The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)

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GRAPayments and Market InfrastructureIn development

Subject groups

Industry groups

Moderated groups where specialists discuss questions in Payments and Market Infrastructure. Each group is listed here when its moderation, terms and hosting are in place, with its scope and how to join.

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Publisher: The Global Risks Alliance
Field: Financial stability, Cyber and digital resilience, Digital public infrastructure
Status: In development
Service level: R0: information and enquiries

Community workspace

Payments and market infrastructure · Industry groups

4 requests to reviewGRA · Payments and Market Infrastructure

Working groups


Cyber resilience WG	19	2	Week 15	Active
Operations WG	31	12	Week 4	Active
Liquidity WG	25	11	Week 9	Active
Standards WG	30	6	Week 27	Active

Join requests

J-1Hydrologist, early careerCyber resilience WG3 d
J-2Utility engineerOperations WG5 d
J-3Conflict of interest to declareLiquidity WG2 d

Contributions

Proposed01

Contingency site failover testcredit: named

In review01

Liquidity saving mechanism…two reviewers

Accepted01

Operational reportcredited on record

Payments and Market Infrastructure · Community workspaceCommunity workspace, in outline: domain structure with placeholder names and illustrative values, not a record.

01In brief

The short answer.

Payments and Market Infrastructure subject groups are moderated forums where payment-system researchers and FMI professionals discuss open questions in the financial stability field, such as retail and wholesale payments and clearing and settlement. Each group is listed once its moderation, terms and hosting are in place, with its scope and how to join. A group informs the platform's work and has no authority over its findings.

02Canvas

From enquiry to contribution.

Canvas · from enquiry to contributionDesign, not a record

Fig.The path from an enquiry to a credited contribution. Design, not a record; no step creates membership.

03Geography

People and exposure in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.

Layers 2

People and exposure, for this page

Latest available

NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) · Natural Earth

Loading the latest NASA imagery.

Drag to move. Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.

For industry groups, in GRA's spatial-finance reading, the map opens on population density and night lights with night lights tonight from NASA GIBS, framed on the United Kingdom and Ireland; every other NASA layer, live feed and forecast waits in the layer list.Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date; indicators, not assessments of any place; claim ceiling INTEGRATED.

Data: NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Natural Earth · GDACS · CIESIN/Columbia, NASA SEDAC HBASE · NASA/NOAA VIIRSSources and licences

We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). CC BY 4.0
VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; distributed by the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
OMI nitrogen dioxide (Aura) and OMPS aerosol index (Suomi NPP), NASA; distributed by the NASA GES DISC; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. Public domain
© OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). ODbL
Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, © OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.
Globe: MapLibre GL JS 6.9.1, BSD-3-Clause, © MapLibre contributors.
Live: GDACS (EC JRC / UN OCHA) Events are indicative, not official warnings.
Context: CIESIN/Columbia, NASA SEDAC HBASE. Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University, and NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC): Global Human Built-up And Settlement Extent (HBASE) 2010; Seto, Guneralp and Hutyra 2012, Global Grid of Probabilities of Urban Expansion to 2030; Global Urban Heat Island (UHI) Data Set, 2013.
Observed (EO): NASA/NOAA VIIRS (Suomi NPP). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
Optional layers (35 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.

Layers and dates

Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · static
Night-time lights, daily: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC · 12 Oct 2026
Flood water, 3-day composite: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE · 14 Oct 2026
Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite: VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day, NASA LANCE · 14 Sep 2026
Nitrogen dioxide, lower atmosphere column: OMI Aura, NASA GES DISC · 10 Oct 2026

04How it works

Subject groups in Payments and Market Infrastructure.

Each entry shows its scope, host or owner, and terms.
Participation follows published rules, applied equally.
Taking part gives no authority or influence over findings.

05Proposed groups

Payments and Market Infrastructure subject groups, as designed.

No Payments and Market Infrastructure group is open yet; each is listed with its status when it opens.

Proposed group	What it would examine	Out of scope
Settlement networks	Where is gridlock risk?	operation of any system
Site diversity	How diverse are sites?	assessments of named FMIs
Messaging migration	What does ISO 20022 change?	vendor advice

Each proposed Payments and Market Infrastructure group would publish its scope, moderator and terms before opening, and would work from PFMI disclosures, site geography, statistics.

06Next step

Register your interest.

Write to contact@globalriskalliance.com. The acknowledgement gives a reference and names the next step.

07Key terms

Terms used on this page.

Each term as this page uses it. Where a standard-setting body defines the term, the wording follows that body.

Term	Definition
Community of practice	A group of people who share a concern or a craft and learn to do it better by interacting regularly; the term comes from Lave and Wenger's work on situated learning.
Chatham House Rule	A rule under which participants may use information received but may not reveal the identity or affiliation of speakers.
Central counterparty	An entity that stands between buyers and sellers in cleared trades, guaranteeing performance.
Real-time gross settlement	Settlement of payments individually and immediately in central bank money.

08Sources

Where this page's references lead.

The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.

09Questions

Questions and answers.

When are entries added?

When their hosting, terms and moderation are confirmed.

Around Payments and Market Infrastructure.

Payments and Market Infrastructure

Bring your expertise to this field.

The current service level is R0: information and enquiries. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.

Write to the team See all contact routes