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F5\/s9XCNR1uN\/AxTKs3WvWkdlU7cCiV5Zv5L+e+Iz8kNRstXuIBMKEoNJuW9iBEaiBD7GUrJUA8K54DZlvngEyrwjEkdxY4yR02YTXK5RtRVWEND6RpPmTI+ZAi50O\/cgcSQq4Bw6BQKsFvYE+WbGhpDJOInEljC5g7DH0mjmkzwx5b0QnTmsAs0b9QQYMnwLRFrUoOPbPsfIPzwCkoA6uJ7T8lig+dB0LIiZjRQ3YWOEmJn8WbklDLKd42uTG6\/2PkqThEnuDVQjspPSXyIyCIZ6WHPcxpkjF0PaaaB2cpqGcvpG0b3Gv212tvY2leAhYhsyjMeAgniT1C0rUaJms1Klur4UvWaoRXY8GoRwJNRgXuxaxB4k23GhVQO\/2mo2Z64Omq550LDa\/ghTvUDo\/HqZqTm3mYEQyHMWUfuLY43brM4MYVY+L6QrFEkDAdzsg477r3V6bf\/otKLrzB+gkMQEXuPULGOfR2h9oYUHkXn8YrgJTrT7OdwqmE2hinE2MgElIEgK\/XmxOSKk1P9GSWYi44bewjaZof1cY+isY+po3Neh+Fg+k5FQ1GcBTWtG3V23r9W7OJfzZ+40t4ctwEXUYRimJMrq+d6OnwzmlxfLiOwLjM+72Vp\/tnz6CKsOsOtdvOXjfZ6F31YHuht9408zqVz7JKuvq3QkN5oXEL0bPG+qcXGOtnmWAJqHGyR8gsAfqJRIdZ72TbXP8EopEd+L5QOnzO9GVFA33rMLXQZz9BP\/eUmuEZTpV0clYR\/T6lMTvx3QmnKBeRNcmUgKVftc9S\/fAZdFOZjy0\/06ePyaEj2nE+Gnvq0cgiTdM6ihKoWACVqGf1K07+Yw+p3VMtwitfS4\/2BduSEAYjw6aex0VvU8iDzIiCeZyOYUGa5uIoTMawkCsT9hZ9XjXueX28yj2Wcdox6PY916d8iLmjnyUq5g6A8l1v\/GxjUWUBaAGVSzph4AJKBTMaKdtEIi+AqsCyoi2WxRyFUYGCSrOwEDO2e+Myuev\/f9CTnJdHLTim+EJZ\/FhpPXfcGcLmY4VujblhJhoVC3H7IFhrAg\/KQQFJHzmhmOYs348KaWF8UzzmD9WofBC2FTnQCY0mUp3lk14PibEJv169VFnGbIT7elqSQTGlQ+WTU9WCg3A\/4\/GUNE2aHbhp4mbi92i\/1+orXKmgdCt6P4aWDzZHxfGWN9HsmzlFG5ENm485QEZiRa3n2rdUx1450yGSW\/6Zunl9h1YOnUd51K1XfI+EEOVE1pChDqp9XZz+u8af9Jrr1+gipBGrgUstnaM2kqsbVo5tgLAZ5gZW3m8M3ipVX+qo9nV62Prt36iN3tPFNK51meU7VuTEyQfTysHbw4UXIS6siKVgvmDLgmhOK5XkgvCxnd+HXP4YssaC\/4GdP6w\/SpHgL65hXwhNe+NXvBqS5CFXpPGrNO6Npcq9sQANfP1XaC55l7YqBI16683xtiCDV9AIWAJ5C418ncavm0cp1sBgMynrV30o5BYz+c6CkIyEKJOxKW4t1YXrGFjQ\/84Y+mMFp+OEASCfw4iylYieWQmL+I2Ij7veeiU3CG1EHFCtN5zkFgAfZYDPKhcg33pVCRKrBCReASR\/a0AhFXqafbqiOR+UMlSXWirhOytgUL5LPTqjnnSyxUYcei7T0BolgNky0IlK3ONKrXLwNa4fZEIL2D69IyshlV5yGAqJxWUD0U1DOoL1mqA4lHanBXk\/nQxopIVAU9OdssunJDn4gzsJlb4kcgd1xip6GCxyJxpu0+RcO6yjdg3Vtai36K\/XiAOjhuoLnBx2kbIiNznzTGYOLeg\/mBv29VovBVS5SbTGXR5AX1t21OHsNI13o17b12Ea7dLV4IU30lvDr9L99pTlls42ihMSH81Wd1fC\/Ua0\/ZNUkFWLHLBL\/6kJGVTu0ISEoa1CTThw+HuE\/IRXPxHfZFTzE0vLRo5LTB\/WKHXdlVNUaAmlGuUIoUPfQAY+p7++YBFM8YxApRyoZM9\/a1U1tzWWwuWKpdq72LZC0OwpTVW0tS1A\/i\/hm0LVVLR09CUtZ0iP8u5tCtgTx7YqIsyXpQqzdUmaJc09ONQjybfwLlAFU4b0vxWh06e7bS0AIY+OqO\/UjmsgB8kd09drFZ9YQmhouQlp6FLPkVstERvX62zXSbjkvdgsLaGDLyPsY0IrT5KS\/OS1VEfjEh1V5isAhsCp5wG718bbiqqd9D\/VsC\/qqIHqEch\/De7uArosaKxEwHfcSeZnyU\/QvGQ504fCyuER9FfdTCTvpjawbqkGyQOiyj+WmKfCiMYxWKcSEHSkKwmvUAYFLt\/KQhHGqTVrkw1QMEI\/xwj97eOxPEkNpoxBEIrJi6TmsKZZUiU\/Zl6gjJEgvGVr42WfV94u8CrUFgVTyaay+jatW\/C1WGSWCkYjtF6nL2oIrxbbJoqSTlWTaZi2Wz5dgdGwK8q+0yiyXL8RDIdiX45xpbtIrmziWVIWD6CUy\/yFczvOz+04jqDDfuX4\/e2Nkl\/scXFJE2lFyvqLCmw1owxbCSGjDvdoleLWCIxD5ZqSxFJpiSLpUtzlKKoiZ5mJLMK9tLWD3len3\/vq6Eb\/54OC5JHwBjj9CpFTjifKIkZ0ES4iaqYOpRbOteERLUoESwPhXqsv6JOEvJA+o8wbREdgxpFW5gXxpU2mqVNRJhE9kw\/ydT3RxCUiZp56j7QLAZFbcmGw4MJdUH6CBDEXr27JbTarr6dah2hfndUvG1zXOntfHYxhonrmRHKbwboLDcMRkCT0eUgupCo4VR+3dO2iMcQHoHLmw\/tMWg3+NQzmWqtxq\/8COiP1wLSojzTr58+4PoYx3h61AKhl6s2u3AP56j6gXkVxHrxa7usm2FMYBTaNY9cfSR77GLqx+MUiy6biJ+ei4ueEssi1RWUbgnX76XvwFxJO\/Z0dmmnVwS2iL1BQs0xBXeaGx0+rPX9bP51TBQlHPSk5maVExM1iDWAWpcSLzxgIxB14U28iqoSsUe6OzMYRjceB57SNw9dKFNoSHN2W7MhNR7\/kHqERTXXgLust2VYw2glUPFErnojoKtY7Yf1nJqKooU+fkb3yxj9JPp7xdRHU4iX2Vu4Ss9vPFCeKVWFwW4GE04Z6ukSNtrWpcpUR1Cc9hITE7zX7UtH+PnCoalJ+EuOekSe1ADfoC9dioV+YyTMJfwJDvvh4ndMjNHX1ff2p0n2bKydmuz8fvlLXawwDdYfaEyEkdVXbeOSJb7EnvArVETVTdjcjTXOWGaxnqbF+Bshiy2CGJ7zibwDIZYxOcv9sR6j1q8K8i3UWWtpHwr3TPrcYfq7bQn\/VIfJJeTUfjXSw\/zOjG0+kaT5lMHlKYfKkwuRPvBprfypWLAHOdLEhRENv4vrhK\/1EJONJ3e8UJV09751\/TF4WMXC409tCmES5w0UCkx2BAtz16ojM8OokVyc1sV13Ph5tj\/xn401CnAv1NmPtRHq8y2OKwhQFCR7BaYXbHHZa6JSje9oUnN03mxET+767w2FXQAzp3WLYx\/NG2C5+UXjzRTVD6qrEvdfUW32FvN+SpnmbLdotLNpFStlp7zZbuJJTat7nfL1WywuSJwd+x2eTH\/JnPuT8F4Di54yxlPTJz69MoYB405VRDRYtFRiYNfBoqtCaWCxyF+rJ9hwY1Tk7slIonHNGdU81i\/bOgbPx8+IucaTEL9WDZj121E35n8ekb2qX9TwmvFPlTxGZ9pLxg2NanDC6CyGHQBQI30FX3VsppeNUJm01FYcoGNMDOwqyXcqSbXrGSEB7D6xfNoRICk5cc6POMoYWY3Z0ls4yTlt0KTljvZiVnoBFU0JkcWnHpUcXacCMrKUqsKXzIa0Mf9gRoZeM9RHG+siOvHT2j3ysp1TzaO8xWYYpI8gH845BJwPqgPfvhKKMctxmsRjlAczJmGhjHIDfs+6r8ogwBbKcKVCa9Xu0r2R8Wa\/hRWp9L90KQvTwpeQBvgvtSPcXlIsc2yHwMZelcpH4W8S95JTKAaCzxGHUB79oPhUwveofYEbw+OkHI3TtwAuiRmxD8+2aY0WPONEDcicfRkRAVAb6KR9\/4lgGigBeoPOp8ymJ6u0gaAi1kcedL9O\/SiDbd+45fQ0WHy6UMSxalBbiqYyurAKRWRVMIuHk48oSE2FyFnI6zx4ymDrOcoGSEVAl2EYIDxoP4eRz6oi5iFba\/J34jXP1LMfJVcrKtdUG5GGhZGsO5ECFY3\/pXJIiMFk15BtigYSWIh0Azn0sjFPOv8HHKOCHTc7tq2pJqJRVVF1n+BJzdJerCrt2pzkeLOawqXbuAGkP42Vht1UQI16+wYLRyKO1VDO3wy2He+XsVCxCgZK1EgsFrvlbih2O5vm0G8+5lQPVa8vJrhzKLNdri5RRbLNJHca9ZP\/\/IU4u0MUfRHGk9LosiKwRR64rRifaNKUdDK9ELRAO\/oAdIPZnh\/8WGMt\/ilBONY7yj+ycdFkepa2CXXLIq1zyp3v+qTsO5r7wVkx113tXDK+KruAyaFg4g++i9ZKSzV0gQZFeM2xv0Nh6KVFWvOErp9eM0JVIDM\/yG8I5S03i9AdOlVEAng9L8L2JQ88C52Ofp0lA7iQMImbxQ4VgZA6tzLDBV5qLbTRK2OU4TdWRQuWy46RM+TLnoHP5o2MyL9Nl37vs7F2xzp5D83GyPK1WRQD+mEZB7ZhrbKTjMWhtIF1CmVhqU5\/u\/tpwwV+2skxkTXiXoJOoKEOLg+HRywyvblhZriY1LZO+f+S4sxonasK\/RkXcGrdPo1EUTENU42TAswaQnuQkDKkVWb5Na8FQBA2F1oii4yNBY2qAtSQxBdRSApFssppKU4gkFMfX8O3o64Go9nxbfJOWN\/XWih5\/oCW+x8tb6vL0NkpbXw8cd3a8D3h0w57f\/Pzwcdm5YhXomy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class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><div class=\"nrp\"><div class=\"nrp-wrap\"><article class=\"nrp-flow\"><header class=\"nrp-hero\"><div class=\"nrp-hero-grid\"><div><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Baseline Edition 2026<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Complete edition<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 class=\"pp-hero-title nrp-hero-title-l\">Japan Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026<\/h1><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The State of Japan\u2019s Interdependent Systems<\/p><div class=\"nrp-actions\"><button class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" type=\"button\" data-nrp-act=\"print\" hidden><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 18H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h16a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2\"\/><path d=\"M6 9V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6\"\/><rect x=\"6\" y=\"14\" width=\"12\" height=\"8\" rx=\"1\"\/><\/svg>Print or save as PDF<\/button><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19 12H5\"\/><path d=\"m12 19-7-7 7-7\"\/><\/svg>Edition home<\/a><\/div><p class=\"nrp-note nrp-noprint\">Choose A4 or Letter in the print dialog; running heads and page numbers are added in print. This is a review copy: the signed PDF with its DOI is issued at release.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nrp-cover\"><div class=\"nrp-cover-top\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">JPN<\/span><\/div><span class=\"nrp-cover-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"nrp-cover-k\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-t\">Japan 2026<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-s\">The State of Japan\u2019s Interdependent Systems<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cover-foot\"><span>Baseline Edition 2026<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><span><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> for the Nexus Consortium<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block nrp-imprint\" aria-label=\"Imprint\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Imprint<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor, the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto<\/dd><dt>Report number<\/dt><dd class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026, cut NQ-JPN-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Status<\/dt><dd>Draft under stewardship review; not yet released<\/dd><dt>DOI and UNI<\/dt><dd>Issued at deposit<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>CC BY 4.0 for Nexus-authored text, tables and figures; third-party material keeps its own licence<\/dd><dt>Cite as<\/dt><dd>Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). Japan <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk and Resilience Report 2026: The State of Japan\u2019s Interdependent Systems (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI). https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" aria-label=\"Contents\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Contents<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">\u00b7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-part-summary\">Executive summary<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-part-coupled-system\">Chapter 1. Japan\u2019s risk is seismic, climatic and demographic at once<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-part-findings\">Chapter 2. Key findings<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-part-systems-and-sectors\">Chapter 3. Systems and sectors at baseline<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-part-risk-and-capability\">Chapter 4. Risks and capability<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-part-scenario\">Chapter 5. Great earthquake in an ageing region<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-part-lenses-and-readings\">Chapter 6. Lenses and readings<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-part-agenda\">Chapter 7. The 2027 agenda<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">8<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-part-systems-in-depth\">Chapter 8. Systems in depth<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-part-methodology\">Annex A. Methodology<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">B<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-part-data\">Annex B. Data appendix<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">C<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-part-references\">Annex C. References and record<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-part-summary\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/\">Japan 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Executive summary<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Executive summary<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The edition on a few pages: the abstract, the key messages, the headline finding and what each steward reads in it.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>13 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.1<\/span><span>Abstract<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>Japan enters 2027 with record-low emissions, a shrinking and ageing population and one of the world\u2019s most demanding hazard regimes. Greenhouse-gas emissions fell to 1,071 Mt CO\u2082e in FY2023, 23.3% below FY2013 and 27.1% lower once forest removals are counted, as renewables and nuclear together passed 30% of electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>. The country has set reductions of 60% by FY2035 and 73% by FY2040 against FY2013<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>. Yet Japan still imports almost all of its fuel, grows only 38% of its food on a calorie basis<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup> and faces a Nankai Trough megaquake that the national evaluation puts at a high probability within thirty years<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup>. 2024 was the warmest year on record<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>, heatstroke sent about 97,600 people to hospital by ambulance in the summer of 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>, and the January 2024 Noto Peninsula <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">earthquake<\/a> showed how an ageing, remote region loses water, roads and care at once<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>. This Baseline Edition fixes the reference state for Japan\u2019s water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, maps the couplings through which seismic, climate and supply shocks travel, and sets the questions the first operational edition will answer with Foundry evidence in Q1 2027. It ranks nothing and decides nothing.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.2<\/span><span>Key messages<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Six readings that frame the Japan baseline, and the eight questions this edition answers, each with its status and source.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-km\"><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">1,071 Mt CO\u2082e in FY2023, 23.3% below FY2013, or 27.1% net of removals.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Where do emissions stand?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">A Nankai Trough megaquake could, in the worst case, cause about 298,000 deaths and \u00a5292 trillion in damage.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How exposed is Japan to great earthquakes?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Clean power passed 30%, but almost all fossil fuel is imported.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How secure is energy supply?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Japan grows 38% of its food on a calorie basis.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How secure is food?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">About 97,600 heatstroke ambulance transports in summer 2024.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Is heat now a health hazard?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Remote, ageing regions lose water, roads and care at once after a large <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">earthquake<\/a>.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What did Noto reveal?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">About a third of households hold <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">earthquake<\/a> cover; public assets are largely uninsured.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Who carries the losses?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">An earthquake in an ageing region cutting water, power, roads and care together. SCN-JPN-EQL-01<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What will Q1 2027 test first?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.3<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-SEI-004<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">The 2025 revision of the Nankai Trough damage estimate gives a worst case of about 298,000 deaths and \u00a5292 trillion in damage, with <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.tsunami\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A train of long sea waves from a sudden displacement of the sea floor or water column, flooding coasts even far from the source.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">tsunami<\/a> the leading cause of death.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure S.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-fig1-t\">Nankai Trough worst-case estimate (2025 revision)<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Deaths (thousands)<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">\u2248298<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Damage (\u00a5 trillion)<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"98.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">\u2248292<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: Central Disaster Management Council working group<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figure><p class=\"nrp-p\">Such an event would strike the Pacific industrial belt, ports, refineries and power plants at once, and the national economy and global supply chains through them. Early evacuation and seismic retrofitting are estimated to cut deaths sharply, which makes preparedness a high-value capability<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.4<\/span><span>At a glance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">123.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>population, October 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">29.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>aged 65 or over<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1,071<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>emissions, FY2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">38<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>food self-sufficiency (calories)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u224815<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>energy self-sufficiency, FY2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">47<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">prefectures<\/span><p>in eight regions<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.5<\/span><span>What each steward reads in it<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a coupled reading of Japan\u2019s risk: great earthquakes dominate the tail, climate extremes are rising, and ageing magnifies both.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Forum\">GRF<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people risk arrives as an earthquake alert, a heat wave or a typhoon warning.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Alliance\">GRA<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. About a third of homes hold earthquake cover, public assets are largely uninsured, and climate disclosure standards apply from 2025.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>Japan is strong at warning and response and thinner at keeping water, care and supply running for weeks.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.6<\/span><span>What this edition is, and is not<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What this edition is<\/h3><p>A baseline: the state of Japan\u2019s water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in 2026, the dependencies that connect them, the risks that travel through them and the capabilities that hold them. It sets out the questions the operational series will answer.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What it is not<\/h3><p>Not a national <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-assessment\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The overall process of identifying, analysing and evaluating risk to inform decisions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">risk assessment<\/a>, an official warning or a rating. It decides nothing about any institution or asset. Competent authorities keep every mandate they hold, and national ownership of the series is unaffected.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What comes next<\/h3><p>Q1 2027 opens the operational series with a sealed Foundry evidence cut. Each later edition reports what changed against this baseline, new observations, source revisions, method changes, scenario updates and corrections.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment and National Institute for Environmental Studies (eds.), Japan\u2019s National Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals in FY2023. MoE, Tokyo, April 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment (ed.), Progress of the Plan for <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 global-warming\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The rise in global average surface temperature relative to a pre-industrial baseline, the headline indicator of human-driven climate change.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Global Warming<\/a> Countermeasures in FY2023. MoE, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Government of Japan (ed.), Japan\u2019s Nationally Determined Contribution (targets for FY2035 and FY2040). Submission to the UNFCCC, February 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (ed.), Food self-sufficiency ratio, FY2023. MAFF, Tokyo, August 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Headquarters for <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earthquake<\/a> Research Promotion (ed.), Long-term evaluation of earthquakes along the Nankai Trough (revised). MEXT, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Japan Meteorological Agency (ed.), \u201cCharacteristics of the climate in Japan in 2024.\u201d JMA, Tokyo, January 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Fire and Disaster Management Agency (ed.), \u201cHeatstroke emergency transports, May\u2013September 2024.\u201d FDMA, Tokyo, October 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Cabinet Office (ed.), \u201cDamage situation of the 2024 Noto Peninsula <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earthquake<\/a>.\u201d Cabinet Office, Tokyo, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Central Disaster Management Council, Working Group on Nankai Trough Megaquake Countermeasures (ed.), Revised damage estimates for a Nankai Trough megaquake. Cabinet Office, Tokyo, March 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (ed.), Annual Report on Energy (Energy White Paper) 2025. METI, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>General Insurance Rating Organization of Japan (ed.), Earthquake insurance statistics, 2023. GIROJ, Tokyo, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Cabinet Office (ed.), White Paper on Disaster Management 2025. Cabinet Office, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cs-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Statistics Bureau of Japan (ed.), Population Estimates as of 1 October 2024. Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cs-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-part-coupled-system\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/\">Japan 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 1<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Japan\u2019s risk is seismic, climatic and demographic at once<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Part I describes systems and their couplings. It assesses no authority and ranks no prefecture.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>2 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>15 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.1<\/span><span>The questions this part answers<\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Key questions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Where is Japan\u2019s risk concentrated, and in which <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>?<\/li><li>Which couplings carry shocks from one system to the next?<\/li><li>Which capabilities hold under compound stress, and which are only documented?<\/li><li>What must the 2027 programme measure first?<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">In this part<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Narrative<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Headline finding<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Lead figure<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Five system chapters<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Twelve-domain reading<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Sector screens<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Dependency matrix<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Risk objects<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Capability ladder<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Scenario<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Three lenses<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Portfolio<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.2<\/span><span>The argument<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>Japan is usually described as the most disaster-prepared country in the world, and in many respects it is. This baseline reads its exposure as three slow and fast forces acting together: great earthquakes and tsunamis, a warming climate that intensifies heat and rain, and a population that is shrinking and ageing faster than almost any other.<\/p><p>The seismic layer dominates the tail. The 2025 revision of the Nankai Trough estimate puts worst-case losses at about 298,000 deaths and \u00a5292 trillion in damage<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>, and the national evaluation keeps the probability of such an event within thirty years high<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup>. The Noto Peninsula <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">earthquake<\/a> of January 2024 showed the shape of the risk in miniature: water, roads, power and care failed together in a remote, ageing region, and heavy rain struck the same area again in September<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The climate layer is rising. 2024 was the warmest year on record, and the long-term trend is about 1.4 \u00b0C per century<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>. About 97,600 people were taken to hospital by ambulance for heatstroke in the summer of 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>, and heavy-rain disasters such as <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\">Typhoon<\/a> Hagibis in 2019 have breached levees at scale<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The demographic layer changes everything else. 29.3% of the population is 65 or over, and births fell to about 686,000 in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup>. An older, smaller population means more people who need help to evacuate, fewer workers to respond, and rural infrastructure that is harder to maintain.<\/p><p>Beneath all three sits import dependence. Japan imports almost all of its fossil fuel and grows only 38% of its food on a calorie basis<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>. Emissions have fallen to a record low, and renewables and nuclear passed 30% of electricity in FY2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>, but energy and food security still depend on sea lanes and world prices.<\/p><p>This edition therefore reads Japan\u2019s risk as a property of the couplings between these forces. The matrix, risk objects, capability ladder and scenario that follow ask the same two questions: where does a shock travel next, and who holds the capability to stop it?