A09 · PROCESS · regionsGRA dossier · service level R0
GRAFinancial Regulation NexusEstablished
Regions

Regional exposures

Regional work of Financial Regulation Nexus across the six Consortium regions, each shown with its status. The regions are Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe and Eurasia, Latin America and the Caribbean, the Middle East and North Africa, and North America.

Publisher
The Global Risks Alliance
Field
Financial stability, Governance and institutions, Capital markets and investment
Status
Established
Service level
R0: information and enquiries

Programme board

Supervisory authority · Regional exposures · Cycle 3 of 4

  • Workstreams active
    8Active
  • Milestones due this quarter
    7Watch
  • Decisions pending with owners
    2Watch
  • Open risks
    5
Quarter review dueGRA · Financial Regulation Nexus

Workstreams

by stage

Scoping02
Operational resilience rulesWS-954 · owner: Supervisor
Model risk guidanceWS-938 · owner: Supervisor
In delivery02
Consultation on disclosureMilestone M5 · slipping
Climate risk expectationsMilestone M4 · on plan
Review01
Supervisory review cycleIndependent reviewer named
Closed01
Peer review of supervisorsClosure note on record

Gates

  1. Requestowner named
  2. Scoping noteboundary
  3. Qualifiedinputs
  4. BuildFoundry
  5. Testcontrolled
  6. Publishwith limits
  7. Decisionauthority

Financial Regulation Nexus · Programme boardProgramme board, in outline: domain structure with placeholder names and illustrative values, not a record.

01In brief

The short answer.

The Financial Regulation Nexus regions page maps its work on financial stability across the six Consortium regions: Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Europe and Eurasia, Latin America and the Caribbean, the Middle East and North Africa, and North America. A regional entry appears only where a programme record supports it, with its status.

02Canvas

Scoping to review.

Canvas · scoping to reviewDesign, not a record
Regional exposures: a programme through its gatesA request with a named owner becomes a scoping note; inputs are qualified at a gate; delivery runs in workstreams; a controlled test and an independent review precede publication; the owner decides. Design of the process, not a record of a run.

Fig.A programme from scoping to the owner's decision. Design, not a record.

03Geography

Activity and exposure in World.

For regional exposures, in GRA's spatial-finance reading, the map opens on population density and night lights with built-up and settlement extent from NASA GIBS, framed on World; every other NASA layer, live feed and forecast waits in the layer list.

The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.

Layers 2

Activity and exposure, for this page

Latest available

NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) · Natural Earth

Loading the latest NASA imagery.

Drag to move. Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.

For regional exposures, in GRA's spatial-finance reading, the map opens on population density and night lights with built-up and settlement extent from NASA GIBS, framed on World; every other NASA layer, live feed and forecast waits in the layer list.Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date; indicators, not assessments of any place; claim ceiling INTEGRATED.

Data: NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Natural Earth · GDACS · CIESIN/Columbia, NASA SEDAC HBASESources and licences

  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). CC BY 4.0
  • VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; distributed by the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. Public domain
  • © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). ODbL
  • Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, © OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.
  • Globe: MapLibre GL JS 6.9.1, BSD-3-Clause, © MapLibre contributors.
  • Live: GDACS (EC JRC / UN OCHA) Events are indicative, not official warnings.
  • Context: CIESIN/Columbia, NASA SEDAC HBASE. Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University, and NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC): Global Human Built-up And Settlement Extent (HBASE) 2010; Seto, Guneralp and Hutyra 2012, Global Grid of Probabilities of Urban Expansion to 2030; Global Urban Heat Island (UHI) Data Set, 2013.
  • Optional layers (35 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.

Layers and dates

  • Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · static
  • Night-time lights, daily: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC · 12 Oct 2026
  • Flood water, 3-day composite: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE · 14 Oct 2026
  • Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite: VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day, NASA LANCE · 14 Sep 2026
  • True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026
  • Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC · 2024

04Scope

Regions in Financial Regulation Nexus.

  1. 01

    Prudential regulation

    Banking and insurance prudential frameworks.

  2. 02

    Market conduct and consumer protection

    Disclosure, fairness and protection.

  3. 03

    Macroprudential policy

    System-wide buffers and risk controls.

  4. 04

    Financial technology regulation

    AI, tokenization and digital services.

  5. 05

    Supervisory data

    Risk data, quality and reporting.

  6. 06

    Cross-border supervision

    International standards and cooperation.

05Regional view

Divergence after 2025.

Since 2025, jurisdictions have diverged on timing and scope: the EU applied Basel reforms and narrowed sustainability reporting, the UK set 2027 for Basel 3.1, the US re-proposed its capital rules and moved to rescind its climate disclosure rule, and several Asia-Pacific jurisdictions adopted ISSB-based standards. Cross-border supervision continues at cross-border supervision; diplomacy at GRF regional dialogue methods.

06Status

Work is shown as its record stands.

Programmes are listed as exploring, forming, constituted, active, paused or archived. Country and regional entries appear when a programme record supports them.

07Key terms

Terms used on this page.

Each term as this page uses it. Where a standard-setting body defines the term, the wording follows that body.

TermDefinition
SubsidiarityThe principle that a decision is taken at the lowest level able to take it well, with a higher level acting only where the objective cannot be achieved closer to the people concerned; the Treaty on European Union states it.
Multi-level governanceShared decision-making across local, regional, national and international levels of government.
Programme statusThe recorded state of a programme on Nexus pages: exploring, forming, constituted, active, paused or archived. A plan is never presented as an activity.
09Questions

Questions and answers.

How do I propose work at this level?
Write to contact@therisk.global or a regional desk. A proposal receives a reference.
Financial Regulation Nexus

Bring your expertise to this field.

The current service level is R0: information and enquiries. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.

Have questions?