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type=\"text\/x-nexus\" class=\"_iub_cs_skip\" id=\"nxe-mount\" 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auto;padding:0 16px;font-family:ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,\"Segoe UI\",sans-serif;line-height:1.55;overflow-wrap:break-word}#nxe-n2ir7t1o.nxe :where(*,*::before,*::after){box-sizing:inherit}#nxe-n2ir7t1o.nxe :where(section,header,footer,nav,aside){display:block;margin:0 0 32px}#nxe-n2ir7t1o.nxe :where(h1,h2,h3,h4){line-height:1.2;margin:24px 0 12px;font-weight:600}#nxe-n2ir7t1o.nxe :where(p,ul,ol,dl,table,figure,details){margin:0 0 16px}#nxe-n2ir7t1o.nxe :where(ul,ol){padding-left:20px}#nxe-n2ir7t1o.nxe a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px}#nxe-n2ir7t1o.nxe table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;display:block;overflow-x:auto}#nxe-n2ir7t1o.nxe :where(th,td){padding:6px 8px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid;border-color:inherit}#nxe-n2ir7t1o.nxe svg{display:none}#nxe-n2ir7t1o.nxe svg.nx-i{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:18px;vertical-align:-3px}#nxe-n2ir7t1o.nxe :where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n2ir7t1o.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-hero\" data-layout=\"dag\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-title-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-theme-toggle\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Appearance of this page\" hidden><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"light\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Light<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"dark\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Dark<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"auto\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Auto<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-folio\" aria-label=\"Document reference\"><strong>A-P02 \u00b7 TOPIC \u00b7 catastrophe-loss-data<\/strong>GRA dossier \u00b7 service level R0<\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-grid\"><div class=\"nx-hero-text\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">GRA<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reinsurance and Catastrophe<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">In development<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-accent-row\"><span class=\"nx-accent-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span>Topic dossier \u00b7 Reinsurance and Catastrophe<\/span><\/div><h1 id=\"nx-title-1\" class=\"nx-hero-title\">Catastrophe loss data<\/h1><p class=\"nx-tagline\">Every catastrophe model, price and parametric trigger depends on loss data: industry loss estimates, insurer claims, economic loss records and event footprints. These data are incomplete, revised over time and often proprietary. This page sets out how catastrophe loss data are produced and where they mislead, the sources that exist with their licences, and who decides how they are used.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/reinsurance-catastrophe\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/reinsurance-catastrophe\/topics\/\">Back to Topics<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-canvas\"><div class=\"nx-plate\" data-wide=\"true\"><div class=\"nx-plate-label\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Systems<\/strong> \u00b7 around this subject<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Design, not a record<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-figure-frame\" data-scene=\"true\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-cat-ep\" data-cx=\"cat.ep\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Catastrophe model results: illustrative console with placeholder names and values\"><div class=\"nx-fk-head\"><div class=\"nx-fk-heading\"><h2 class=\"nx-fk-title\">Catastrophe model results<\/h2><p class=\"nx-fk-sub\">Catastrophe loss data \u00b7 Cedent C-07 \u00b7 Peril: tropical cyclone<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-fk-btn\" data-fk-act=\"menu\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\" hidden><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v11\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><path d=\"M5 20h14\"\/><\/svg>Export<\/button><ul class=\"nx-fk-menu\" data-fk-menu=\"true\" hidden><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-png\">Image<small>PNG of the map or chart<\/small><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-csv\">Data<small>CSV of the figure's values<\/small><\/button><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><ul class=\"nx-fk-kpis\" data-n=\"4\"><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">AAL<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k0\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">54<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-u\">local m<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k0\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,17.3L10.2,19.7L18.4,13.1L26.5,23L34.7,17.8L42.9,8.2L51.1,16.5L59.3,16.4L67.5,12.3L75.6,4.1L83.8,10.6L92,3L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,17.3L10.2,19.7L18.4,13.1L26.5,23L34.7,17.8L42.9,8.2L51.1,16.5L59.3,16.4L67.5,12.3L75.6,4.1L83.8,10.6L92,3\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"3\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">OEP 1-in-200<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k1\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">350<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-u\">local