<\/p><\/div><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-fig1-t\">How far has Japan cut emissions, and how far is left? Emissions and targets (Mt CO\u2082e)<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Net emissions fell by 378 Mt between FY2013 and FY2023. About 257 Mt more must go by FY2030, two-thirds of a decade\u2019s progress in seven years<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">FY2013<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">1395<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">FY2023 gross<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"76.8\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">1071<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">FY2023 net<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"72.9\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">1017<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">FY2030 target (net)<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"54.5\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">760<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: as cited in the note to this figure. Year FY2023.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Figure ID FIG-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-01-003<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">922<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082<\/span><p>energy-related CO\u2082, FY2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">340<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082<\/span><p>industry sector, FY2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">53.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt<\/span><p>forest and land removals<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2050<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">net zero<\/span><p>statutory goal<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.3<\/span><span>Twenty couplings between five systems<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The Japan matrix types the twenty couplings between the five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events; they set the starting graph that the Q1 2027 Foundry cut will test.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-fig2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-fig2-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-fig2-t\">Couplings between the five systems<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Each line is one coupling from one system to another, drawn by the strength the edition assigns. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events.<\/p><\/figcaption><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-ring\" viewBox=\"0 0 340 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Coupling ring: 20 typed couplings between water, energy, food, health and biodiversity. The matrix in the next table carries every value.\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><ul class=\"nrp-legend\"><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"STRONG\"><\/span>Strong<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"MODERATE\"><\/span>Moderate<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"WEAK\"><\/span>Weak<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: this edition&#8217;s coupling matrix (Table 1.1); status Estimated.<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling matrix: from the row system to the column system<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">From, to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">WAT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">ENE<\/th><th scope=\"col\">FOO<\/th><th scope=\"col\">HLT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">BIO<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><b>WAT<\/b> Water<\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">nuclear cooling \u00b7 hydro<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">irrigation \u00b7 rain-fed yield<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">drinking water<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">flows \u00b7 wetlands<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>ENE<\/b> Energy<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pumping \u00b7 treatment<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fuel \u00b7 fertiliser \u00b7 cold chain<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">facility power \u00b7 cooling<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">reservoirs \u00b7 land use<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>FOO<\/b> Food<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">withdrawals \u00b7 nutrients<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">biofuel feedstock<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">nutrition \u00b7 food safety<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">land conversion<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>HLT<\/b> Health<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">labour \u00b7 disease<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">residues<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>BIO<\/b> Biodiversity<\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">regulation \u00b7 filtration<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fire on lines \u00b7 biomass<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pollination \u00b7 soils<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">zoonoses \u00b7 smoke<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"6\">Strength: strong, moderate or weak; a Nexus estimate (status Estimated) from cited evidence and analogue events. The scale is defined in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Transmission paths<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">SEI \u2192 WAT \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">An <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">earthquake<\/a> breaks pipes; care homes and hospitals lose water for weeks.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> Noto 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">SEI \u2192 ENE \u2192 all<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">A great <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">earthquake<\/a> shuts coastal plants and refineries.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> T\u014dhoku 2011<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Heavy rain breaches levees and cuts transport.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> Hagibis 2019<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Heat waves load ambulances and care settings.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> summer 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">TRD \u2192 ENE \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Fuel and fertiliser price shocks pass into food costs.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> 2022 price shock<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.4<\/span><span>Reinforcing loops<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A shock entering either system of a loop can return amplified through the other.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Pairs of systems where both directions are rated strong<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Loop<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First direction<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Second direction<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Water to biodiversity: flows \u00b7 wetlands<\/td><td>Biodiversity to water: regulation \u00b7 filtration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Food to biodiversity: land conversion<\/td><td>Biodiversity to food: pollination \u00b7 soils<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"3\">A causal-loop reading of the matrix (Sterman, Business Dynamics, 2000): structural, from estimated strengths, not a measured feedback.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Central Disaster Management Council, Working Group on Nankai Trough Megaquake Countermeasures (ed.), Revised damage estimates for a Nankai Trough megaquake. Cabinet Office, Tokyo, March 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Headquarters for <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earthquake<\/a> Research Promotion (ed.), Long-term evaluation of earthquakes along the Nankai Trough (revised). MEXT, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Cabinet Office (ed.), \u201cDamage situation of the 2024 Noto Peninsula <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earthquake<\/a>.\u201d Cabinet Office, Tokyo, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Japan Meteorological Agency (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Monitoring Report 2024. JMA, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Japan Meteorological Agency (ed.), \u201cCharacteristics of the climate in Japan in 2024.\u201d JMA, Tokyo, January 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Fire and Disaster Management Agency (ed.), \u201cHeatstroke emergency transports, May\u2013September 2024.\u201d FDMA, Tokyo, October 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (ed.), White Paper on Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism in Japan 2025. MLIT, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (ed.), Vital Statistics 2024 (births). MHLW, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Statistics Bureau of Japan (ed.), Population Estimates as of 1 October 2024. Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (ed.), Annual Report on Energy (Energy White Paper) 2025. METI, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (ed.), Food self-sufficiency ratio, FY2023. MAFF, Tokyo, August 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment and National Institute for Environmental Studies (eds.), Japan\u2019s National Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals in FY2023. MoE, Tokyo, April 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment (ed.), Progress of the Plan for <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 global-warming\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The rise in global average surface temperature relative to a pre-industrial baseline, the headline indicator of human-driven climate change.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Global Warming<\/a> Countermeasures in FY2023. MoE, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Government of Japan (ed.), Japan\u2019s Nationally Determined Contribution (targets for FY2035 and FY2040). Submission to the UNFCCC, February 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c1-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Government of Japan (ed.), Act on the Promotion of a Smooth Transition to a Decarbonised Growth-Oriented Economic Structure (GX Promotion Act), Act No. 32 of 2023. Tokyo, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c1-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-part-findings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/\">Japan 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 2<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Key findings<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Twelve findings carry the baseline. They are grouped by system, never ranked. Each resolves to its source or, where Nexus analysis is involved, to its stated method.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>3 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>16 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.1<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-SEI-004\">NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-SEI-004<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">The 2025 revision of the Nankai Trough damage estimate gives a worst case of about 298,000 deaths and \u00a5292 trillion in damage, with <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.tsunami\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A train of long sea waves from a sudden displacement of the sea floor or water column, flooding coasts even far from the source.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">tsunami<\/a> the leading cause of death.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 2.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-fig1-t\">Nankai Trough worst-case estimate (2025 revision)<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Deaths (thousands)<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">\u2248298<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Damage (\u00a5 trillion)<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"98.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">\u2248292<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: Central Disaster Management Council working group<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figure><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Implication<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">Such an event would strike the Pacific industrial belt, ports, refineries and power plants at once, and the national economy and global supply chains through them. Early evacuation and seismic retrofitting are estimated to cut deaths sharply, which makes preparedness a high-value capability<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">What would move it<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">Progress on <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.tsunami\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A train of long sea waves from a sudden displacement of the sea floor or water column, flooding coasts even far from the source.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">tsunami<\/a> evacuation towers and retrofits, the next long-term evaluation, and business-continuity coverage along the Pacific coast would each move this finding.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.2<\/span><span>Climate forcing<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\">NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Greenhouse-gas emissions were 1,071 Mt CO\u2082e in FY2023: 4.0% below FY2022 and 23.3% below FY2013 (27.1% net of removals).<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-003\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-003\">NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-003<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">2024 was the warmest year on record in Japan; the long-term warming trend is about 1.4 \u00b0C per century.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.3<\/span><span>Energy<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-ENE-002\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-ENE-002\">NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-ENE-002<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Renewables and nuclear together supplied more than 30% of electricity in FY2023; Japan still imports almost all of its fossil fuel.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.4<\/span><span>SEI<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-SEI-004\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-SEI-004\">NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-SEI-004<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The 2025 revision of the Nankai Trough damage estimate gives up to about 298,000 deaths and \u00a5292 trillion in damage in the worst case.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-SEI-005\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-SEI-005\">NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-SEI-005<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The January 2024 Noto Peninsula <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">earthquake<\/a> cut water, roads and care across an ageing region for months.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.5<\/span><span>Food<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-FOO-006\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-FOO-006\">NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-FOO-006<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Food self-sufficiency was 38% on a calorie basis in FY2023, against a target of 45% by FY2030.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.6<\/span><span>Health<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-HLT-007\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-HLT-007\">NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-HLT-007<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">About 97,600 people were taken to hospital by ambulance for heatstroke between May and September 2024.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-HLT-008\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-HLT-008\">NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-HLT-008<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">29.3% of the population was aged 65 or over in 2024, and births fell to about 686,000.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.7<\/span><span>Biodiversity<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-BIO-009\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-BIO-009\">NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-BIO-009<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Protected areas covered about 20.5% of land and 13.3% of the sea in 2023, against 30% by 2030.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.8<\/span><span>Finance<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-FIN-010\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-FIN-010\">NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-FIN-010<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">About one in three households holds <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">earthquake<\/a> insurance; public infrastructure losses are largely uninsured.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.9<\/span><span>Trade<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-TRD-011\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-TRD-011\">NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-TRD-011<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Dependence on imported fuel, food and feed makes global price and shipping shocks a direct national risk.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s10\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s10-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-s10-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.10<\/span><span>Systemic<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\">NRF-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The leading compound pathway for 2027 testing is a large <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">earthquake<\/a> in an ageing region that cuts water, power, roads and care together. \u00a79.3<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Central Disaster Management Council, Working Group on Nankai Trough Megaquake Countermeasures (ed.), Revised damage estimates for a Nankai Trough megaquake. Cabinet Office, Tokyo, March 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Cabinet Office (ed.), White Paper on Disaster Management 2025. Cabinet Office, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment and National Institute for Environmental Studies (eds.), Japan\u2019s National Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals in FY2023. MoE, Tokyo, April 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Japan Meteorological Agency (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Monitoring Report 2024. JMA, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Japan Meteorological Agency (ed.), \u201cCharacteristics of the climate in Japan in 2024.\u201d JMA, Tokyo, January 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment (ed.), Progress of the Plan for <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 global-warming\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The rise in global average surface temperature relative to a pre-industrial baseline, the headline indicator of human-driven climate change.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Global Warming<\/a> Countermeasures in FY2023. MoE, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (ed.), Annual Report on Energy (Energy White Paper) 2025. METI, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Cabinet Office (ed.), \u201cDamage situation of the 2024 Noto Peninsula <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earthquake<\/a>.\u201d Cabinet Office, Tokyo, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (ed.), Food self-sufficiency ratio, FY2023. MAFF, Tokyo, August 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (ed.), Basic Plan for Food, Agriculture and Rural Areas. MAFF, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Fire and Disaster Management Agency (ed.), \u201cHeatstroke emergency transports, May\u2013September 2024.\u201d FDMA, Tokyo, October 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (ed.), Vital Statistics 2024 (births). MHLW, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Statistics Bureau of Japan (ed.), Population Estimates as of 1 October 2024. Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment (ed.), National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan of Japan 2023\u20132030. MoE, Tokyo, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment (ed.), \u201c30by30 roadmap and protected-area statistics.\u201d MoE, Tokyo, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c2-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>General Insurance Rating Organization of Japan (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earthquake<\/a> insurance statistics, 2023. GIROJ, Tokyo, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c2-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-part-systems-and-sectors\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/\">Japan 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 3<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems and sectors at baseline<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>4 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>11 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.1<\/span><span>Where each system stood at evidence close<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WAT \u00b7 Water<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Share of rivers and supply exposed to typhoon and flood extremes<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">2019<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Hagibis<\/span><p><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\">Typhoon<\/a> Hagibis breached levees at 140 points and flooded more than 70,000 homes.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2019<\/span><span>MLIT<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c3-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">ENE \u00b7 Energy<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Renewables and nuclear in electricity<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">&gt;30<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Japan still imports almost all of its oil, gas and coal.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>FY2023<\/span><span>MoE<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c3-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FOO \u00b7 Food<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Food self-sufficiency, calorie basis<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">38<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>One of the lowest among large economies; the plan targets 45% by FY2030.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>FY2023<\/span><span>MAFF<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c3-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HLT \u00b7 Health<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Heatstroke ambulance transports, May\u2013September<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">97,600<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">people<\/span><p>A record at the time; older people are about half of all cases.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>FDMA<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c3-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">BIO \u00b7 Biodiversity<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Land in protected areas<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">20.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Marine protected areas about 13.3%, against 30% by 2030.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2023<\/span><span>MoE<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c3-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SYS \u00b7 Cross-system<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Nankai Trough worst-case damage estimate<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">292<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">\u00a5 trillion<\/span><p>About 298,000 deaths in the worst case (2025 revision).<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>Cabinet Office<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c3-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.2<\/span><span>Domain posture<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each of the twelve coupled domains is read in words, not scored. The coupling column names the dependency that carries risk into other <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Each domain read in words, not scored<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Domain<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Posture at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT<\/span><\/td><td>Ample rainfall but steep, short rivers; flood and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h19\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.slope.slide\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Slope failure and mass movement\" data-td=\"A mass of soil or rock moving downslope along a defined shear surface, from slow creep to sudden failure.