roete

Sectors and professions

Operators, regulators, banks, insurers and professional bodies whose work touches Banking Nexus. Neem deel

Roete

Leer

Courses and practice, with a record of every course completed. Free to study. Oop leer

Roete

Standaarde

Draft, review and adopt the methods and data standards with the working groups. Werkgroepe

Roete

Communities and research

Universities, civil society and individual experts: projects, data and review. Write to the team

Die Global Risks Index

Elke syfer op hierdie bladsy is geïndekseer: gevare, klimaat, konflik, die wêreld.

The Index is the Consortium’s indexing system for risk data. Every indicator, hazard, series and country profile carries its Nexus Standards -identifiseerder, sy bron en sy lisensie, sodat wat hierdie bladsy toon nagespoor, reggestel en hergebruik kan word.

  1. 01 · Bronne205 geregistreerde bronneElke waarde behou sy bron en lisensie; weerhoue waardes word getel.Data en lisensies
  2. 02 · Nexus StandardsNIS-1 en NHS-1451 aanwysers, 905 gevare; elke rekord dra 'n UNI.Nexus Standards
  3. 03 · Die Indeks54 reekse, 195 landprofieleOp die standaarde bereken; geen waarde word gepubliseer voordat 'n uitgawe vrygestel word nie.Die Global Risks Index
  4. 04 · Hierdie bladsyBankwese-nexusKaarte, syfers en stroomvoere lees die Indeks in die konteks van gevare, klimaat, konflik.Openbare API
Bronne205geregistreer, elk met sy lisensie
Aanwysers451NIS-1, 106 saamgestelde indekse, 20 domeinindekse
Gevare905NHS-1, kruiskoppel aan UNDRR-ISC HIP's
Reeks54globaal, sektor, strategies, tegnologie, tematies
Landprofiele195een werf per land

Reekse in hierdie konteks gevare, klimaat, konflik

  1. GLBGlobale stelselsDie toestand van onderling afhanklike globale risiko: die twintig domeinindekse saamgevoeg tot die wêreld, die vyf kern stelsels (water, energie, voedsel, gesondheid, biodiversiteit) en hul koppelings, die globale stertregister en die gaping…NXS-GRX-AR-000002Gevare · Klimaat · Konflik
  2. THRampristo-intelligensie (DRI)Seine, waarnemings, gebeurtenisstrome, georuimtelike lae en scenariopakkette omgesit in gestruktureerde risikointelligensie vir gereedheid en beplanning.NXS-GRX-AR-000111Gevare · Klimaat · Konflik
  3. GSGlobale stedeStedelike blootstelling, hitte, oorstromings, informele nedersettings, diensafhanklikheid en die ekonomiese gewig van stede onder risiko.NXS-GRX-AR-000068Gevare · Infrastruktuur · Klimaat
  4. GSGlobale klimaatChroniese en akute fisiese klimaatgevaar, oorgangsblootstelling, aanpassingsgapings en scenariopaaie tot 2030, 2050 en 2100.NXS-GRX-AR-000065Klimaat · Gevare · Finansies

Al 54 reekse · Die 20 domeinindekse

Landprofiele die wêreld

Elke landprofiel dra die bron en lisensie van elke waarde. Stel 'n waarde reg of antwoord

Gevaardomeine NHS-1

Geodata en API oop

Oop lae op 'n gelykoppervlak-seshoekrooster, getoon as digthede per km² of as simbole: Mense · GHSL 2025Mense · WorldPop 2025Beboude areaHawensLughawensPaaieSpoorweëRivier- en meerhartlyne

/api/v1/public/grix · https://nexustandards.com/uni/{uni}
Ontwikkelaars · Data · Gemaak met Natural Earth, openbare domein; GHSL en WorldPop, CC BY 4.0

Momentopname van die Indeksregisters vasgepen 2026-10-23 · 22c6eed. Navorsings- en risikoanalitiese inligting: nie 'n gradering, 'n amptelike klassifikasie, 'n waarskuwing, 'n maatstaf of advies nie.

Bankwese-nexus

Bring an exposure or capital question to the Alliance.

Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.

The Global Risks Alliance

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Editors and the expert reviewers named on each article decide what we publish. Funders and partners do not review or approve articles before publication.

Licence

Articles: CC BY 4.0. Figures, maps, twins and data: CC BY 4.0. Other uses: ask through the permissions form.