m<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-d\" data-dir=\"up\" data-good=\"na\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Watch<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k1\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,11.8L10.2,15.9L18.4,16.8L26.5,20.9L34.7,23L42.9,21.4L51.1,16.8L59.3,14.3L67.5,13.5L75.6,14.8L83.8,10.9L92,3L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,11.8L10.2,15.9L18.4,16.8L26.5,20.9L34.7,23L42.9,21.4L51.1,16.8L59.3,14.3L67.5,13.5L75.6,14.8L83.8,10.9L92,3\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"3\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">TVaR 1-in-200<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k2\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">403<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-u\">local m<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Watch<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k2\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,19.3L10.2,23L18.4,19.8L26.5,16.1L34.7,14.2L42.9,14L51.1,11.6L59.3,10.3L67.5,9L75.6,7.6L83.8,3L92,9.5L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,19.3L10.2,23L18.4,19.8L26.5,16.1L34.7,14.2L42.9,14L51.1,11.6L59.3,10.3L67.5,9L75.6,7.6L83.8,3L92,9.5\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"9.5\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">Rooftop geocoding<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k3\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">66<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-u\">pct of TIV<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Normal<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k3\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,15.5L10.2,10.7L18.4,8.6L26.5,12.3L34.7,13.1L42.9,12.5L51.1,14.1L59.3,14L67.5,16.9L75.6,17.6L83.8,23L92,3L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,15.5L10.2,10.7L18.4,8.6L26.5,12.3L34.7,13.1L42.9,12.5L51.1,14.1L59.3,14L67.5,16.9L75.6,17.6L83.8,23L92,3\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"3\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-cx-status\"><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>1-in-200 above retention<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-prod\">GRA \u00b7 Reinsurance and Catastrophe<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-grid\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"chart\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Exceedance probability<\/h4><\/div><\/div><svg class=\"nx-fk-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 460 210\" width=\"460\" height=\"210\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Exceedance probability\" focusable=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" data-fk-chart=\"cx-cat-ep-c0\" data-fk-xs=\"log,2,500,36,446\" data-fk-ys=\"lin,0,100,180,20\" data-fk-xf=\"rp\" data-fk-series=\"OEP|ink|l||2:2.7;5:8.9;10:16.4;25:25.2;50:35.3;100:46.7;250:59.5;500:73.6~AEP|acc|l||2:2.8;5:9.5;10:17.6;25:27.4;50:38.8;100:51.8;250:66.8;500:83.5\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"table\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Programme layers<\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tablewrap\" data-fk-view=\"table:cx-cat-ep-t1\"><table class=\"nx-fk-table\" data-fk-table=\"cx-cat-ep-t1\" aria-label=\"Programme layers\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c0\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c0\">Layer<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c1\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c1\">Attach<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c2\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c2\">Limit<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c3\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c3\">Loss cost (%)<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c4\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c4\">Hit prob.<\/button><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-cat-ep:r1-0\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Retention<\/td><td data-num=\"true\">0<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"47\">47<\/td><td data-num=\"true\"><\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-cat-ep:r1-1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Layer 1<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"79\">79<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"101\">101<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"12\">12<\/td><td>1-in-9<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-cat-ep:r1-2\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\" aria-current=\"true\" data-cur=\"true\"><td>Layer 2<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"170\">170<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"107\">107<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"2\">2<\/td><td>1-in-53<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-cat-ep:r1-3\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Layer 3<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"274\">274<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"294\">294<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"1.4\">1.4<\/td><td>1-in-248<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"6\" data-t=\"steps\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Model pipeline<\/h4><\/div><\/div><ol class=\"nx-cx-steps\" data-n=\"7\"><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Event catalogue<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">stochastic<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Hazard<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">intensity<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Exposure<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">TIV<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Vulnerability<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">damage curves<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Financial<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">terms<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">ELT \u00b7 YLT<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">losses<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"now\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">EP \u00b7 TVaR<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">metrics<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\" hidden><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Catastrophe model results: the screen's structure, terms and states for Catastrophe loss data.