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H19\" data-tr=\"draft\">landslide<\/a> risk high; ageing pipes and seismic exposure.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT \u2192 HLT \u00b7 WAT \u2194 INF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE<\/span><\/td><td>Record-low emissions; &gt;30% clean power; near-total fossil import dependence.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE \u2190 TRD \u00b7 ENE \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO<\/span><\/td><td>38% calorie self-sufficiency; feed and fertiliser largely imported.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO \u2190 TRD, ENE<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT<\/span><\/td><td>Long life expectancy; heat and ageing load care each summer.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT \u2190 CLI, SEI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO<\/span><\/td><td>High endemism; protected land about 20.5%, sea about 13.3%.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO \u2194 WAT, FOO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CLI<\/span><\/td><td>Warmest year on record in 2024; heavier rain and heat.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">forcing on all systems<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF<\/span><\/td><td>Dense, ageing networks; strong seismic codes; remote regions fragile.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN<\/span><\/td><td>Deep markets; about a third of homes with <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">earthquake<\/a> cover; public debt high.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN \u2190 SEI, CLI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT<\/span><\/td><td>Digital dependencies of lifelines not mapped at public-safe resolution.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT \u2192 ENE, FIN<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC<\/span><\/td><td>New semiconductor and data-centre capacity adds power and water demand.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC \u2192 ENE, WAT<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN<\/span><\/td><td>Critical minerals and fuels imported; stockpiles held for oil and rare metals.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN \u2190 TRD<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD<\/span><\/td><td>A trading nation dependent on sea lanes for fuel, food and inputs.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.3<\/span><span>Sector screens<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">All sixteen sectors are screened on the same grammar, so that later editions can say what changed. The evidence column describes coverage of the baseline evidence, not the performance of the sector.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Sectors: baseline evidence and the exposure to watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Code<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Sector<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Exposure to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-00<\/span><\/td><td>Cross-system<\/td><td>compound seismic, climate and demographic stress<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">earthquake<\/a> in an ageing region<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-01<\/span><\/td><td>Water<\/td><td>steep rivers; ageing pipes<\/td><td>floods; seismic pipe failure<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-02<\/span><\/td><td>Energy<\/td><td>&gt;30% clean power; imported fuel<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c3-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>supply disruption; peak heat demand<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-03<\/span><\/td><td>Food<\/td><td>38% self-sufficiency<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c3-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>import shocks<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-04<\/span><\/td><td>Health<\/td><td>ageing society; heat<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c3-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c3-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>heat surge; care continuity<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-05<\/span><\/td><td>Finance<\/td><td>deep markets; high public debt<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c3-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>catastrophe fiscal cost<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-06<\/span><\/td><td>Development<\/td><td>depopulating rural regions<\/td><td>service withdrawal<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-07<\/span><\/td><td>Climate<\/td><td>warmest year 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c3-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>heat and heavy rain<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-08<\/span><\/td><td>Disaster<\/td><td>highly developed <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning<\/a><\/td><td>great earthquakes and tsunamis<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-09<\/span><\/td><td>Infrastructure<\/td><td>ageing assets<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c3-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>maintenance backlog<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-10<\/span><\/td><td>Cities<\/td><td>very dense metropolitan regions<\/td><td>urban flooding and heat<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-11<\/span><\/td><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>high endemism<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c3-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>land-use and invasive species<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-12<\/span><\/td><td>Earth observation<\/td><td>strong national observing <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/td><td>continuity<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-13<\/span><\/td><td>Cyber and digital<\/td><td>dependencies not yet mapped<\/td><td>systemic outages<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-14<\/span><\/td><td>Policy<\/td><td>national resilience plan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c3-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>coordination across levels<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-15<\/span><\/td><td>Science<\/td><td>deep research base<\/td><td>translation to regions<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (ed.), White Paper on Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism in Japan 2025. MLIT, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c3-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment (ed.), Progress of the Plan for <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 global-warming\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The rise in global average surface temperature relative to a pre-industrial baseline, the headline indicator of human-driven climate change.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Global Warming<\/a> Countermeasures in FY2023. MoE, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c3-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (ed.), Food self-sufficiency ratio, FY2023. MAFF, Tokyo, August 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c3-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Fire and Disaster Management Agency (ed.), \u201cHeatstroke emergency transports, May\u2013September 2024.\u201d FDMA, Tokyo, October 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c3-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment (ed.), \u201c30by30 roadmap and protected-area statistics.\u201d MoE, Tokyo, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c3-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Central Disaster Management Council, Working Group on Nankai Trough Megaquake Countermeasures (ed.), Revised damage estimates for a Nankai Trough megaquake. Cabinet Office, Tokyo, March 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c3-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Statistics Bureau of Japan (ed.), Population Estimates as of 1 October 2024. Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c3-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Bank of Japan (ed.), Financial System Report, April 2025. Bank of Japan, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c3-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Japan Meteorological Agency (ed.), \u201cCharacteristics of the climate in Japan in 2024.\u201d JMA, Tokyo, January 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c3-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment (ed.), National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan of Japan 2023\u20132030. MoE, Tokyo, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c3-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c3-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Cabinet Secretariat (ed.), Basic Plan for National Resilience, 2023 revision. Government of Japan, Tokyo, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c3-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-part-risk-and-capability\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c4-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/\">Japan 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 4<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Risks and capability<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Four risk objects open the portfolio. Order carries no rank. Each is read across driver, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, cascade and consequence.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>2 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>4 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c4-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c4-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c4-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.1<\/span><span>Risk objects<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each risk is read across the chain from hazard to consequence, with its status and evidence-quality level.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-JPN-SEI-001<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Nankai Trough or Tokyo-area great earthquake<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>subduction-zone or inland megaquake with <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.tsunami\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A train of long sea waves from a sudden displacement of the sea floor or water column, flooding coasts even far from the source.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">tsunami<\/a><\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>Pacific coast industry, ports, cities<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>older buildings; coastal plants; ageing population<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>seismic codes; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning<\/a>; evacuation<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>SEI \u2192 INF, ENE, HLT, FIN, TRD<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>30 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-JPN-CLI-002<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Heavy rain, typhoon and river flooding<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>more <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h4\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.precipitation.heavy-rain\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Precipitation extremes\" data-td=\"Rain falling fast or long enough to overwhelm drainage, soils and streams and to trigger floods and slope failures.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H4\" data-tr=\"draft\">intense rainfall<\/a> and stronger typhoons<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>floodplains, steep catchments, cities<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>older levees; landslide-prone slopes<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>basin-wide flood control; warnings<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 INF, HLT<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>annual<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-JPN-HLT-003<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Heat and ageing overload of health and care<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>longer, hotter summers<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>older adults living alone; outdoor workers<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>limited cooling; workforce shortages<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>heat alerts; cooling shelters<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 HLT \u2192 ENE peak<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>seasonal<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-JPN-ENE-004<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Fuel and LNG supply disruption<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>shipping disruption or price spike<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>power, industry, households<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>near-total import dependence<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>oil stockpiles; nuclear and renewables<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>TRD \u2192 ENE \u2192 FOO, FIN<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1\u20135 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c4-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c4-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c4-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.2<\/span><span>Capability ladder<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Existence is not readiness. Each of the fifteen capability functions is placed on the ladder by the strongest public evidence at baseline.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c4-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 4.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Capabilities on the ladder of evidence: listed, exists, demonstrated, tested<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Function<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rung<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Level<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Strongest public evidence at baseline<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Prevention and mitigation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>DEMONSTRATED<\/td><td>strict seismic codes credited with limiting <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h47\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 infra.structural.building-collapse\" data-tk=\"Built systems \u00b7 Structural and civil failure\" data-td=\"Partial or total failure of a building from design, construction, maintenance, overload or hazard damage, trapping occupants.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H47\" data-tr=\"draft\">building collapse<\/a> in real events<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monitoring and observation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>DEMONSTRATED<\/td><td>dense seismic, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.tsunami\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A train of long sea waves from a sudden displacement of the sea floor or water column, flooding coasts even far from the source.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">tsunami<\/a> and weather networks in continuous use<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c4-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c4-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early warning<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>DEMONSTRATED<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">earthquake<\/a> early warning and J-Alert in use for real events<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Preparedness and planning<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>TESTED<\/td><td>national drills each year; Nankai Trough advisory issued in August 2024<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Redundancy and reserves<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>national oil stockpiles; water and food reserves uneven<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Response<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>DEMONSTRATED<\/td><td>Self-Defense Forces and mutual aid in real disasters<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Continuity of critical services<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>Noto showed long water and care outages in remote areas<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c4-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c4-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Recovery<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>reconstruction frameworks; slow in depopulating areas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Adaptation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Adaptation Act and plans<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Social protection<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>universal pension and health coverage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance and insurance<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>public\u2013private earthquake insurance; about a third of homes covered<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c4-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c4-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Institutional coordination<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>TESTED<\/td><td>Disaster Management Agency planned for 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Technical infrastructure<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>ageing assets; national resilience plan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c4-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c4-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Workforce<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>care and construction workforce shortages documented<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Research capacity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>ADEQUATE<\/td><td>long-established seismic and disaster science<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"4\">A capability listed in policy is not a tested one; each rung is the strongest public evidence at baseline.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c4-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c4-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c4-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c4-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Japan Meteorological Agency (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Monitoring Report 2024. JMA, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c4-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c4-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Cabinet Office (ed.), \u201cDamage situation of the 2024 Noto Peninsula <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earthquake<\/a>.\u201d Cabinet Office, Tokyo, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c4-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c4-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>General Insurance Rating Organization of Japan (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earthquake<\/a> insurance statistics, 2023. GIROJ, Tokyo, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c4-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c4-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Cabinet Secretariat (ed.), Basic Plan for National Resilience, 2023 revision. Government of Japan, Tokyo, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c4-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-part-scenario\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c5-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/\">Japan 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 5<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Great earthquake in an ageing region<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">A conditional statement under stated assumptions, never a prediction.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>1 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>0 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c5-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c5-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c5-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.1<\/span><span>Assumptions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Scenario SCN-JPN-EQL-01: what is assumed, and what is held constant.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Baseline<\/dt><dd>the 2026 reference state in this edition<\/dd><dt>Drivers<\/dt><dd>a magnitude 7.5 or larger <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">earthquake<\/a> in a remote, ageing coastal region in winter, followed by heavy rain within months<\/dd><dt>Analogues<\/dt><dd>Noto Peninsula 2024; Kumamoto 2016<\/dd><dt>Interventions<\/dt><dd>none modelled, the specification describes the unmitigated case<\/dd><dt>Run state<\/dt><dd>narrative specification; quantified Foundry run scheduled for Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c5-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c5-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c5-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.2<\/span><span>The cascade, step by step<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">SEI \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">roads and ports cut; communities isolated<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">Noto 2024<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">SEI \u2192 WAT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">pipes break; supply out for weeks to months<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">Noto 2024<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">WAT \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">care homes and hospitals lose water and sanitation<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">Noto 2024<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">winter cold raises disaster-related deaths<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">Noto 2024<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">later heavy rain reopens landslides<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">September 2024<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">HLT \u2192 population<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">older residents relocate; recovery slows<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">T\u014dhoku 2011<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c5-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c5-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c5-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.3<\/span><span>The scenario as a table of steps<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">How the shock in scenario SCN-JPN-EQL-01 would travel through Japan&#8217;s coupled <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, step by step, under the assumptions the edition states.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 SEI to infrastructure<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Roads and ports cut; communities isolated. Analogue or source: Noto 2024.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition JPN, scenario SCN-JPN-EQL-01, step 1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 SEI to water<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Pipes break; supply out for weeks to months. Analogue or source: Noto 2024.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition JPN, scenario SCN-JPN-EQL-01, step 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 Water to health<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Care homes and hospitals lose water and sanitation. Analogue or source: Noto 2024.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition JPN, scenario SCN-JPN-EQL-01, step 3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 Climate to health<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Winter cold raises disaster-related deaths. Analogue or source: Noto 2024.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition JPN, scenario SCN-JPN-EQL-01, step 4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 Climate to infrastructure<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Later heavy rain reopens landslides. Analogue or source: September 2024.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition JPN, scenario SCN-JPN-EQL-01, step 5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Health to population<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Older residents relocate; recovery slows. Analogue or source: T\u014dhoku 2011.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition JPN, scenario SCN-JPN-EQL-01, step 6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of a conditional scenario under the edition&#8217;s stated assumptions: not a forecast, not a prediction and not a warning. