Payments and Market Infrastructure
The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)
The research behind Payments and Market Infrastructure: the questions it asks, the methods it uses and how evidence is reviewed before it is published.
Fig.How a finding is reviewed before it is published. Design, not a record.
Payments and Market Infrastructure research is the evidence work behind the platform: questions such as retail and wholesale payments and clearing and settlement, answered with payment and financial market technology as well as network science and contagion and reviewed before publication. Every result carries an evidence label, from observed to modelled or expert judgement, and missing data is shown as missing, never filled silently.
For professional research, in GRA's spatial-finance reading, the map opens on night lights, population density and true-colour imagery with night lights tonight from NASA GIBS, framed on the United Kingdom and Ireland; every other NASA layer, live feed and forecast waits in the layer list.
The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.
Layers 3
Activity and exposure, for this page
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Latest available
NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) · Natural Earth
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For professional research, in GRA's spatial-finance reading, the map opens on night lights, population density and true-colour imagery with night lights tonight from NASA GIBS, framed on the United Kingdom and Ireland; every other NASA layer, live feed and forecast waits in the layer list.Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date; indicators, not assessments of any place; claim ceiling INTEGRATED.
Layers and dates
Payment rails and economic continuity.
Settlement exposures and infrastructure.
CCPs, collateral and liquidity.
Interoperability and failure modes.
Operational integrity and threat exposure.
Cloud, identity and outsourced systems.
| Question | Evidence used |
|---|---|
| Where is gridlock risk? | PFMI disclosures, site geography, statistics |
| How diverse are sites? | centres and links |
| What does ISO 20022 change? | payment simulation |
Payments and Market Infrastructure research concerns settlement dependencies and recovery. It is written for FMI risk and operations staff and payment system overseers, carries an evidence label on every value and never performs any institution's own analysis of vendor advice.
Results are labelled as observed, officially reported, estimated, modelled, forecast, scenario or expert judgement. Missing data is shown as missing, never filled silently.
Each term as this page uses it. Where a standard-setting body defines the term, the wording follows that body.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Research integrity | Conduct of research in line with principles of reliability, honesty, respect and accountability, as the European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity sets them out. |
| Evidence label | A tag naming the kind of evidence, such as observed or modelled, that should survive every summary. |
| Reproducibility | Obtaining consistent results using the same data and analysis code as the original study. |
| Settlement cycle | The time between trade date and settlement, such as T+1. |
The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.
The current service level is R0: information and enquiries. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.