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Placeholder names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-caption\"><strong>Fig.<\/strong><span>Catastrophe model results. Design wireframe with placeholder names and illustrative values, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section> <nav class=\"nx-index-strip\" data-nx-spy=\"true\" aria-label=\"On this page\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><a href=\"#nx-sec-brief-answer\"><span>01<\/span>The short answer<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-field\"><span>02<\/span>From a satellite tile to an exposure\u2026<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-question\"><span>03<\/span>Catastrophe loss data: how the risk\u2026<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-terms\"><span>04<\/span>Terms used on this page<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-indicators\"><span>05<\/span>What is measured, and how well<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-pipeline\"><span>06<\/span>From sources to decisions<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-sources\"><span>07<\/span>Where the evidence comes from<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-decisions\"><span>08<\/span>Who decides, and what the evidence\u2026<\/a><\/div><\/nav> <section id=\"nx-sec-brief-answer\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">In brief<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The short answer.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Catastrophe loss data are the records of insured, economic and claims losses from disasters that calibrate models, price contracts and trigger payouts. They differ in definition, are revised over time and are often proprietary. Modellers, contract parties, public authorities and supervisors decide how they are used.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-field\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Spatial finance<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">From a satellite tile to an exposure update.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">How satellite radar turns a flood into an exposure update. Synthetic scene; no real event or place.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-sf\" data-fk=\"geoai-eo\" data-gl=\"sf:geoai-eo\" data-sf=\"geoai-eo\" data-sx-credit=\"synthetic scene and schematic model\" data-sx-src=\"Synthetic scene ~ illustrative, not data\" data-sf-learn-views=\"pipeline pr\" aria-label=\"Interactive figure: the four steps of a flood mapping workflow on a synthetic radar scene, from the tile to the detected flood and an update of affected buildings. The panel steps through or plays the sequence.\" data-nx-z=\"7T1rj+M2kn+FEHDYDWC7+RY1YxvIJpvNApPdIJPN4j7KFt0WWpZ0kuzuHuR\/3ff7ZYeiKFsPypZ7ZnMHbNDwjJsiWawHq4olVvUyik9om4RlufLSl\/nuab7XYeStl872OH301ss96z6p4irR3vovOvv6r+\/QrsgOKERlWOkkiSuNqjjRqMpQmCL9kmflsdDomEdhpZcPe7Ze5t3ZyuPGW3+XJUn2jEK0S7Ismh\/CPI\/TR\/ScFU87eJClAOI1rfa6ireoCKOwQOVWp3qGDtlJo2qvUaS3cRlnKar2hS73WRKhMI3Qc1ht9ygv7NMZKvQ2TBLzDIZtjnECmKJtdkwrVOgyz9JosXzI18tj0l3sdh\/npbdeJvGw3VsvN+uPsKblw2b9sVnsDFGBDsuHJL4y7Ics0okZtt3rQ1jF2xsDvtFJUsKAn3SZJccK0Ca4HvRwTNbLhyg+ObgabqEroFDmYdrjhH5E6cu83M0PWaQ9VGSJXnmPRXbMPRQWcThPwo1OVt4vsX72UBRWYdN5fozRPo4ina6Xm2NVARNec73y6l+6nVdeosMitXPmhS5LHa28qjhqb\/0BHi0f6nGTJtMvuS6q\/my7MCm1t\/6zeXiZ7wHQHpm2Q4xN1QCqqbbyDjo9Wij7sMyz\/JjbRdeN+iUP0+gC+0yQ8vSITrF+\/lP2svIwwohyRHkzlenUTLTLtscy3ADdLQLLPKz2KFp5PxCK+IkQ7+HSdvARwUjAz1y0H\/wgEMV7wqHtoTw9Ah2yNh36gl0j1+ALvzVLarAAyRrnRkMkbeDMc1Acfz2Ej3pZHsIkWf\/4t7+gbGf22yHMUVag7T6EBdWPWwyqxf4OWNvy5K2\/DavQgvrm4y8NqF38eCz0H0p0CpOjLr8EtPL06K1\/0dsqKyy8j7+0UIvTq4i1tmb9b58PT3lcWsDpyuMOVfOUx87d+5TH88Rb\/9jouUbUByrAdIxTfcEPhHPlPeXxu3x06pPt\/rTynprvVSO3a7xQogFYI+aepUXU7FgZmCkALfdhoYGKka70ttIRyuMXnZSoKo7Ja20VdHSG4FKNN+jyk1H6byJK8WaiBG8nStEiikW\/oUlDo88hx3cE\/c9\/ozitdFFqYxNQdtIFOqZvFZ0deTuZMCwGLxTtkustiP3JWvMSxan1CqxE6ZdKp9WbcNu8ETWiGnDu0Udvne2QpG+Wko23LiuwF2iXFRe\/p0TPcbWPU4QXBL9Hhd7pQqdbjS4LuqijLiXK3by2zutlWMaR7j56PMaR7joDf4GmCBW1u1hrwri0qtfrunvNDPMnS9DG3LeINOJWfKx0jpabLg3MSudh5a0J+EIAnJ8RzNfLLOkCLyvduG8NGGhaefjiVJS6WnllFT7qFbaYbo9FoVPTrEFD7vlw2nk1lJHmUWrWZ5b1tfVdwUlePuz5gD5mQO6tf6pdXK1LYGt2fNyjbZIdowX6e65TcGp1AYxN9LYqURJXVaKRTnXx+Go82yTLnkoUhcXT+7OHWzYDUIiSrDr3Q5siftxXtcvbbLougYiTQORtxKBnYgCTE1Rus0KXSIfgp4OOu0qZr1GpHw86rUKjtuopHuNTZwYUorzINuEmTuLqFQRjo82JAui2QD+DiGapRnGJysblnqEUiIKqIoxTHaFUV3AAuUYW6iQLfV\/ti5XAb6MOs9T5Zp9lpYb1NNv6Kll+rI1DuGmOQ5dTUH2wCcvGkCzQ1yjJnnVLY6BdnEYlOmSFrnuhzbFCh\/BJN43gjqIwCYtD+Q5ts0MOxsmBRqWLQ6MIdXFYeeeTl7fOe86JkcApc9RHNm9dtK34NcYwJ2PY2zjS6JR\/mFOsIe75ZFvobVZc50zbJBmV2jFLNbWBmIZNYOZ1gbY6SWbnI2oPGkhtfaKOgKtw0C6r+BBWukWSh8yl22v1m4anO89vI2ejclc7x3mhT976T+H26cbR7cY8qX6pbFNexIeweG1M6d\/0S\/sYV59udRXGSTmUHXO+PR5g\/Ppn+B2ZqMDZLC0fmqfLCKhUjchry5mOqvUyitZ\/rx1964mBMDYs1NHMPKq9tmofQighTJJX4O1i+RBFfUCNUDeuqRNEbyI3LG21oNnEFtZDZI4aNYnWywdjzR0SscmiVxv\/6To+eZxr4xD17ChECnp2NMpS3TDq+lHqshlt28kYX+fZfbmxVrA2lhvrMnw9CATB83coa9vF6likLrMY5rkOC5dhhBGorIosfUzafS\/G0foVvbPjl6AAGafAPw1CLVvWIcTQEA5s6R\/KviWsafTHW3bvqxsob4\/F2zGm7ujPcrP+tu+vN+heMXC7rDjUB36jTOuRF\/aiXZZVeRGn1VkFx5XZTYeweNLRKKJvQIyNs\/LP\/WjomZG7XY3yRR779uB7BoFJG+mbE2wMxJvsgwtTYytGIoaPRRxZ9JLw1bjdEOaYAxldceOyCrfGvbfHys7DPEx14hplHrRi0T07fe5hY88\/g\/KrQ619w3vuagLLHx2qAoWVicm+R6DHzu41ELIJONdmtBWnGSz4EOaWKgVsv5VH5Jxgz91zvslexh5Z+anCTZxG+sWowzryGuZ5Em