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/scenario\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Japan 2026, scenario SCN-JPN-EQL-01<\/a> (2026); Japan 2026, references (NR-CIT-1) (2026).<\/p><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-part-lenses-and-readings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/\">Japan 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 6<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Lenses and readings<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The baseline is read through each steward\u2019s lens, then once as a whole. Each lens is a projection of reviewed findings, not a separate argument.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>8 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>6 tables<\/span><span>27 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.1<\/span><span>Three lenses<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">One edition, read by each steward. The lens of this site comes first.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\" data-host=\"true\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRA \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. About a third of homes hold earthquake cover, public assets are largely uninsured, and climate disclosure standards apply from 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup>. These show where finance-readiness evidence will matter. Nothing here is advice, a rating or an approval.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">FIN-010 \u00b7 SEI-004<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a coupled reading of Japan\u2019s risk: great earthquakes dominate the tail, climate extremes are rising, and ageing magnifies both. Evidence is strongest for emissions, hazards and early warning, and weakest for lifeline\u2013care continuity and digital dependencies.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-001 \u00b7 SEI-004 \u00b7 SEI-005 \u00b7 SYS-012<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRF \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people risk arrives as an earthquake alert, a heat wave or a typhoon warning. The baseline asks that public debate weigh how an older, smaller population changes who can evacuate, who can respond and how fast places recover.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">HLT-007 \u00b7 HLT-008 \u00b7 SEI-005<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>Japan is strong at warning and response and thinner at keeping water, care and supply running for weeks. The 2027 programme should map lifeline\u2013care dependencies, test the Noto pattern at scale, and measure fuel and food import exposure.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">SYS-012 \u00b7 A-01 \u00b7 A-02<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.2<\/span><span>Global Risks Alliance reading: q1 2027 readiness pack<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The registers that open the first operational quarter. At baseline each is initialised from this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Q1 2027 readiness pack<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Register<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First Q1 2027 entry<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>E1<\/td><td>National risk state delta<\/td><td>baseline set by this edition<\/td><td>changes against the baseline<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E2<\/td><td>WEFH+B state delta<\/td><td>five system readings set<\/td><td>indicator updates and freshness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E3<\/td><td>Agenda and Portfolio movement<\/td><td>eight agenda items \u00b7 7 proposed objects<\/td><td>admission decisions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E4<\/td><td>NWG delivery register<\/td><td>no groups yet<\/td><td>first monthly outputs<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E5<\/td><td>NNC capability register<\/td><td>membership opens in Q1 2027<\/td><td>first contributions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E6<\/td><td>NLC questions and challenges<\/td><td>none yet<\/td><td>first challenge log<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E7<\/td><td>Foundry technical state<\/td><td>environment prepared<\/td><td>first sealed cut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E8<\/td><td>Publication candidates<\/td><td>twelve findings carried forward<\/td><td>PUBLISH \u00b7 HOLD dispositions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E9<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a> readiness<\/td><td>one candidate mission<\/td><td>admission and role spine<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E10<\/td><td>Correction register<\/td><td>none<\/td><td>first correction cycle<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication dispositions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Publish<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Hold<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Needs evidence<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Restricted<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Superseded<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Programme progress is not real-world risk improvement. These registers record the work of the Nexus programme; they report on no public authority.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.3<\/span><span>GCRI reading: the model card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-p\">GCRI&#8217;s reading of this edition is its model card: what the national model is, what it computes and where it stops. It is printed in full in Annex A, with the methods it belongs to. <a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/methodology\/\">Annex A, methodology<\/a><\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.4<\/span><span>Global Risks Forum reading: editorial essays<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Four signed essays by the Reports editorial team set out the positions this edition takes. They are interpretation, labelled as such; the evidence they draw on is in the findings register.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Japan prepares for earthquakes better than anyone, yet a Nankai Trough event remains the largest single loss the country could face. The baseline treats it as a coupling problem, ports, plants and care all at once, not as a building-code problem alone.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 01<\/h3><p>The long tail is seismic<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">An older, smaller population does not change the earthquake; it changes who can leave, who can help and which villages are rebuilt. Every risk object in this edition is read through that lens.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 02<\/h3><p>Ageing is a hazard multiplier<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Japan\u2019s clean-power progress is real, but fuel, food and feed still arrive by sea. Energy and food security are trade questions as much as domestic ones.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 03<\/h3><p>Security is imported<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Earthquakes are rare; heat now arrives every summer. Ambulance transports for heatstroke show a slow-motion disaster concentrated among older people living alone.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 04<\/h3><p>Heat is the new everyday disaster<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Essays are signed views of the editorial team. Contributed articles from working groups, consortium institutions and invited experts begin with the Q1 2027 edition, each with its own review route and disclosures.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.5<\/span><span>Nexus Standards reading: standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Instruments that shape the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in this edition, by status on the retrieval date. The edition assesses no one\u2019s compliance.<\/p><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">IN FORCE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ADOPTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SUBMITTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">UNDER REVIEW<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">PUBLISHED \u00b7 VOLUNTARY<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instrument<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Scope<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Relevance<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a> \u00b7 NDC, 46% by FY2030, 60% by FY2035, 73% by FY2040<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNFCCC \u00b7 Japan<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>SUBMITTED 2025<\/td><td>emissions pathway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GX Promotion Act, Act No. 32 of 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Government of Japan<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>transition finance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate Transition Bonds<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Ministry of Finance<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>ISSUED<\/td><td>GX investment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Seventh Strategic Energy Plan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>METI<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2025<\/td><td>power mix<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Basic Act on Disaster Countermeasures<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Government of Japan<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>IN FORCE \u00b7 AMENDED<\/td><td>disaster management<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kunming-Montreal Framework<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CBD<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2022<\/td><td>30by30<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SSBJ Sustainability Disclosure Standards<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>SSBJ<\/td><td>listed companies<\/td><td>PUBLISHED 2025<\/td><td>disclosure<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Economic Security Promotion Act<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Government of Japan<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>critical supply chains<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Changed since 2024<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Japan submitted FY2035 and FY2040 targets in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The Seventh Strategic Energy Plan was adopted in February 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The SSBJ issued Japan\u2019s sustainability disclosure standards in March 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">To watch in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Phased application of SSBJ standards to listed companies<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Launch of the national Disaster Management Agency<\/li><li>GX emissions trading from FY2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Status is read from the issuing body on the retrieval date. A change in status opens a review task for every finding that relies on the instrument.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.6<\/span><span>Risk Academy reading: literature and evidence review, science and assessments<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The review behind this edition covers peer-reviewed science, national and international assessments and the institutional reports that bind its findings. Full systematic reviews begin in Q1 2027 for each agenda item.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Review protocol<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Question<\/dt><dd>What does the published evidence establish about Japan\u2019s coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity risks?<\/dd><dt>Sources searched<\/dt><dd>peer-reviewed literature; national and international assessments; official releases; industry loss data<\/dd><dt>Window<\/dt><dd>releases available at evidence close, 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Selection<\/dt><dd>sources that bind or contextualise a finding in this edition<\/dd><dt>Next step<\/dt><dd>systematic reviews for agenda items A-01 to A-05 in Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Science and assessments<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Lee and Romero (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>forcing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>McElwee et al. (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>nexus interlinkages<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zscheischler et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2018<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>compound events<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>JMA climate report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>warming trend<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HERP evaluation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>seismic probability<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Institutional reports<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>White Paper on Disaster Management<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Cabinet Office<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>capabilities<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nankai Trough estimates<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CDMC<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 tail-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Risk from outcomes at the far end of a distribution, which are rare but carry very large consequences and often dominate total expected harm.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">tail risk<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Strategic Energy Plan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>METI<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>energy pathway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>National resilience plan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Cabinet Secretariat<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>infrastructure<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>OECD Economic Survey<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n44\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>OECD<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>fiscal<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Official statistics and national sources<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GHG inventory<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>MoE \u00b7 NIES<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>emissions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food self-sufficiency<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>MAFF<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>food<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population estimates<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Statistics Bureau<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Vital statistics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>MHLW<\/td><td>2024\u201325<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>heat deaths, births<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heatstroke transports<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>FDMA<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>heat<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Industry, loss data and international sources<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earthquake<\/a> insurance data<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>GIROJ<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">protection gap<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h3\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.wind.windstorm\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Damaging wind\" data-td=\"Damaging non-convective wind from a steep pressure gradient, bringing treefall, structural damage and power-line failure.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H3\" data-tr=\"draft\">Windstorm<\/a> and flood payouts<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>GIAJ<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>losses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Financial System Report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Bank of Japan<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>finance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NatCatSERVICE<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Munich Re<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>global losses<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where the evidence agrees<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Japan is warming and heavy rain is intensifying<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>A great subduction <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">earthquake<\/a> remains highly likely over decades<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Ageing increases disaster vulnerability<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where it is unsettled<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>How to express long-term earthquake probability for public use<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How fast clean power can replace imported fuel<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How much heat mortality is under-recorded<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEWS AND PREPRINTS<\/p><p>No news report or preprint binds a finding in this edition. News is used only to date events; preprints used from Q1 2027 will be flagged as not peer-reviewed.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Sustainability Standards Board of Japan (ed.), SSBJ Sustainability Disclosure Standards. SSBJ, Tokyo, March 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Government of Japan (ed.), Japan\u2019s Nationally Determined Contribution (targets for FY2035 and FY2040). Submission to the UNFCCC, February 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Government of Japan (ed.), Act on the Promotion of a Smooth Transition to a Decarbonised Growth-Oriented Economic Structure (GX Promotion Act), Act No. 32 of 2023. Tokyo, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>Ministry of Finance (ed.), Climate Transition Bonds framework. MoF, Tokyo, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (ed.), Seventh Strategic Energy Plan. Cabinet decision, Tokyo, February 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>Government of Japan (ed.), Basic Act on Disaster Countermeasures, Act No. 223 of 1961, as amended. Tokyo.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>Government of Japan (ed.), Economic Security Promotion Act, Act No. 43 of 2022. Tokyo, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. IPCC, Geneva, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.13850054\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Japan Meteorological Agency (ed.), Climate Change Monitoring Report 2024. JMA, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Headquarters for <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earthquake<\/a> Research Promotion (ed.), Long-term evaluation of earthquakes along the Nankai Trough (revised). MEXT, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Cabinet Office (ed.), White Paper on Disaster Management 2025. Cabinet Office, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Central Disaster Management Council, Working Group on Nankai Trough Megaquake Countermeasures (ed.), Revised damage estimates for a Nankai Trough megaquake. Cabinet Office, Tokyo, March 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Cabinet Secretariat (ed.), Basic Plan for National Resilience, 2023 revision. Government of Japan, Tokyo, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>OECD (ed.), OECD Economic Surveys: Japan 2024. OECD Publishing, Paris, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r44\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 44\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment and National Institute for Environmental Studies (eds.), Japan\u2019s National Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals in FY2023. MoE, Tokyo, April 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (ed.), Food self-sufficiency ratio, FY2023. MAFF, Tokyo, August 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Statistics Bureau of Japan (ed.), Population Estimates as of 1 October 2024. Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (ed.), Vital Statistics: deaths from heatstroke, 2023. MHLW, Tokyo, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (ed.), Vital Statistics 2024 (births). MHLW, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Fire and Disaster Management Agency (ed.), \u201cHeatstroke emergency transports, May\u2013September 2024.\u201d FDMA, Tokyo, October 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>General Insurance Rating Organization of Japan (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earthquake<\/a> insurance statistics, 2023. GIROJ, Tokyo, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>General Insurance Association of Japan (ed.), \u201cInsurance payouts for major <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h3\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.wind.windstorm\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Damaging wind\" data-td=\"Damaging non-convective wind from a steep pressure gradient, bringing treefall, structural damage and power-line failure.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H3\" data-tr=\"draft\">windstorm<\/a> and flood losses.\u201d GIAJ, Tokyo, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Bank of Japan (ed.), Financial System Report, April 2025. Bank of Japan, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c6-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>Munich Re (ed.), Natural disasters in 2025: NatCatSERVICE full-year figures. Munich Re, Munich, January 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-part-agenda\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/\">Japan 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 7<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">The 2027 agenda<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Eight bounded questions open the 2027 National Agenda. Each comes from a baseline finding, names the initiative that will carry it and the first output due at the Q1 2027 cut.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>6 tables<\/span><span>2 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.1<\/span><span>Questions for the operational series<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How would a large <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">earthquake<\/a> in an ageing region cut water, power, roads and care together, and how long would recovery take?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-JPN-SEI-01 \u00b7 lifeline\u2013care continuity; first output: dependency graph for two regions.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How deep are fuel and LNG stocks against a prolonged shipping disruption?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-JPN-ENE-02 \u00b7 import resilience; first output: stock-and-route register.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How exposed are food and feed supply to concurrent import and domestic shocks?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-JPN-FOO-03 \u00b7 food import exposure; first output: commodity dependence table.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How much heat-health surge capacity remains in large cities and rural care?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-JPN-HLT-04 \u00b7 heat and ageing; first output: surge baseline for five prefectures.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Where do <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\">typhoon<\/a> and heavy-rain losses fall on the uninsured, and on public budgets?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-JPN-FIN-05 \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">protection gap<\/a>; first output: peril-by-prefecture loss table.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How do river basins and dams perform under more <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h4\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.precipitation.heavy-rain\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Precipitation extremes\" data-td=\"Rain falling fast or long enough to overwhelm drainage, soils and streams and to trigger floods and slope failures.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H4\" data-tr=\"draft\">intense rainfall<\/a>?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-JPN-WAT-01 \u00b7 workstream; first output: basin performance note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How resilient are semiconductor and battery supply chains to seismic shocks?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">To be admitted in Q1 2027; first output: scoping note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which capabilities have been tested in real disasters, and which are only planned?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">National capability register; first output: rung evidence for 15 functions.