A-P05 · METHODS · stemGRA dossier · service level R0
GRAPayments and Market InfrastructureIn development
STEM foundation

STEM foundation of Payments and Market Infrastructure

The science, technology, engineering and mathematics Payments and Market Infrastructure rests on. Each method has a canonical page in the STEM Commons, hosted by GCRI, and a page here on how it is applied in this field.

Open Payment and financial market technology at Payments and Market Infrastructure Back to Payments and Market Infrastructure
Payments and Market InfrastructureRegister
  1. 01MethodPayment and financial market technology at Payments and Market Infrastructure
  2. 02MethodNetwork science and contagion for payments and market infrastructure
  3. 03MethodReliability and resilience engineering for payments and market infrastructure
  4. 04MethodCybersecurity and cryptography for payments and market infrastructure
  5. 05MethodDistributed ledgers and digital assets for payments and market infrastructure
  6. 06MethodQuantum computing, sensing and communication for payments and market infrastructure

GRA · In development · service level R0

01In brief

The short answer.

The Payments and Market Infrastructure STEM foundation is the set of canonical methods its findings depend on, from payment and financial market technology to quantum computing, sensing and communication. For the Consortium, Payments and Market Infrastructure stewards payment and financial market technology. Each method has a canonical STEM Commons page and a page here on its use in the financial stability field.

02Canvas

Methods feeding this platform.

Canvas · methods feeding this platformDesign, not a record
STEM foundation of Payments and Market Infrastructure: payment from instruction to finalityA payment instruction is validated and screened, queued and settled in central bank money when liquidity allows; settlement is final and reconciled; a contingency route takes over if the primary system fails. Design of the process, not a record of a run.

Fig.The methods this platform draws on and what each one feeds. Design, not a record.

03Geography

Connected activity in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

For STEM foundation of payments and market infrastructure, in GRA's spatial-finance reading, the map opens on night lights and population density with night lights tonight from NASA GIBS, framed on the United Kingdom and Ireland; every other NASA layer, live feed and forecast waits in the layer list.

The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.

Layers 2

Connected activity, for this page

Latest available

NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) · Natural Earth

Loading the latest NASA imagery.

Drag to move. Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.

For STEM foundation of payments and market infrastructure, in GRA's spatial-finance reading, the map opens on night lights and population density with night lights tonight from NASA GIBS, framed on the United Kingdom and Ireland; every other NASA layer, live feed and forecast waits in the layer list.Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date; indicators, not assessments of any place; claim ceiling INTEGRATED.

Data: NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Natural Earth · NASA/NOAA VIIRS · CIESIN/Columbia, NASA SEDAC HBASE · GDACSSources and licences

  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; distributed by the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). CC BY 4.0
  • VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. Public domain
  • © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). ODbL
  • Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, © OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.
  • Globe: MapLibre GL JS 6.9.1, BSD-3-Clause, © MapLibre contributors.
  • Observed (EO): NASA/NOAA VIIRS (Suomi NPP). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • Context: CIESIN/Columbia, NASA SEDAC HBASE. Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University, and NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC): Global Human Built-up And Settlement Extent (HBASE) 2010; Seto, Guneralp and Hutyra 2012, Global Grid of Probabilities of Urban Expansion to 2030; Global Urban Heat Island (UHI) Data Set, 2013.
  • Live: GDACS (EC JRC / UN OCHA) Events are indicative, not official warnings.
  • Optional layers (35 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.

Layers and dates

  • Night-time lights, daily: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC · 12 Oct 2026
  • Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · static
  • Flood water, 3-day composite: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE · 14 Oct 2026
  • Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite: VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day, NASA LANCE · 14 Sep 2026
  • True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026

04Methods

The methods behind the field.

  1. Payment and financial market technologyLiquidity-saving mechanisms · ISO 20022 data quality · Settlement cycle designSteward · Payments and Market InfrastructureApplied here
    Canonical · STEM Commons
  2. Network science and contagionPayment flow networks · Shared provider mapping · CCP membership networksSteward · Systems Science and ModellingApplied here
    Canonical · STEM Commons
  3. Reliability and resilience engineeringImpact tolerance setting · Recovery design · Learning from incidentsSteward · Critical InfrastructureApplied here
    Canonical · STEM Commons
  4. Cybersecurity and cryptographyEndpoint control frameworks · Threat-led testing · Destructive attack recoverySteward · Cybersecurity and Digital ResilienceApplied here
    Canonical · STEM Commons
  5. Distributed ledgers and digital assetsSettlement finality on ledgers · Tokenised settlement experiments · Governance of shared ledgersSteward · Fintech NexusApplied here
    Canonical · STEM Commons
  6. Quantum computing, sensing and communicationCryptographic inventory · Migration planning · Harvest now, decrypt laterSteward · Quantum TechnologiesApplied here
    Canonical · STEM Commons
05Methods

The STEM methods Payments and Market Infrastructure applies, and why.

Each Payments and Market Infrastructure method is described once in the STEM Commons at GCRI and applied here to settlement dependencies and recovery.

06Why it matters

Grounding makes claims checkable.

When a finding names the methods it depends on, a reader can see its assumptions and limits, and an expert in that method can challenge it.

07Key terms

Terms used on this page.

Each term as this page uses it. Where a standard-setting body defines the term, the wording follows that body.

TermDefinition
STEM CommonsThe shared reference of science, technology, engineering and mathematics methods for the Nexus network, hosted by GCRI, with one canonical page per method and a named steward platform.
Steward platformThe platform that maintains the canonical description of a method in the STEM Commons and reviews how other platforms apply it.
Payment and financial market technologyPayment and financial market technology covers the systems that clear and settle transactions and support trading.
Network science and contagionNetwork science and contagion study how the structure of connections among entities shapes the spread of failures, information and disease.
08Sources

Where this page's references lead.

The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.

09Pages

Pages in STEM foundation of Payments and Market Infrastructure.

Method

Payment and financial market technology at Payments and Market Infrastructure

Method

Network science and contagion for payments and market infrastructure

Method

Reliability and resilience engineering for payments and market infrastructure

Method

Cybersecurity and cryptography for payments and market infrastructure

Method

Distributed ledgers and digital assets for payments and market infrastructure

Method

Quantum computing, sensing and communication for payments and market infrastructure

10Questions

Questions and answers.

What is a steward platform?
The platform that maintains the canonical description of a method and reviews how it is applied across the Consortium.
Related

Around Payments and Market Infrastructure.

Payments and Market Infrastructure

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