\/N5rZCBe2RLrdFnEPryjMHeIjpnppgV\/dw9tfB83f1PsmOhcG+BIVgw+7orrC7ifubbWjj\/S6vBrRoamXRQBpIOvjiGhmO2QU1\/MgKlCfha1lbOv1fRzjBLrw6ntoio0HLBq538aPXjbX6UiGusAcvAEpdnPTXZa631U81015+iKP\/\/CGO0EHrampEtoATlGH9YeUlYRp56DmOqv3K86Xy0F6DvVh5APUckrW9d3GSWLHZrrwtnKogsos54smcww8yP58OkiNsWhTC5mOfIIUwfD4dGKGIyHOf1vNPhzmhCjFqh6rz1Bgp+L\/fWUFAugufKwDUjO0vojdeUCT5yEqoMuvtLqKGAXjjLliYStULnHdnPI\/iarBYwFZ1FgsPe79P\/bmsdeR7e76GMGNtdvXm08bEYtMmJGph2fzeYVZPAgaf\/vP+3C54I22fDnOOFSLSzTjOcUs6O\/wmEqkucyjvt3RGj8i3lR7JEaMjkiW5FZUzwpZc9ruTWX1232y7CONVAWj17zB4jNCudtePQ1A+HZS6Qv7ejprLmpFtQo1K0IgEu3ZUW7IHxGlJ\/NjuaDPLKb3jO3HALNdu64xp70AHo1yfsd1y7fuNz6fDXPG5oPPWvv50oKA98YA\/PWHufFxtX+AzRXtd\/d42Mb1297i+THRWcnWOtinrm7RJ2tHwgyo1akMV7uutuaBNm3OHjK8AOI8dhm1sgzg1Uk9gx5AdOAp0aGUp2NCOKLXWMoqgC9HzJmkxwbHKTwfBecuh6JiTObChT2sm6MDOU3BpzqBgMf3d0N8ZTR\/XxzWeD2SwO0fre99A9J2tL\/px7YQpO\/PW5xYrr2k8hzkb81eAx3jOeVfzzRVHgt7y9vpbbiDfc4qH4kMCiviIvFF+3vUtf4fIMVUwcOOT8EnXrjsDP5vI5JYc\/gbaexTGqFWZ4C9+ph95E85V\/7Wrlq6qpjF3bOCefSG38JbPf816TtnT\/0q9MeqhTfDabtH9hq6Zrpdu8OmWJzdVNm\/J3xSv+aZXPd1DPKubTowhyqpL0CBOnzz0svKoYh56XXmMqnP8gQSX8AOhHkR00xKCoyuvyKqw0n+cE0QDihjjX00Dw+CmGoDh5AKGXMAETigcMYYR43IiFOoTC4U6oYwhIxH1JWJcTYUTWKJx\/wKH3oJDFKJBgJhgk8EIyxt+BtNijXIBwTUMOhkVJWsYrEUy3EJFOElGEQ0wYiyYzBlsKYbPYNQN9lNEfYEYF1NlDPuWXOyCimihQpyoBIgRCA9MRkXRAVeI3wLDXWACSzAyFQprNkwLSotiwCOHiElEOUOMT0ZGOMDwW+yXiEqCmJiMDLEkE63dL28KGUGUApjJyIDiurYt2QhnqEBM8K\/u1JiCuXcMGxEzOJ4wie+lGRlRzNIFRiBKKWJ0qsYUvNaYxCdu\/ks3ZwgS4P36U1nDg8DC8d0SwEYkQGAfEcUno+NbMOICht1SAQoJwRFRU8VZAEsASkDvIBpFgsJ96qkCILBlTYDv0cyEI4ElIsFUCyBkLc9E+U44Tt1MkJAKkeBukqlgOhCGBGWIBJO5b7cMCZjb\/Dt15lwhQfw7CMatASBgOl2y7BQywhEPMCIBncx\/K8tKuM0ZG92ahN8Dp9kzirv3jJNqvt0zUxWAZI0JCNy84SMeoGQ+YnKqPpMUD\/1M\/xYyFEka3OFnikANDc3NrekjidkdhkYE1ptl\/h3KbE4YEoFCjNPJNLMGjYm7FA1QDeBMdWclsXAkdfJGjexOCRZN+pMFzXqBjNyjBIiPJHhObLKkcSsDkji54z7R+EgKgZic6tNKYeWZBndsTiCa8O84nsnGp5HMddIYOc8QJI1LM1kHWIvWQUbdspsAhoDrPFkCCB4caYLbPoCEUwCbbDUDOtg06ube5EgEcNAkk9nPhyqA3LYBAkkR3LE1LwpN3nF0ghdO4DlPVjTMnmfliEITo9hwgpg\/VZobn7bt0KgpRBNgn6fSjGA1dGnZLXVGESHiDl\/TFxaXkTOtHFEzit3jnQVDv0nd4gvhSKo7\/NnA4WbymzoGI4Lv4YoUQ1T4zWOzQD67wwMkpDk1STfB3NsFI0KCO3gfcEsx7PQznQJGGCKYIqKmEqxxZn16h7nECN54+lM1Mm+YIpwKGY8cmAW+Q7xkTSyK3fqYj\/AdRJhMVWCENkCIk+8jYSzCGKJYTgaiLBDsFi43KogwH1E8lSVBc1RSzlCJW3lJFMCOp3fC8N1OxahbGcCRfyrflbDUktM3yZwoFDBEyeSzeO1TUsLuopYEGPJO4eqc9ydE4mv5IsFUOH4TVuBuizLm6\/nBHbtRYUuwwEkw34kKQ0oiSmvNZfLN7bXZfHjfNTv1EhltY53hx0wO37th1mY+MmVZNDde45NeeXkGNSgcEIr6ajHM47yGm+hHnUKPfkb2+QFclHakZurXzoXO9TJ2XCNdLx\/iy812uBbrTmm+DYFPgTBDUfF679Spfrw293dN4skhhovt985uXplfmf6n+KSLGdIv2+T4BrrA4m0q0T40d\/XNjetxbJqMACgHEqHnvU7RLgkfH3ugBwn7w\/vu2wIumk9Id4LbzL2iAt2mXVZ08wkOJWxxPJIg07np\/SPM9MVqTfiIL8SJiITQub8Qny77+ssB2DMAIb\/3P\/1A2EIg\/j3xT0Tu56wD8JypMKR8Eke6aG7LN791LtKfMzXMwy5xz4mtbTL+s7n6blJ960emeMQhTi+ZSnVL+HJJ9zAtafZ8yWwxLZV+qVZeL6VleIX9aV4VkDUxkYqQlXXW4kUYJx56IWZ1LxS8MvwfHnoltTl9peb\/h\/YoELU4SRoIrbFSLqTvHL2Ni21yGV\/tj4dNM8H25TJy+1qPLMBW9KzBcA+fwqSnqw2H5kA3b5gKNJZLX8Xbp9Jz7nUz5GeTQHYZ3dTbabXUsDpN\/7BpOlYddCoT2OyWf3GayyBj6HqyiykKZFL\/G13Wziiq6gzIVjbxrRwXU1nguThnupxTAyH5CPL\/6tIDwzGX\/lUtufWAzk5rLXaYFQJzA5XWy6qAr5DWBnp1m53TJ7Jk5UFmkpmzzArIHs3S28lopmcc1dSatbKqTP2kc1pUtb8Ct5kvPR46JYDuXUbaSg6eCttdi6IsII80CU2mTxl\/uogtTPYAVHxoKAoZn0DY82Ke9GvNoncUwkiOVKQie25Q1Inh1UUbVdFahb7gmkgtpL\/b7ZYPFcCJBkSq9e7JFLbh3V6b8JJNONCO8SYsenk9EFyQ0xSmO\/XHcqnjEVstXGP+av49h9VbcXVQb+D3Dzxqs8ymHki8ubgne+GcVcqF757Wqk2gkGGek1vEHMDfzC1Go90kbjFTlODfiFvcOavAn8Erhuln7awg8H\/n1W\/EK\/I5rOIioNO2FTWVUP6NWMWcszK2YJ\/BLIo\/j1m+\/zuzfjNmQTj0c5g10b0gpuDSvxGzqHvWz3Mv6GeaLBL8zq3fkFvm3dXbucXp79z6l3DrwR64HsxZeBhBGIsr\/hZ1NL4dlEy+FWMY1KOxBVme9\/F2D1XXTPU1U7qkbJUcux1saOKonWjLl4j5VfuiE\/ET3TjEzw3mg2gfHYb7FB7E+wQeBvzwwhR\/+\/8a5RN4MTL6VpSvGfm5Ub5qX9gYH5Dq7YE9vKCd0YPpoDIt\/r8M4X2Tpbuj2WKHsCril1v7q6ly9BjGaVnVtU+g4MofylYZz0NYPs1QAa9MWm9Mbu0wU5h4EMo7uAQVqhx3lTaDq8n48s6Z4fbFWXhQb8n48DhZj7uqrzSvM2oybF5bWDc0qd8Nxu1wmkHNIgNydTELsbUKRNhLP\/DyWr9U8zDd7uF9yyGOoloVNlV14fHYNFTI69P8LataBXodUxUGQ3sRqX7PDhcSO5OZF47fNZqznuTxPMMe7P3FWO3nr2Sek75BbHXarryS2fsv9vVuKy+pxUfI8QE7RmFPd1ZttnCLjIMlN\/hLXzYrfni8uWp8fdXW9lJ7YevNq264Nrpq1ln0LX7Be\/4hv76FV663eYVv8spi3fBKys\/k1WC5DdaEiKm8wjd5VYoOr962avNLnD6tvAT6d5g3igafcdVBpG2NfiM1f64UaV7uN2VKr6v6P0ONvksRu7gE9ymL06quVqnR9lic9Pu6sFZWobhsWqEaMZSvfaPOz4tpOp9TjCi9+Lyctjxp86Cl8zva+0INq7Obv7lR9ir3wR\/vKN9qMHraPy8uTS8liFA6wws6IzNOZxzsVfP0tfOUKDqDu1nnsbtLYV9T5a+IddlC6tc4ffo1+ZX+iheSSo45DzhTFFMq3uFFoKRPhZTMJ1IRTt7jhY8FFpL4ge8LqnAAvXwpBZOB5IHCgnPoxe0s3CcBwQR6ScECIikhNGBUmrk6ALkPvQT1CRdMBJgEVIr3eBEQIohUggWMCsUZ9OKMERYIxpViPoW5AkrNglSglC85dCI+RMRgaYxQZaZi5LxyFShYvAq4z6TilGBBJaOmV3vphEIvRTnDkvs0IAEnwXuzhk436CUVJT4WnEompKh7dfpBJ8El4ZxQwmBp0Ecw2cYQOjFOBGXnf02vgMpAShpQwrgCMihMJGckoFwpKqmBd+lAuMRAUl\/6GBNCuKI+xUSZXjVmTAQC2Am9GKOSciV9IqkIGPRqCFB3g14yUJ0f04sZUNLnRPiwLMkDrrhgEivKfV5PxTuTvcMLoRgJGPV9RnBAjdRcOKOMaLzDC658FvBA+IHtDt0UqWFhxnzsAxcZodynWGI\/ED5WQnhtExC+6LJ\/CKlLQcJBAtK04SQB\/5tTBLenCDVU7GffiTc3F+WIIq+9+VqPjwAmjNnzD3yZDLrufR02vwWbgv8BsM2XybDp+XrgOGx5CzYDhxNgmy+TYde9r8NWt2Ab1Wm4DV+msxvLG7DJArthhy\/wV1A6gnYGba49j8C+uGoNcJOMO\/TVmpLLLudnouSfF2Ryl2n9ZZwRlhaULoRrQfW59Tob6BgX+G24vhtsmwNjlLRnlN7wsgLHol0h+0LLbq2cy9\/UALdufrbSzaVTuA5GmZwRuVAfqE8WakbUIvhAVbDwZ5Qs2AcaqIWcUbYIPjApoFXAVx8vghmDDsznC3\/G5IJ8YL4PrWrhf2AKL\/iME\/OVzThfiA9M8UUw42qhPjDlL8RMCHgc4IU\/kxRmDcgimPn4AwvYgs58f0HN12Cm\/IX8wAK+EDOCCcwVCFgsJabdX\/gzItSC9wMpnau2Tysvn6fZ84UI4XZbB1cYpIpAZAUWamIrYsBYENvs2J4sqWeD8X6TpeNm9jnShdrS5naW205lx8F0lVw\/6GqfRa2a699nz+1y66agbNkqup47inibKEdTmtfeC2od\/psKteWT8bAdpZ3fQ63apqZ1J0JZHotduNWorEL4Iwdxav5aSlhXzIYCtJYuMF\/9hyRCtO3FbWaXvyDXcvHfO+4uTavdvECX0sQW9TRqrd+s7T1KM1P8HemTcflNSdytLfOfrz9mx2Kry3eDuf4YJ8mxrApzH6iu7w0C85X9+wDnqvDDK19x7oxPNn8cwEjB\/wI=\"><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>How satellite radar maps a flood and updates the count of affected buildings.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Synthetic scene and schematic model; no real event or place.