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.2<\/span><span>Portfolio proposed for the Q1 2027 alignment<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Five initiatives and one Universe mission candidate are proposed for admission at the Q1 2027 alignment. They are programme objects, no partner, funder or member is attached to them in this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Objects proposed for the first operational quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Object<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-JPN-SEI-01<\/span><\/td><td>Lifeline\u2013care continuity after great earthquakes<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-JPN-ENE-02<\/span><\/td><td>Fuel and LNG import resilience<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-02<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-JPN-FOO-03<\/span><\/td><td>Food and feed import exposure<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-03<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-JPN-HLT-04<\/span><\/td><td>Heat, ageing and care surge<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-04<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-JPN-FIN-05<\/span><\/td><td>Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-05<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PRJ-JPN-SEI-01a<\/span><\/td><td>Two-region lifeline dependency graph<\/td><td>Project<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MSN-JPN-2027-01<\/span><\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earthquake<\/a>\u2013lifeline\u2013care Universe mission<\/td><td>Mission<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.3<\/span><span>The pathway<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Japan is the national pathway through which the Nexus operating system will run in Japan from 2027. At baseline the pathway is designed and its records are prepared; its councils and working groups are constituted from Q1 2027. This page states what exists today and what comes next, nothing more.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">One National Agenda<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">bounded national questions for the year<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">DRAFT 2027 \u00b7 agenda review at the Q1 alignment<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Desk<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">coordination, records, routing and continuity<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">DESIGNED \u00b7 constituted in Q1 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Model<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">the country as a system of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">v0 SPECIFIED \u00b7 v1 with the first Foundry cut<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Portfolio<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">risks, capabilities, initiatives, projects, missions<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">7 PROPOSED \u00b7 admission at the Q1 alignment<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Foundry<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">continuous computational environment<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">PREPARED \u00b7 first sealed cut NQ-JPN-2027-Q1<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Reports<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">quarterly and annual publication<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">BASELINE ISSUED \u00b7 Q1 2027 \u00b7 State &amp; Agenda<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Universe<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">annual proving environment<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">CANDIDATE MISSION \u00b7 mandate set in 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Evidence and correction<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">after-action, correction and renewal<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">OPEN \u00b7 first correction cycle in Q2 2027<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.4<\/span><span>Universe 2027, evidence pack for the candidate mission<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Mandate<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Core Build \u00b7 1 month<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Action \u00b7 1 week<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Evidence seal<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Portfolio correction<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Next mandate<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Universe 2027, evidence pack for the candidate mission<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Record<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Timing<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>F1<\/td><td>Annual mandate record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>after the Q2 2027 alignment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F2<\/td><td>Core Build record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>one month before the exercise<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F3<\/td><td>Exercise evidence<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>during the Action week<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F4<\/td><td>Decision packets<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>exercise state only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F5<\/td><td>Proof receipts<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>scoped to each recorded check<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F6<\/td><td>After-action report<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>within one quarter<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F7<\/td><td>Upgrade docket<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>routed to the Portfolio<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F8<\/td><td>Portfolio renewal<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>Q4 2027 annual edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F9<\/td><td>Public synthesis<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>public-safe extracts only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Mission<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>ID<\/dt><dd>MSN-JPN-2027-01 \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earthquake<\/a>\u2013lifeline\u2013care Universe mission<\/dd><dt>Role spine<\/dt><dd>Leadership sponsor (NLC) \u00b7 Institutional anchor (NNC) \u00b7 Mission lead (NWG)<\/dd><dt>Receiving actors<\/dt><dd>to be identified with the mandate<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Simulation success is not deployment approval; demonstration is not certification; finance readiness is not financing secured.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.5<\/span><span>Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Where the baseline\u2019s findings go next. A handoff routes a finding for awareness, review or work; it transfers no authority.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Finding<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Routed to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Purpose<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>CLI-001 \u00b7 emissions<\/td><td>public record<\/td><td>reference for the 2027 series<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SEI-004 \u00b7 Nankai Trough<\/td><td>INI-JPN-SEI-01<\/td><td>lifeline\u2013care continuity<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SEI-005 \u00b7 Noto<\/td><td>INI-JPN-SEI-01<\/td><td>two-region graph<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ENE-002 \u00b7 imports<\/td><td>INI-JPN-ENE-02<\/td><td>import resilience<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FOO-006 \u00b7 food<\/td><td>INI-JPN-FOO-03<\/td><td>import exposure<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HLT-007 \u00b7 heat<\/td><td>INI-JPN-HLT-04<\/td><td>heat and ageing<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FIN-010 \u00b7 insurance<\/td><td>INI-JPN-FIN-05 \u00b7 key F review<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SYS-012 \u00b7 compound pathway<\/td><td>MSN-JPN-2027-01<\/td><td>Universe candidate<\/td><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Routing rules by publication class<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Where it goes<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Who can see it<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>PUBLIC<\/td><td>the published edition and its evidence bundle<\/td><td>anyone<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><td>governed rooms of the national pathway<\/td><td>consortium members under agreement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONTROLLED<\/td><td>need-to-know channels<\/td><td>named competent actors only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Handoffs carry findings to Nexus programme objects and steward reviews. Competent authorities receive public editions as published; nothing here instructs them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.6<\/span><span>Feeds and signal register<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Feeds watched from Q1 2027<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Feed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Producer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Latency<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Feeds into<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earthquake<\/a> and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.tsunami\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A train of long sea waves from a sudden displacement of the sea floor or water column, flooding coasts even far from the source.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">tsunami<\/a> information<\/td><td>Japan Meteorological Agency<\/td><td>real time<\/td><td>SEI findings<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heat-illness alerts<\/td><td>MoE \u00b7 JMA<\/td><td>daily in summer<\/td><td>HLT-007<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heatstroke transport counts<\/td><td>FDMA<\/td><td>weekly in summer<\/td><td>HLT-007<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>River and rainfall information<\/td><td>MLIT<\/td><td>real time<\/td><td>RSK-JPN-CLI-002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity supply\u2013demand outlook<\/td><td>OCCTO<\/td><td>daily<\/td><td>ENE findings<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>LNG and oil stock data<\/td><td>METI<\/td><td>monthly<\/td><td>RSK-JPN-ENE-004<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Disaster damage reports<\/td><td>Cabinet Office<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>SEI-005<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Escalation routes<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">none \u00b7 keep monitoring<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">research question<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">project<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">risk object<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">quarterly publication<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">signal report<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Signals at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Signal<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Corroboration<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>SIG-JPN-001<\/td><td>Foreshock-sensitive advisories for the Nankai Trough (August 2024)<\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>SEI \u00b7 all<\/td><td>risk object RSK-JPN-SEI-001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-JPN-002<\/td><td>Record heatstroke transports in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c7-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>HLT \u00b7 CLI<\/td><td>initiative A-04<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-JPN-003<\/td><td>Repeat disasters in the same region (Noto, 2024)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c7-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>SEI \u00b7 CLI \u00b7 HLT<\/td><td>research question A-01<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>A signal is not a warning. Signal records never substitute for official alerting or early-warning authorities, and they bypass no publication control.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Fire and Disaster Management Agency (ed.), \u201cHeatstroke emergency transports, May\u2013September 2024.\u201d FDMA, Tokyo, October 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c7-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c7-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Cabinet Office (ed.), \u201cDamage situation of the 2024 Noto Peninsula <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earthquake<\/a>.\u201d Cabinet Office, Tokyo, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c7-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-part-systems-in-depth\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/\">Japan 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 8<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems in depth<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">One section per system: its state at evidence close, its exposures and what the operational series will watch.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>7 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>7 tables<\/span><span>14 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.1<\/span><span>Water, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Japan has ample rainfall but steep, short rivers, so water arrives fast and leaves fast. Floods, landslides and seismic damage to pipes are the binding risks.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">&gt;70,000<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">homes<\/span><p>flooded by <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\">Typhoon<\/a> Hagibis, 2019<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2024<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Noto<\/span><p>long water outages after the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">earthquake<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">47<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">prefectures<\/span><p>each with its own supply <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Supply<\/td><td>ample rainfall; rivers steep and seasonal<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Floods<\/td><td>levee breaches and landslides in heavy rain<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Seismic<\/td><td>pipe failures cut supply after earthquakes<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ageing pipes<\/td><td>renewal backlog in many utilities<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>WAT \u2192 HLT drinking water and sanitation<\/li><li>SEI \u2192 WAT pipe failures<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 WAT heavy rain<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 ENE hydro and cooling<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>pipe seismic resilience by utility<\/li><li>restoration times after earthquakes<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Pipe renewal and seismic retrofit rates, heavy-rain events and restoration times after earthquakes.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Water services rest with municipalities and prefectures; this chapter assesses none of them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.2<\/span><span>Energy, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Emissions are at a record low and clean power passed 30% of electricity in FY2023, but Japan still imports almost all of its oil, gas and coal.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">&gt;30<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>clean share of electricity, FY2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u224815<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>energy self-sufficiency<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">40\u201350<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>renewables target for FY2040<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Power mix<\/td><td>renewables and nuclear above 30%<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Imports<\/td><td>almost all fossil fuel imported by sea<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nuclear<\/td><td>restarts continuing under safety review<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Peak demand<\/td><td>heat waves raise summer peaks<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>TRD \u2192 ENE fuel imports<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 FOO fuel and fertiliser<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 ENE peak demand<\/li><li>SEI \u2192 ENE coastal plant shutdowns<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>fuel stock depth under disruption<\/li><li>grid resilience to great earthquakes<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>LNG prices and contracts, nuclear restarts and summer supply\u2013demand margins.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Energy decisions rest with the government, regulators and operators; this chapter assesses none of them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.3<\/span><span>Food and agrifood, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Japan grows 38% of its food on a calorie basis, and much of its feed and fertiliser is imported, so food security is a trade question.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">38<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>calorie self-sufficiency, FY2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">45<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>target for FY2030<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u224862<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>calories imported (derived)<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Self-sufficiency<\/td><td>38% on a calorie basis<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rice<\/td><td>largely self-sufficient; 2024\u201325 price rise<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Feed and fertiliser<\/td><td>largely imported<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Farm workforce<\/td><td>ageing and shrinking<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>TRD \u2192 FOO import dependence<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 FOO fuel and fertiliser<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 FOO heat and rice quality<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>import concentration by commodity<\/li><li>heat effects on rice quality<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Grain and feed import prices, rice supply and price, and the farm workforce.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes the food system; it makes no statement on agricultural or trade policy.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.4<\/span><span>Health and One Health, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Japan has long life expectancy and universal coverage, but heat and ageing now load health and care every summer, and disasters hit older people hardest.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">29.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>aged 65 or over<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">97,600<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">people<\/span><p>heatstroke transports, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1,651<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">deaths<\/span><p>from heatstroke, 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Ageing<\/td><td>29.3% aged 65 or over<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heat<\/td><td>record transports in 2024<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Disasters<\/td><td>disaster-related deaths among older people<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Care workforce<\/td><td>shortages documented<\/td><td>,<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 HLT heat<\/li><li>SEI \u2192 HLT disaster-related deaths<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 HLT cooling and power<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>care continuity in disasters<\/li><li>heat deaths outside hospitals<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Summer heatstroke transports, care-facility continuity plans and workforce figures.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Health and care planning rest with national and local authorities. No personal health data are used or shown in Reports.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.5<\/span><span>Biodiversity and ecosystems, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Japan has high endemism across its islands, and protection on land is above 20%, but the sea is further behind and invasive species and land-use change continue.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of land protected, 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">13.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of sea protected, 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">30<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>target by 2030<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Protection<\/td><td>land about 20.5%, sea about 13.3%<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Strategy<\/td><td>national strategy 2023\u20132030 adopted<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pressures<\/td><td>invasive species, land-use change, climate<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Condition<\/td><td>not bound outside protected areas<\/td><td>,<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>BIO \u2192 WAT forest and watershed regulation<\/li><li>BIO \u2192 FOO fisheries and pollination<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 BIO warming seas<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>condition outside protected areas<\/li><li>marine ecosystem change<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Progress towards 30by30 at sea, coral and fisheries change, and nature-symbiosis sites recognised by the Ministry of the Environment.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Biodiversity is not reduced to a single number. Where valuation is used later, it will never be presented as the whole value.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.6<\/span><span>Standards, Academy and steward contributions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">How the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> drafts, the Risk Academy and the three stewards feed each quarterly edition for Japan. The standards are preparatory working drafts (October 2026) and are cited as drafts, never as adopted standards.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The quarterly rhythm every edition follows<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Quarter<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Boundary<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Q1<\/td><td>State and Agenda<\/td><td>What matters this year, and what is the starting position?<\/td><td>observed baseline stays distinct from planned work<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q2<\/td><td>Evidence and Build<\/td><td>What new evidence and capability have been developed?<\/td><td>a configured capability is not a validated result<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q3<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 stress-test\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An assessment of how a system, portfolio or institution would perform under severe but plausible adverse scenarios, to find weaknesses before they are revealed by events.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Stress Test<\/a> and Readiness<\/td><td>What do scenarios and tests reveal?<\/td><td>simulated loss or performance is not observed impact<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q4<\/td><td>Annual Synthesis and Renewal<\/td><td>What did the year establish, and what changes next?<\/td><td>release follows review, not event publicity deadlines<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Who contributes what each quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Steward or body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contribution route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GCRI Canada<\/td><td>Lead Institution and Consortium Secretariat; publisher of record; technical truth (key T)<\/td><td>science and practice communities \u00b7 GCRI gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Forum (GRF)<\/td><td>leadership, dialogue and the Universe programme; public meaning (key M)<\/td><td>policy, Universe and national adoption \u00b7 GRF gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)<\/td><td>finance, insurance and development readiness; capital meaning (key F)<\/td><td>finance and insurance \u00b7 GRA gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nexus Standards<\/td><td>preparatory drafts on vocabulary, hazards, indicators and methods<\/td><td>Standards site \u00b7 working groups HAZ, IND, MTH, FIN, AI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Risk Academy<\/td><td>learning pathways tied to the agenda questions<\/td><td>Academy gateway \u00b7 learning by review<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Japan<\/td><td>national pathway: Desk, Leadership Council, Consortium, Working Groups<\/td><td>national Commons room<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards drafts used in this edition<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Risk vocabulary NRS-C1 (424 terms) for terms in the glossary<\/li><li>Hazard atlas NHS-1 1.1.0 (905 hazards in 120 families) for risk objects<\/li><li>Seven risk classes: global, catastrophic, existential, emerging, planetary, exponential, frontier-tech<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards calendar to watch<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Founding calls from 20 October 2026; working groups meet from 5 November 2026<\/li><li>Inaugural Global Standards Council session, 12 January 2027<\/li><li>Quarterly reviews in March, June, September and December, aligned with each edition<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Nothing here confers a status. A Nexus attestation records an evaluation under a mandate; it confers no formal status of any kind. National adoption of any standard is a decision of the national standards council.