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gra\/A-P02\/topics\/catastrophe-loss-data\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Reinsurance and Catastrophe live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-question\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The question<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Catastrophe loss data: how the risk develops.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Loss reporting and data quality. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"2\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M5 22h14\"\/><path d=\"M5 2h14\"\/><path d=\"M17 22v-4.172a2 2 0 0 0-.586-1.414L12 12l-4.414 4.414A2 2 0 0 0 7 17.828V22\"\/><path d=\"M7 2v4.172a2 2 0 0 0 .586 1.414L12 12l4.414-4.414A2 2 0 0 0 17 6.172V2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Estimates develop over time<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Industry loss estimates are revised for months or years after an event as claims develop. Contracts triggered on early estimates may settle on different numbers.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M14 2v4a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h4\"\/><path d=\"M4.268 21a2 2 0 0 0 1.727 1H18a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V7l-5-5H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v3\"\/><path d=\"m9 18-1.5-1.5\"\/><circle cx=\"5\" cy=\"14\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Definitions differ<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Economic, insured, total and normalised losses are measured differently by each provider. Comparing them without reconciliation produces false conclusions.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><rect width=\"18\" height=\"11\" x=\"3\" y=\"11\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M7 11V7a5 5 0 0 1 10 0v4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Data are proprietary<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Detailed claims and industry loss data are held by insurers and private aggregators. Public access is limited, which constrains research and public models.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M14.106 5.553a2 2 0 0 0 1.788 0l3.659-1.83A1 1 0 0 1 21 4.619v12.764a1 1 0 0 1-.553.894l-4.553 2.277a2 2 0 0 1-1.788 0l-4.212-2.106a2 2 0 0 0-1.788 0l-3.659 1.83A1 1 0 0 1 3 19.381V6.618a1 1 0 0 1 .553-.894l4.553-2.277a2 2 0 0 1 1.788 0z\"\/><path d=\"M15 5.76v15\"\/><path d=\"M9 3.24v15\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Coverage is uneven<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Loss data are rich where insurance penetration is high and thin elsewhere. Models for low-income regions lack calibration data.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-terms\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Key terms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Terms used on this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each term as this page uses it. Where a standard-setting body defines the term, the wording follows that body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Industry loss estimate<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">A reporting agency's estimate of total insured losses from an event across the market.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Economic loss<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">Total direct losses from an event to property, infrastructure and income, whether insured or not.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Loss development<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">The change in estimated loss for an event as claims are reported and settled.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-indicators\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What is measured, and how well.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each indicator carries its unit, its cadence, the kind of source behind it and the evidence label a value would carry. No values are shown: a programme supplies them under its own authority.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Industry insured loss per event<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">currency<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per event<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Industry loss estimation services<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Revision of industry loss estimates<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent change from first to final estimate<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per event<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Loss estimation services<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Economic loss per event<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">currency<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per event<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Disaster databases<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Events recorded in public disaster databases<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">count by peril and region<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">EM-DAT<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Open claims datasets available<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">count<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">on change<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Public data portals<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Time to final industry loss estimate<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">months<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per event<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Loss estimation services<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"indicators\" data-nxf-kind=\"indicator\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gra\/A-P02\/topics\/catastrophe-loss-data\/#indicators\" data-nxf-title=\"Indicators\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pipeline\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Canvas<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">From sources to decisions.