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (ed.), White Paper on Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism in Japan 2025. MLIT, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Cabinet Office (ed.), \u201cDamage situation of the 2024 Noto Peninsula <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earthquake<\/a>.\u201d Cabinet Office, Tokyo, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (ed.), Water Resources in Japan 2024. MLIT, Tokyo, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment (ed.), Progress of the Plan for <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 global-warming\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The rise in global average surface temperature relative to a pre-industrial baseline, the headline indicator of human-driven climate change.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Global Warming<\/a> Countermeasures in FY2023. MoE, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (ed.), Annual Report on Energy (Energy White Paper) 2025. METI, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (ed.), Seventh Strategic Energy Plan. Cabinet decision, Tokyo, February 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Fire and Disaster Management Agency (ed.), \u201cHeatstroke emergency transports, May\u2013September 2024.\u201d FDMA, Tokyo, October 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (ed.), Food self-sufficiency ratio, FY2023. MAFF, Tokyo, August 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (ed.), Basic Plan for Food, Agriculture and Rural Areas. MAFF, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Statistics Bureau of Japan (ed.), Population Estimates as of 1 October 2024. Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (ed.), Vital Statistics: deaths from heatstroke, 2023. MHLW, Tokyo, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment (ed.), \u201c30by30 roadmap and protected-area statistics.\u201d MoE, Tokyo, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-c8-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment (ed.), National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan of Japan 2023\u20132030. MoE, Tokyo, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-part-methodology\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/\">Japan 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex A<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Methodology<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">How the edition was made: methods, the model card, the evidence cut and its age, the acceptance record and the glossary.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>9 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>12 tables<\/span><span>6 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.1<\/span><span>Methods<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The baseline uses published values and four simple derivations. Each is shown in full so that any reader can reproduce it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Methods<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">No.<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Derivation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Calculation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Result<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>(1)<\/td><td>Net reduction FY2013\u2013FY2023<\/td><td>1,395 \u2212 1,017<\/td><td>378 Mt<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(2)<\/td><td>Further cut needed by FY2030 (net)<\/td><td>1,017 \u2212 0.54 \u00d7 1,395<\/td><td>\u2248 264 Mt<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(3)<\/td><td>Uncovered share of homes for <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">earthquake<\/a><\/td><td>1 \u2212 \u22480.35<\/td><td>\u2248 65%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(4)<\/td><td>Food imported on a calorie basis<\/td><td>1 \u2212 0.38<\/td><td>\u2248 62%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling strength scale (matrix and model card)<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Strength<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>STRONG<\/td><td>a disruption in the source system has historically changed the target system\u2019s service or output within one season<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MODERATE<\/td><td>an effect is documented but buffered or slower<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEAK<\/td><td>an effect is plausible but not documented at national scale<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Status grammar<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rule<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>value as issued by its source, with year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>reasoned from cited evidence; never a measurement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus analytical value with stated method<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>conditional on stated assumptions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>structured editorial judgement awaiting evidence<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.2<\/span><span>Model card, National Model v0<\/span><\/h2><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model ID<\/dt><dd>MDL-JPN-NATIONAL \u00b7 v0.1<\/dd><dt>Purpose<\/dt><dd>represent Japan as coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> with forcing and transmission layers<\/dd><dt>Family<\/dt><dd>graph-based system of systems<\/dd><dt>Inputs<\/dt><dd>the cited sources of this edition; no proprietary data<\/dd><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>expert-specified coupling strengths (STRONG \u00b7 MODERATE \u00b7 WEAK) from evidence and analogue events<\/dd><dt>Validation<\/dt><dd>none yet, first validation against Q1 2027 Foundry evidence<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>qualitative; strengths are hypotheses, not measurements<\/dd><dt>Domain of validity<\/dt><dd>national scale; not for prefecture or asset-level use<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>strength table and sources published in this edition<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">couplings<\/span><p>typed in v0<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">strong<\/span><p>documented within one season<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">moderate<\/span><p>documented, buffered<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">weak<\/span><p>plausible, undocumented<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>framing the 2027 agenda; choosing which couplings to measure first; explaining the coupled reading of risk in Japan.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOT SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>quantitative loss estimates, operational decisions, provincial comparisons or any claim about a specific asset.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">VERSIONING<\/p><p>Models are immutable by version. A change to any coupling, rule or weight produces v0.2 with its own card and correction note.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.3<\/span><span>The baseline evidence cut<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Every Nexus edition is published from a frozen evidence cut. The baseline cut is documentary: it pins the exact edition of every source cited. Model runs begin with the first Foundry cut in Q1 2027.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Cut ID<\/dt><dd>NQ-JPN-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Type<\/dt><dd>baseline documentary cut<\/dd><dt>Resolution policy<\/dt><dd>pinned \u00b7 as of 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Sources pinned<\/dt><dd>44 cited sources, each at the edition and retrieval date in the references<\/dd><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>none at baseline, analytical values are stated with their method<\/dd><dt>Digest<\/dt><dd>computed at <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.hard-freeze\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"Air temperature falling well below freezing for hours, killing crops, bursting pipes and stopping water flow.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">freeze<\/a> and recorded in the publication record<\/dd><dt>Supersedes<\/dt><dd>nothing, first cut of the series<\/dd><dt>Superseded by<\/dt><dd>NQ-JPN-2027-Q1-1 at the Q1 2027 close<\/dd><\/dl><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Lineage<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">source edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">pinned citation<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">finding<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">page<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">publication record<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">From the baseline cut to the first Foundry cut<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Element<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline 2026<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Q1 2027<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Sources<\/td><td>cited publications, pinned by edition<\/td><td>qualified source bindings with versions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Analysis<\/td><td>stated methods and editorial estimates<\/td><td>typed analysis specifications<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Models<\/td><td>National Model v0 specification<\/td><td>model runs with receipts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Findings<\/td><td>twelve baseline findings<\/td><td>findings re-bound to the cut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Review<\/td><td>five passes scheduled<\/td><td>five passes on the exact digest<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.4<\/span><span>Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A 2026 edition rests on evidence observed in many different years. This page shows each time base, so that no single year label hides older evidence.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Observed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Released<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Next release<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GHG emissions<\/td><td>FY2023<\/td><td>Apr 2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>Apr 2026\u201327<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Warmest year<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>Jan 2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nankai Trough estimate<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>Mar 2025<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>next revision<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heatstroke transports<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>Oct 2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food self-sufficiency<\/td><td>FY2023<\/td><td>Aug 2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population aged 65+<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>Sep 2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Births<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>Jun 2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Protected areas<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earthquake<\/a> insurance take-up<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coverage by system at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Thinnest dimension<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Seismic hazard<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>lifeline fragility by prefecture<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate forcing<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>regional rainfall extremes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>stock depth and routes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>feed and fertiliser<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>care continuity in disasters<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>pipe seismic resilience<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>condition outside protected areas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Digital<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>dependency mapping<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.5<\/span><span>Evidence cards, two anchor sources<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by the Ministry of the Environment and the National Institute for Environmental Studies under the UNFCCC. Annual, fiscal-year basis. Role: binds CLI-001 and the target figures.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-JPN-001<\/h3><p>GHG inventory FY2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-ca-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by the Central Disaster Management Council working group. Periodic; revised in March 2025. Role: binds SEI-004 and the worst-case figures, labelled as scenario estimates.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-JPN-002<\/h3><p>Nankai Trough damage estimates<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-ca-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Quality dimensions at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Dimension<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-JPN-001<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-JPN-002<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Completeness<\/td><td>all sectors and gases<\/td><td>worst-case scenario set<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Timeliness<\/td><td>about 13 months after the fiscal year<\/td><td>periodic revisions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Revision<\/td><td>annual back-revision<\/td><td>revised with new science<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Method transparency<\/td><td>published methodology<\/td><td>published assumptions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>External validation<\/td><td>UNFCCC expert review<\/td><td>expert council review<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence cards to follow in Q1 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>HERP long-term evaluations<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-ca-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup>, probability method<\/li><li>MAFF self-sufficiency<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-ca-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>, calorie and production bases<\/li><li>FDMA heatstroke data<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-ca-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>, counting rules<\/li><li>GIROJ <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">earthquake<\/a> insurance<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-ca-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup>, take-up definitions<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.6<\/span><span>Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Editorial self-check at evidence close. Every applicable item carries a disposition; the remaining items are review, approval and deposit.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Group<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Area<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Items<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pass<\/th><th scope=\"col\">N\/A<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pending<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D1<\/td><td>Identity and scope<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D2<\/td><td>Source and data<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D3<\/td><td>Analysis and models<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D4<\/td><td>Findings and claims<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D5<\/td><td>Figures, tables, maps<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D6<\/td><td>Editorial and citations<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D7<\/td><td>Review and approval<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>13<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D8<\/td><td>Artefact and design<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>7<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D9<\/td><td>Registry and release<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication gate<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Conditions met<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close<\/dd><dt>Blocking problems<\/dt><dd>none recorded<\/dd><dt>Open conditions<\/dt><dd>reviews, approval of the exact digest, deposit, registry pointer<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Not applicable at baseline<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>first runs in Q1 2027<\/dd><dt>Maps<\/dt><dd>plates in Q2 2027<\/dd><dt>Waivers<\/dt><dd>none<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Dispositions are recorded item by item in the machine-readable checklist. A FAIL on any item blocks release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.7<\/span><span>Status words<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-tab9\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The status every value carries<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it means<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"positive\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Observed<\/span><\/td><td>Measured directly and published by the source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>Published statistics of an official or institutional source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Declared<\/span><\/td><td>Stated by the body concerned; not independently measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>A Nexus estimate from cited evidence, with its method in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Modelled<\/span><\/td><td>Produced by a stated model from cited inputs.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>Reasoned from cited evidence; not measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Forecast<\/span><\/td><td>A projection by the cited source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Simulated<\/span><\/td><td>A simulation result under stated assumptions.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>A conditional statement under stated assumptions; never a prediction.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>Expert judgement, recorded with its basis.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><td>Proposed for a later edition; not yet evidence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Evidence-quality levels (EQL 1 to 5) grade the source behind a value; they are not a score of the subject.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.8<\/span><span>How the edition is made, released and corrected<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">Every edition is built from a sealed evidence cut, reviewed under three keys, signed and deposited before any site shows it as published; corrections go to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> as change proposals and feed the next cut.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Evidence arrives from the pillars<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Foundry seals observations and indicator series, Universe hands over after-action and scenario findings, and contributions are screened at every gateway, including this site&#8217;s.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 The cut is sealed<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">On the cut date the evidence is pinned under one identifier, so anyone can rebuild the edition from exactly what it was built on.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 The edition is assembled<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The edition is drafted from its template and content pack. Agents may draft; they never publish and never decide.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 The keys turn<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The Global Risks Alliance turns the capital key: its steward checks that no finding reads as advice, a rating or an underwriting decision. No edition moves on until every key has been turned by a named steward.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 The gate opens<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">A named approver releases one exact digest of the edition; any change after this point is a new version, never a silent edit.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Signed and deposited<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The PDF, the web edition and the data bundle are signed together with a manifest and an RO-Crate description, and deposited on Zenodo with a concept and a version DOI.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">07 Published on five sites<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Only then do the five Reports sites show the edition as published, each reading it through its own lens.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">08 Corrections go to Standards<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Method and correction findings go to Nexus Standards as change proposals; citations, corrections and new contributions feed the next evidence cut.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of the process, not a forecast and not a record of any run; dates and counts on this page come from the programme record. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/governance\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Reports governance at Global Risks Alliance<\/a> (2026); Zenodo, repository of record for Reports deposits (2026).<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">Lifecycle, one state at a time: Draft, Computed, Evidence bound, Reviewed, Approved for release, Published, Corrected, Superseded. This edition is a draft.