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The topic as a computational graph: named sources feed the methods, an evidence review gates the outputs, and the decisions stay with the authorities that hold them.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-plate\" data-wide=\"true\"><div class=\"nx-plate-label\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Pipeline canvas<\/strong> \u00b7 Catastrophe loss data as a run graph<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Design, not a record<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-figure-frame\" data-scene=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-figure nx-ui nx-dag\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 564\" data-nx-dag=\"true\" data-w=\"1200\" data-h=\"564\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-dag-a-p02-topics-catastrophe-loss-data-catmod-t nx-dag-a-p02-topics-catastrophe-loss-data-catmod-d\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><title id=\"nx-dag-a-p02-topics-catastrophe-loss-data-catmod-t\">Catastrophe loss data: catastrophe model pipeline<\/title><desc id=\"nx-dag-a-p02-topics-catastrophe-loss-data-catmod-d\">A stochastic event catalogue drives the hazard module; exposure and vulnerability turn intensity into damage; the financial module applies policy terms; event and year loss tables give exceedance curves, PML and TVaR. Design of the process, not a record of a run.<\/desc><\/svg><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-caption\"><strong>Fig. 02<\/strong><span>Nodes carry their type, two metric rows and a state; connectors show what feeds what; dashed frames name the owners; the timeline is the cadence. Design of the pipeline, not a record of a run.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-sources\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where the evidence comes from.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Named public datasets and institutional records, each with its licence class. Sources by agreement are used only under their terms and never republished.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it gives<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">EM-DAT international disaster database<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Disaster events with deaths, affected people and economic losses<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free for non-commercial use, CRED terms<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Verisk Property Claim Services (PCS)<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">United States and international industry insured loss estimates<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Proprietary, licensed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">PERILS AG<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Industry exposure and loss data for selected markets<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Proprietary, licensed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">OpenFEMA National Flood Insurance Program claims<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">United States flood claims<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public domain<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">NOAA Storm Events Database<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Severe weather events and damage estimates<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public domain<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">DesInventar Sendai<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">National disaster loss databases<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free, UNDRR terms<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gra\/A-P02\/topics\/catastrophe-loss-data\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Sources\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-decisions\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Decisions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who decides, and what the evidence serves.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reinsurance and Catastrophe prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"ledger\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Who decides<\/th><th scope=\"col\">The question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence this page serves<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Catastrophe modellers<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Which loss data to use for calibration<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Data sources, definitions and coverage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Contract parties and calculation agents<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Which loss reporting agent and timeline apply to a trigger<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Reporting practice and revision history<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Public authorities<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Whether to publish claims and loss data<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Comparable open data practice and privacy safeguards<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Researchers and supervisors<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">How to compare losses across sources<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Definition reconciliation<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-4\">Outputs this topic produces<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Guide to catastrophe loss definitions and providers<\/li><li>Brief on loss development and contract triggers<\/li><li>Method note on normalising historical losses<\/li><li>Questions for public authorities on open loss data<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Core questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What experts ask about loss data.