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.9<\/span><span>Glossary and abbreviations<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-tab10\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Series terms<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Meaning<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Baseline Edition<\/td><td>the inaugural annual edition that fixes the reference state for the series<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEFH+B<\/td><td>water, energy, food, health and biodiversity, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/governance-in-operation\/national-nexus\" data-tc=\"National Nexus\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The national model: the NNC, the NLC and the NWG as its three participation pillars, with the National Desk, Model and Portfolio and the NSC as the standards function of the NNC (OR-13)\">national nexus<\/a> core<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coupling<\/td><td>a typed dependency through which one system transmits to another<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>the share of losses not covered by insurance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability ladder<\/td><td>LISTED \u2192 EXISTS \u2192 ADEQUATE \u2192 TESTED \u2192 DEMONSTRATED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EQL<\/td><td>evidence-quality level, 1\u20135<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence cut<\/td><td>a frozen resolution of exact sources and versions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NNC \u00b7 NLC \u00b7 NWG<\/td><td>National Nexus Consortium \u00b7 National Leadership Council \u00b7 National Working Groups<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-tab11\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Abbreviations used in this edition<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Abbreviation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Expansion<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>ANRE<\/td><td>Agency for Natural Resources and Energy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CDMC<\/td><td>Central Disaster Management Council<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FDMA<\/td><td>Fire and Disaster Management Agency<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FY<\/td><td>fiscal year, April to March<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GIAJ<\/td><td>General Insurance Association of Japan<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GIROJ<\/td><td>General Insurance Rating Organization of Japan<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GX<\/td><td>Green Transformation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HERP<\/td><td>Headquarters for <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earthquake<\/a> Research Promotion<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>JMA<\/td><td>Japan Meteorological Agency<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MAFF<\/td><td>Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>METI<\/td><td>Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MHLW<\/td><td>Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MLIT<\/td><td>Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MoE<\/td><td>Ministry of the Environment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NIES<\/td><td>National Institute for Environmental Studies<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>OCCTO<\/td><td>Organization for Cross-regional Coordination of Transmission Operators<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SSBJ<\/td><td>Sustainability Standards Board of Japan<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s10\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s10-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-s10-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.10<\/span><span>Technical annex<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-tab12\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.12<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Technical annex<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Annex<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contents<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>A.1<\/td><td>Indicator definitions<\/td><td>the baseline indicator set, with units and sources<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.2<\/td><td>Coupling strengths<\/td><td>the twenty-cell matrix and its rationale<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.3<\/td><td>Scenario specification<\/td><td>SCN-JPN-EQL-01 assumptions and signposts<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.4<\/td><td>Capability placements<\/td><td>rung evidence for fifteen functions<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.5<\/td><td>Model diagnostics<\/td><td>first runs and validation<\/td><td>Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.6<\/td><td>Sensitivity analyses<\/td><td>influence of coupling strengths<\/td><td>Q2 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.7<\/td><td>Prefectural notes<\/td><td>atlas cards for every prefecture<\/td><td>Q2 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.8<\/td><td>Review statements<\/td><td>pass-by-pass review record<\/td><td>AT RELEASE<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">A.1 \u00b7 indicator definition, net greenhouse-gas emissions<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Construct<\/dt><dd>annual emissions minus forest and land removals<\/dd><dt>Unit<\/dt><dd>Mt CO\u2082e, 100-year potentials<\/dd><dt>Scope<\/dt><dd>Japan\u2019s fiscal year<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MoE\u2013NIES inventory<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-ca-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Revision<\/dt><dd>back-revised each April<\/dd><dt>Known limits<\/dt><dd>removals estimates carry wider uncertainty<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Annexes carry the same evidence, review and correction rules as the chapters and are versioned with the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment and National Institute for Environmental Studies (eds.), Japan\u2019s National Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals in FY2023. MoE, Tokyo, April 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Central Disaster Management Council, Working Group on Nankai Trough Megaquake Countermeasures (ed.), Revised damage estimates for a Nankai Trough megaquake. Cabinet Office, Tokyo, March 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-ca-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Headquarters for <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earthquake<\/a> Research Promotion (ed.), Long-term evaluation of earthquakes along the Nankai Trough (revised). MEXT, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-ca-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (ed.), Food self-sufficiency ratio, FY2023. MAFF, Tokyo, August 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-ca-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Fire and Disaster Management Agency (ed.), \u201cHeatstroke emergency transports, May\u2013September 2024.\u201d FDMA, Tokyo, October 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-ca-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ca-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>General Insurance Rating Organization of Japan (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earthquake<\/a> insurance statistics, 2023. GIROJ, Tokyo, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-ca-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-part-data\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/\">Japan 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex B<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Data appendix<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>7 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>7 tables<\/span><span>18 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.1<\/span><span>The indicator set<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Baseline indicator set<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GHG emissions (gross)<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1,071<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>FY2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GHG emissions (net)<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1,017<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>FY2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Change since FY2013 (net)<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u221227.1<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>FY2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy-related CO\u2082<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">922<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082<\/td><td>FY2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Clean share of electricity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">&gt;30<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>FY2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy self-sufficiency<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u224815<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>FY2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food self-sufficiency (calories)<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">38<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>FY2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">123.8<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Aged 65 or over<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">29.3<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Births<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u2248686,000<\/span><\/td><td>births<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heatstroke ambulance transports<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u224897,600<\/span><\/td><td>people<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heatstroke deaths<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1,651<\/span><\/td><td>deaths<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nankai Trough worst-case deaths<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u2248298,000<\/span><\/td><td>deaths<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nankai Trough worst-case damage<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u2248292<\/span><\/td><td>\u00a5 trillion<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Protected land<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u224820.5<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Protected sea<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u224813.3<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Homes with <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">earthquake<\/a> insurance<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u224835<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-actions nrp-noprint\"><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:text\/csv;charset=utf-8,Indicator%2CValue%2CUnit%2CYear%2CState%2CSource%0AGHG%20emissions%20(gross)%2C%221%2C071%22%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2CFY2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0AGHG%20emissions%20(net)%2C%221%2C017%22%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2CFY2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0AChange%20since%20FY2013%20(net)%2C%E2%88%9227.1%2C%25%2CFY2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0AEnergy-related%20CO%E2%82%82%2C922%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82%2CFY2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B2%5D%0AClean%20share%20of%20electricity%2C%3E30%2C%25%2CFY2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B2%5D%0AEnergy%20self-sufficiency%2C%E2%89%8815%2C%25%2CFY2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B5%5D%0AFood%20self-sufficiency%20(calories)%2C38%2C%25%2CFY2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B16%5D%0APopulation%2C123.8%2Cmillion%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B15%5D%0AAged%2065%20or%20over%2C29.3%2C%25%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B15%5D%0ABirths%2C%22%E2%89%88686%2C000%22%2Cbirths%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B14%5D%0AHeatstroke%20ambulance%20transports%2C%22%E2%89%8897%2C600%22%2Cpeople%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B12%5D%0AHeatstroke%20deaths%2C%221%2C651%22%2Cdeaths%2C2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B13%5D%0ANankai%20Trough%20worst-case%20deaths%2C%22%E2%89%88298%2C000%22%2Cdeaths%2Cscenario%2CSCENARIO%2C%5B9%5D%0ANankai%20Trough%20worst-case%20damage%2C%E2%89%88292%2C%C2%A5%20trillion%2Cscenario%2CSCENARIO%2C%5B9%5D%0AProtected%20land%2C%E2%89%8820.5%2C%25%2C2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B19%5D%0AProtected%20sea%2C%E2%89%8813.3%2C%25%2C2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B19%5D%0AHomes%20with%20earthquake%20insurance%2C%E2%89%8835%2C%25%2C2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B22%5D%0A\" download=\"NR-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-indicators.csv\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, CSV<\/a><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:application\/json;charset=utf-8,%7B%0A%20%22edition%22%3A%20%22NR-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE%22%2C%0A%20%22title%22%3A%20%22Japan%20Systems%20Risk%20and%20Resilience%20Report%202026%3A%20The%20State%20of%20Japan%E2%80%99s%20Interdependent%20Systems%22%2C%0A%20%22status%22%3A%20%22Draft%20under%20stewardship%20review%3B%20not%20yet%20released%22%2C%0A%20%22licence%22%3A%20%22CC-BY-4.0%20for%20the%20edition%20table%3B%20each%20value%20keeps%20its%20source's%20licence%22%2C%0A%20%22columns%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%22Indicator%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Value%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Unit%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Year%22%2C%0A%20%20%22State%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Source%22%0A%20%5D%2C%0A%20%22rows%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22GHG%20emissions%20(gross)%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221%2C071%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22FY2023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22GHG%20emissions%20(net)%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221%2C017%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22FY2023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Change%20since%20FY2013%20(net)%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%88%9227.1%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22FY2023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Energy-related%20CO%E2%82%82%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22922%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22FY2023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Clean%20share%20of%20electricity%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%3E30%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22FY2023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Energy%20self-sufficiency%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%89%8815%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22FY2023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B5%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Food%20self-sufficiency%20(calories)%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2238%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22FY2023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B16%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Population%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22123.8%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B15%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Aged%2065%20or%20over%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2229.3%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B15%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Births%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%89%88686%2C000%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22births%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B14%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Heatstroke%20ambulance%20transports%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%89%8897%2C600%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22people%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B12%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Heatstroke%20deaths%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221%2C651%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22deaths%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B13%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Nankai%20Trough%20worst-case%20deaths%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%89%88298%2C000%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22deaths%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22scenario%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22SCENARIO%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B9%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Nankai%20Trough%20worst-case%20damage%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%89%88292%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%C2%A5%20trillion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22scenario%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22SCENARIO%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B9%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Protected%20land%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%89%8820.5%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B19%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Protected%20sea%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%89%8813.3%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B19%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Homes%20with%20earthquake%20insurance%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%89%8835%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B22%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%0A%20%5D%0A%7D\" download=\"NR-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-indicators.json\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, JSON<\/a><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOTES<\/p><p>Japan\u2019s fiscal year runs from April to March. Scenario values are labelled SCENARIO. A machine-readable copy of this table is published with the evidence bundle at release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.2<\/span><span>National source register<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Domains bound by the register<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">WAT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ENE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FOO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">HLT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">BIO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">CLI<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">INF<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FIN<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">TRD<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">MIN<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">National source register<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Category<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Period<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GHG inventory FY2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national technical authority<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>FY1990\u20132023<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 ENE<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate monitoring<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national technical authority<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>to 2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Disaster white paper<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>government<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>capability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nankai Trough estimates<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>government council<\/td><td>regional<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>SEI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Seismic evaluations<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>government headquarters<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>SEI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Noto damage reports<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>government<\/td><td>regional<\/td><td>2024\u20132026<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>SEI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heatstroke transports<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national agency<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>HLT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Vital statistics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national statistics<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2023\u20132024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>HLT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population estimates<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national statistics<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food self-sufficiency<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ministry statistics<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>FY2023<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>FOO<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earthquake<\/a> insurance<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>industry<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>FIN<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FIXTURE PROHIBITION<\/p><p>No demonstration or reference-cartographic fixture is used as evidence in this edition. The publication gate checks every binding against this register.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.3<\/span><span>Regional reading, Japan by region<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Map plates for every prefecture follow in Q2 2027, when boundary sources and public-safe resolutions are bound. This page gives the regional reading in table form.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Selected populations<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/h3><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">13.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Tokyo Metropolis<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">8.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Osaka Prefecture<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">5.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Hokkaido<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u22480.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Noto-region Ishikawa (northern)<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Regional reading, Japan by region<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Region<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Principal hazards<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems most exposed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Hokkaido and T\u014dhoku<\/td><td>earthquakes, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.tsunami\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A train of long sea waves from a sudden displacement of the sea floor or water column, flooding coasts even far from the source.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">tsunami<\/a>, heavy snow<\/td><td>energy, food, fisheries<\/td><td>T\u014dhoku 2011<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kant\u014d<\/td><td>Tokyo-area <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">earthquake<\/a>, floods, heat<\/td><td>finance, power, transport<\/td><td>Hagibis 2019<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ch\u016bbu and Hokuriku<\/td><td>earthquakes, heavy snow and rain<\/td><td>manufacturing, water<\/td><td>Noto 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kinki<\/td><td>Nankai Trough, typhoons<\/td><td>ports, industry<\/td><td>Jebi 2018<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ch\u016bgoku and Shikoku<\/td><td>heavy rain, landslides, Nankai Trough<\/td><td>rural communities<\/td><td>western Japan floods 2018<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ky\u016bsh\u016b and Okinawa<\/td><td>heavy rain, typhoons, volcanoes<\/td><td>semiconductors, agriculture<\/td><td>Kumamoto 2016<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Regional readings summarise the cited evidence. They are not risk ratings of any prefecture.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.4<\/span><span>Atlas card, Noto Peninsula (Ishikawa)<\/span><\/h2><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">region<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">peninsula<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ageing community<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">remote lifelines<\/li><\/ul><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Systems in view<\/dt><dd>water, roads, power, health and care<\/dd><dt>Defining events<\/dt><dd>M7.6 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">earthquake<\/a> on 1 January 2024; heavy-rain disaster in September 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Couplings<\/dt><dd>SEI \u2192 WAT \u2192 HLT; SEI \u2192 INF; CLI \u2192 INF<\/dd><dt>Capability evidence<\/dt><dd>national response and mutual aid in real events<\/dd><dt>Gaps<\/dt><dd>water restoration time; care continuity; relocation<\/dd><dt>Agenda items<\/dt><dd>A-01 \u00b7 A-04<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Broken mains left many households without piped water for weeks to months, the defining hardship of the recovery.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">WATER<\/h3><p>Months without pipes<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Cold, displacement and interrupted care raised deaths among older residents after the earthquake itself.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">HEALTH AND CARE<\/h3><p>Disaster-related deaths<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Landslides cut the few roads into the peninsula, delaying relief and supplies.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">ROADS<\/h3><p>Isolated by the terrain<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Atlas cards are generated for every prefecture from Q2 2027 with consistent fields and evidence-age labels. Noto is shown first because it holds the leading compound pathway.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.5<\/span><span>Japan system card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The card through which Japan appears in the East Asia regional edition and the global series. It summarises; it does not rank.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Japan system card<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline state<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>steep rivers; seismic pipe exposure<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">earthquake<\/a> into care<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>clean power &gt;30%; imported fuel<\/td><td>import disruption<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>38% self-sufficiency<\/td><td>import shocks<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>ageing; heat<\/td><td>heat and disaster load<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>high endemism<\/td><td>land use and invasives<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Context<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Archetype<\/dt><dd>high-income, ageing island economy with extreme seismic exposure<\/dd><dt>Population<\/dt><dd>123.8 million (2024)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Trade<\/dt><dd>import-dependent for fuel, food and feed<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Hazard<\/dt><dd>Nankai Trough worst case \u00a5292 trillion<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Japan\u2019s card sits beside its neighbours\u2019; shared basins, grids, corridors and supply chains are read as one regional system.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EAST ASIA REGIONAL EDITION<\/h3><p>One regional system<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Japanese evidence enters the water, energy, food, finance and climate sector reports through the same finding identifiers, so a correction travels everywhere at once.