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>How are economic and insured losses estimated, and how do sources differ?<\/li><li>How complete are records for smaller events, earlier periods and lower-income regions?<\/li><li>How should losses be normalised for changes in exposure, prices and population?<\/li><li>How do losses develop over time as claims are settled?<\/li><li>How can claims data be shared for research without revealing sensitive information?<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-mechanisms-and-drivers\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanisms and drivers<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Why loss data are uncertain.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Insured losses are compiled from claims and industry surveys, while economic losses include uninsured damage and are estimated by various methods. Different sources may report different totals for the same event, and estimates change as claims develop.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Coverage is uneven. Records are more complete for large events, recent decades and high-income countries. Smaller events, which can add up to large totals, and losses in regions with low insurance penetration are under-recorded.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Trends in raw losses reflect growth in population, property values and prices as well as hazards. Normalisation adjusts for these factors, but methods differ and can lead to different conclusions.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods-and-data\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Methods and their limits.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ol class=\"nx-rows\"><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">01<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Loss databases<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Compiled records of events and losses. Definitions and thresholds differ between databases.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">02<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Normalisation<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Adjusting historical losses for exposure and price changes. Assumptions affect results.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">03<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Claims data analysis<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Using detailed claims to calibrate vulnerability, using <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/actuarial-math\/\">actuarial methods<\/a>. Access is restricted.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">04<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Statistical modelling of losses<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Fitting distributions to loss records, using <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/extreme-value\/\">extreme value theory<\/a>. Short records limit tail estimates.<\/p><\/div><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Loss figures from different sources should not be combined without checking definitions. Analyses state sources and their vintages.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How it is studied, and what the methods cannot say.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-methods\" data-limits=\"true\"><ol class=\"nx-mledger\" aria-label=\"Methods\"><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/reinsurance-catastrophe\/stem\/actuarial-math\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Actuarial mathematics<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Layer pricing from model output \u00b7 Blending experience and exposure rating \u00b7 Capital allocation<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/actuarial-math\/\" aria-label=\"Actuarial mathematics: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/reinsurance-catastrophe\/stem\/uncertainty-quantification\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Uncertainty quantification and model validation<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Primary and secondary uncertainty \u00b7 Sensitivity ranking \u00b7 Multi-model ensembles<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/uncertainty-quantification\/\" aria-label=\"Uncertainty quantification and model validation: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/reinsurance-catastrophe\/stem\/extreme-value\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Extreme value theory and tail risk<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Pricing high excess layers \u00b7 Hazard return levels \u00b7 Tail dependence between perils<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/extreme-value\/\" aria-label=\"Extreme value theory and tail risk: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/reinsurance-catastrophe\/stem\/hydrology\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Hydrology and water science<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">River flood event sets \u00b7 Flood defence assumptions \u00b7 Pluvial flood mapping<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/hydrology\/\" aria-label=\"Hydrology and water science: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ol><aside class=\"nx-limits\" aria-label=\"What the methods cannot say\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What the methods cannot say<\/span><p class=\"nx-limits-text\">Loss data are revised, differently defined and often proprietary. Economic loss estimates for low-income countries are especially uncertain. Normalisation depends on exposure and price assumptions that differ between studies. Reinsurance and Catastrophe explains data sources and their limits; it does not estimate any event's loss.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-14-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-14\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>What is an industry loss estimate?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">An estimate by a reporting agency of total insured losses from an event across the market, used in industry loss warranties and index-triggered contracts.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why do loss estimates change after an event?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Claims take time to be reported and settled, especially for business interruption and complex commercial risks, so estimates develop.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is loss normalisation?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Adjusting historical losses to today's exposure, prices and wealth so that past events can be compared with current conditions.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does the platform publish loss estimates?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Any estimate would be published with its sources and limits. The platform does not publish members' claims data.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why do loss estimates for the same event differ?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Because sources use different definitions, methods and dates.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is normalisation?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Adjusting past losses to what they would cost with today's exposure and prices, so that trends can be compared.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can insurers share claims data for research?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Data sharing is designed to happen only under clear terms that protect policyholders and competition.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-rel-15\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Related<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-rel-15\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Around Reinsurance and Catastrophe.<\/h2><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Related\"><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/reinsurance-catastrophe\/topics\/reinsurance-structures\/\">Reinsurance structures <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/reinsurance-catastrophe\/topics\/catastrophe-models\/\">Catastrophe models <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/reinsurance-catastrophe\/topics\/aggregate-accumulation\/\">Aggregate accumulation <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/reinsurance-catastrophe\/topics\/protection-gaps\/\">Protection gaps <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/reinsurance-catastrophe\/topics\/climate-and-natcat\/\">Climate and natcat <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/reinsurance-catastrophe\/topics\/retrocession-and-capital\/\">Retrocession and capital <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/reinsurance-catastrophe\/\">Reinsurance and Catastrophe home <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/reinsurance-catastrophe\/counterparts\/\">Counterparts across the Consortium <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/\">The Global Risks Alliance home <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/trust\/\">GRA governance and trust <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-16\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reinsurance and Catastrophe<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-16\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring your expertise to this field.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The current service level is R0: information and enquiries. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"mailto:contact@globalriskalliance.com?subject=Reinsurance%20and%20Catastrophe%3A%20Catastrophe%20loss%20data\">Write to the team <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/reinsurance-catastrophe\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/reinsurance-catastrophe\/topics\/catastrophe-loss-data\/#faq\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/reinsurance-catastrophe\/topics\/catastrophe-loss-data\/#webpage\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is an industry loss estimate?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"An estimate by a reporting agency of total insured losses from an event across the market, used in industry loss warranties and index-triggered contracts.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why do loss estimates change after an event?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Claims take time to be reported and settled, especially for business interruption and complex commercial risks, so estimates develop.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is loss normalisation?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Adjusting historical losses to today's exposure, prices and wealth so that past events can be compared with current conditions.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Does the platform publish loss estimates?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Any estimate would be published with its sources and limits. 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