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL SECTOR SERIES<\/h3><p>Same findings, same IDs<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">In the global edition Japan is read against peer distributions and thresholds, never placed in a league table.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL FLAGSHIP<\/h3><p>Peers, not ranks<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>External rankings, where cited, keep their own method and source. Nexus never converts them into a rating, and Japan\u2019s national ownership of its edition is unaffected.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.6<\/span><span>Licences<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Licences of each kind of material<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Material<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Text<\/td><td>CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data<\/td><td>on the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td>Nexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maps<\/td><td>boundary source and licence printed on each plate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Metadata<\/td><td>CC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Third-party data, figures and text<\/td><td>The source&#8217;s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.7<\/span><span>Formats and provenance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">This edition in every format<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Format<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it is<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Web edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>Draft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Print edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indicator data<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CSV \u00b7 JSON<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>17 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE data release v1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">SVG \u00b7 PNG<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIG-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-*<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Slides<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No slide deck is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence brief<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML \u00b7 PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No evidence brief is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dataset with DOI<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DataCite<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>Concept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Provenance<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Edition pack<\/dt><dd>The edition&#8217;s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built<\/dd><dt>Evidence cut<\/dt><dd>NQ-JPN-2026-Q0-1, closed 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters<\/dd><dt>Self-check<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release<\/dd><dt>Review<\/dt><dd>five passes scheduled before release<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>GCRI for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Corrections<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment and National Institute for Environmental Studies (eds.), Japan\u2019s National Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals in FY2023. MoE, Tokyo, April 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment (ed.), Progress of the Plan for <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 global-warming\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The rise in global average surface temperature relative to a pre-industrial baseline, the headline indicator of human-driven climate change.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Global Warming<\/a> Countermeasures in FY2023. MoE, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (ed.), Annual Report on Energy (Energy White Paper) 2025. METI, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (ed.), Food self-sufficiency ratio, FY2023. MAFF, Tokyo, August 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Statistics Bureau of Japan (ed.), Population Estimates as of 1 October 2024. Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (ed.), Vital Statistics 2024 (births). MHLW, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Fire and Disaster Management Agency (ed.), \u201cHeatstroke emergency transports, May\u2013September 2024.\u201d FDMA, Tokyo, October 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (ed.), Vital Statistics: deaths from heatstroke, 2023. MHLW, Tokyo, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Central Disaster Management Council, Working Group on Nankai Trough Megaquake Countermeasures (ed.), Revised damage estimates for a Nankai Trough megaquake. Cabinet Office, Tokyo, March 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment (ed.), \u201c30by30 roadmap and protected-area statistics.\u201d MoE, Tokyo, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>General Insurance Rating Organization of Japan (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earthquake<\/a> insurance statistics, 2023. GIROJ, Tokyo, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Japan Meteorological Agency (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Monitoring Report 2024. JMA, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Japan Meteorological Agency (ed.), \u201cCharacteristics of the climate in Japan in 2024.\u201d JMA, Tokyo, January 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Cabinet Office (ed.), White Paper on Disaster Management 2025. Cabinet Office, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Headquarters for <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earthquake<\/a> Research Promotion (ed.), Long-term evaluation of earthquakes along the Nankai Trough (revised). MEXT, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Cabinet Office (ed.), \u201cDamage situation of the 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake.\u201d Cabinet Office, Tokyo, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (ed.), White Paper on Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism in Japan 2025. MLIT, Tokyo, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cb-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>General Insurance Association of Japan (ed.), \u201cInsurance payouts for major <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h3\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.wind.windstorm\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Damaging wind\" data-td=\"Damaging non-convective wind from a steep pressure gradient, bringing treefall, structural damage and power-line failure.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H3\" data-tr=\"draft\">windstorm<\/a> and flood losses.\u201d GIAJ, Tokyo, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-jpn-cb-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-part-references\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cc-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/\">Japan 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex C<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">References and record<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Every source the edition rests on, the publication record, the corrections log and the open record.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>10 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>0 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cc-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cc-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cc-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.1<\/span><span>44 sources<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">NR-CIT-1, editor first. A DOI is linked where the source has one; Nexus records carry a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> once the catalogue allocates it (NS-1).<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment and National Institute for Environmental Studies (eds.), Japan\u2019s National Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals in FY2023. MoE, Tokyo, April 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment (ed.), Progress of the Plan for <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 global-warming\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The rise in global average surface temperature relative to a pre-industrial baseline, the headline indicator of human-driven climate change.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Global Warming<\/a> Countermeasures in FY2023. MoE, Tokyo, 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Government of Japan (ed.), Japan\u2019s Nationally Determined Contribution (targets for FY2035 and FY2040). Submission to the UNFCCC, February 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (ed.), Seventh Strategic Energy Plan. Cabinet decision, Tokyo, February 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (ed.), Annual Report on Energy (Energy White Paper) 2025. METI, Tokyo, 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Japan Meteorological Agency (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Monitoring Report 2024. JMA, Tokyo, 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Japan Meteorological Agency (ed.), \u201cCharacteristics of the climate in Japan in 2024.\u201d JMA, Tokyo, January 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Cabinet Office (ed.), White Paper on Disaster Management 2025. Cabinet Office, Tokyo, 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Central Disaster Management Council, Working Group on Nankai Trough Megaquake Countermeasures (ed.), Revised damage estimates for a Nankai Trough megaquake. Cabinet Office, Tokyo, March 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Headquarters for <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earthquake<\/a> Research Promotion (ed.), Long-term evaluation of earthquakes along the Nankai Trough (revised). MEXT, Tokyo, 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Cabinet Office (ed.), \u201cDamage situation of the 2024 Noto Peninsula <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earthquake<\/a>.\u201d Cabinet Office, Tokyo, retrieved 2026-09-30. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Fire and Disaster Management Agency (ed.), \u201cHeatstroke emergency transports, May\u2013September 2024.\u201d FDMA, Tokyo, October 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (ed.), Vital Statistics: deaths from heatstroke, 2023. MHLW, Tokyo, 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (ed.), Vital Statistics 2024 (births). MHLW, Tokyo, 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Statistics Bureau of Japan (ed.), Population Estimates as of 1 October 2024. Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Tokyo, 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (ed.), Food self-sufficiency ratio, FY2023. MAFF, Tokyo, August 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (ed.), Basic Plan for Food, Agriculture and Rural Areas. MAFF, Tokyo, 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment (ed.), National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan of Japan 2023\u20132030. MoE, Tokyo, 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment (ed.), \u201c30by30 roadmap and protected-area statistics.\u201d MoE, Tokyo, retrieved 2026-09-30. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (ed.), White Paper on Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism in Japan 2025. MLIT, Tokyo, 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (ed.), Water Resources in Japan 2024. MLIT, Tokyo, 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>General Insurance Rating Organization of Japan (ed.), Earthquake insurance statistics, 2023. GIROJ, Tokyo, 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>General Insurance Association of Japan (ed.), \u201cInsurance payouts for major <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h3\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.wind.windstorm\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Damaging wind\" data-td=\"Damaging non-convective wind from a steep pressure gradient, bringing treefall, structural damage and power-line failure.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H3\" data-tr=\"draft\">windstorm<\/a> and flood losses.\u201d GIAJ, Tokyo, retrieved 2026-09-30. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Bank of Japan (ed.), Financial System Report, April 2025. Bank of Japan, Tokyo, 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Financial Services Agency (ed.), Supervisory guidance on climate-related risk management and client engagement. FSA, Tokyo, 2022.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Sustainability Standards Board of Japan (ed.), SSBJ Sustainability Disclosure Standards. SSBJ, Tokyo, March 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Cabinet Secretariat (ed.), Basic Plan for National Resilience, 2023 revision. Government of Japan, Tokyo, 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>Government of Japan (ed.), Basic Act on Disaster Countermeasures, Act No. 223 of 1961, as amended. Tokyo. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Government of Japan (ed.), Act on the Promotion of a Smooth Transition to a Decarbonised Growth-Oriented Economic Structure (GX Promotion Act), Act No. 32 of 2023. Tokyo, 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>Ministry of Finance (ed.), Climate Transition Bonds framework. MoF, Tokyo, 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>Government of Japan (ed.), Economic Security Promotion Act, Act No. 43 of 2022. Tokyo, 2022. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.), Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. IPCC, Geneva, 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNDRR (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015\u20132030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNFCCC (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a>. United Nations, Paris, 2015.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>International Energy Agency (ed.), Japan 2021: Energy Policy Review. IEA, Paris, 2021.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>International Energy Agency (ed.), Global Energy Review 2025. IEA, Paris, 2025.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>Munich Re (ed.), Natural disasters in 2025: NatCatSERVICE full-year figures. Munich Re, Munich, January 2026. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.13850054\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054<\/a> <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>World Health Organization (ed.), World Health Statistics 2025. WHO, Geneva, 2025.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Reports, The Foundational Edition, Volumes I and II. Reports series, Edition 2026\u20132030, V1.0. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Global Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026, Baseline Edition. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-ref-44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>OECD (ed.), OECD Economic Surveys: Japan 2024. OECD Publishing, Paris, 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cc-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cc-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cc-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.2<\/span><span>Publication record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Title<\/dt><dd>Japan <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026, Baseline Edition<\/dd><dt>Series<\/dt><dd>Reports \u00b7 Edition 2026\u20132030<\/dd><dt>Edition<\/dt><dd>Baseline Edition 2026 \u00b7 inaugural annual<\/dd><dt>Version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 \u00b7 draft for stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Publication date<\/dt><dd>October 2026<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>concept and version DOI at deposit<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publisher<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Place<\/dt><dd>Toronto<\/dd><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor<\/dd><dt>Stewards<\/dt><dd>GCRI \u00b7 technical truth \u00b7 GRF \u00b7 public meaning \u00b7 GRA \u00b7 capital meaning<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>text CC BY 4.0; data on the terms of each source<\/dd><dt>Copyright<\/dt><dd>\u00a9 2026 GCRI \u00b7 Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Language<\/dt><dd>English (en-GB) source edition<\/dd><dt>Correspondence<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway \u00b7 editorial office<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">DISCLAIMER<\/p><p>This edition is published for research, planning and public understanding. It is not a government assessment, an official warning, a rating, a certification, investment advice or an operational authorisation. Reasonable care has been taken with every source; consult the cited originals before relying on any value.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Colophon<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Format<\/dt><dd>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF<\/dd><dt>Typefaces<\/dt><dd>Space Grotesk (display) \u00b7 Geist (text) \u00b7 IBM Plex Sans Italic (standfirsts) \u00b7 IBM Plex Mono (data)<\/dd><dt>Design standard<\/dt><dd>Reports Foundational Edition, Volume I, Part VII<\/dd><dt>Accessibility<\/dt><dd>tagged PDF and HTML targets; text alternatives for every figure<\/dd><dt>Production<\/dt><dd>Reports editorial team, GCRI<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HOW TO CORRECT THIS EDITION<\/p><p>Report errors, omissions or objections through the Registry correction pathway. Each report is logged and answered; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version, and the original remains resolvable.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Release path for this version<\/h3><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cc-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table C.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Release path for this version<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">When<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Draft<\/td><td>editorial self-check complete at evidence close<\/td><td>October 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Steward review<\/td><td>five passes on the exact draft (keys T \u00b7 M \u00b7 F \u00b7 N)<\/td><td>Q4 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Approval<\/td><td>publication authority approves the exact digest<\/td><td>before release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Deposit<\/td><td>concept and version DOI minted; registry pointer set<\/td><td>at release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Succession<\/td><td>the Q1 2027 edition reports changes against this baseline<\/td><td>Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Current version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 draft, stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Previous edition<\/dt><dd>none, first edition of the series<\/dd><dt>Next edition<\/dt><dd>NR-COUNTRY-JPN-2027-Q1-v1.0.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Latest version<\/dt><dd>resolve the concept DOI or the registry record<\/dd><dt>Correction route<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway<\/dd><dt>Notice types<\/dt><dd>erratum \u00b7 addendum \u00b7 supersession \u00b7 withdrawal<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NO CORRECTIONS \u2260 NO LIMITS<\/p><p>The absence of corrections does not mean the absence of limitations. Limitations and uncertainty are stated where they arise in the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><div id=\"nx-nr-jpn-corrections\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cc-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cc-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cc-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.3<\/span><span>Corrections log<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-corr\"><p class=\"nx-nr-corr-sum\"><span class=\"nx-nr-corr-n\">0<\/span><span>correction notices. No edition has been released yet, so none can be corrected; the log below lists each edition&#8217;s current version.<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Version<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Date<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Change<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Notice<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Edition\"><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">JPN<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Version\" class=\"nx-rd-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/td><td data-label=\"Date\">October 2026<\/td><td data-label=\"State\">Draft<\/td><td data-label=\"Change\">Baseline Edition 2026, inaugural annual edition,<\/td><td data-label=\"Notice\">None<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-rd-source\">Notice types: erratum, addendum, supersession, withdrawal. A correction is a new version with a published notice; the earlier version stays resolvable, and no edition is ever edited in silence.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-jpn-outputs\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cc-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cc-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cc-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.4<\/span><span>Open record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-os\"><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>This edition&#8217;s open record<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Series alias<\/dt><dd>NR-NAT-JPN-2026-BL<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>Concept and version DOI at deposit, on Zenodo with DataCite metadata<\/dd><dt>Versions<\/dt><dd>Each correction is a new version (isNewVersionOf); the concept DOI resolves to the latest<\/dd><dt>Bundle<\/dt><dd>RO-Crate 1.2 with CITATION.cff, CodeMeta and PROV-O provenance; a signed manifest<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> (SPDX CC-BY-4.0) for original material; metadata CC0 1.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Credit and identity<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>ORCID<\/dt><dd>Your iD in the deposit and the contribution record; DataCite can then add the work to your ORCID record<\/dd><dt>ROR<\/dt><dd>Your organisation by its ROR identifier, never by a typed name alone<\/dd><dt>CRediT<\/dt><dd>Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualisation, Writing, review and editing<\/dd><dt>Account<\/dt><dd>None needed to contribute; never a password<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Find and follow<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">Search the open indexes for Japan; software is cited by its SWHID from Software Heritage, and a quantified scenario run is preregistered on OSF before it is run. Annotation is your choice: Hypothesis opens this page in its own viewer.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-nr-os-links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/openalex.org\/works?search=Nexus%20Reports%20Japan\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAlex<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/explore.openaire.eu\/search\/find?fv0=Nexus%20Reports%20Japan&amp;f0=q\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAIRE<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/search.crossref.org\/search\/works?q=Nexus%20Reports%20Japan\" rel=\"noopener\">Crossref<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.datacite.org\/?query=Nexus%20Reports%20Japan\" rel=\"noopener\">DataCite Commons<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/search?q=Nexus%20Reports%20Japan\" rel=\"noopener\">Zenodo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.softwareheritage.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Software Heritage<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/prereg\/\" rel=\"noopener\">OSF preregistration<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/via.hypothes.is\/https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Annotate with Hypothesis<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Mirrors and harvest<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">The DOI is canonical. At release each signed bundle is also given an IPFS content identifier and a bloxberg anchor as mirrors; both are listed in the record once they exist. Zenodo exposes every record over OAI-PMH, and reviews and endorsements can arrive through COAR Notify where the repository supports it.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-mt-3\"><figure class=\"nx-nr-code\"><figcaption class=\"nx-nr-code-cap\">InvenioRDM metadata for a contribution on Japan, prefilled from this page<\/figcaption><pre class=\"nx-nr-pre\" tabindex=\"0\"><code>{&#10;  &quot;metadata&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;id&quot;: &quot;dataset&quot;&#10;    },&#10;    &quot;title&quot;: &quot;Evidence on Japan for Nexus Reports&quot;,&#10;    &quot;publication_date&quot;: &quot;YYYY-MM-DD&quot;,&#10;    &quot;creators&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;person_or_org&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;type&quot;: &quot;personal&quot;,&#10;          &quot;family_name&quot;: &quot;Your family name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;given_name&quot;: &quot;Your given name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;identifiers&quot;: [&#10;            {&#10;              &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;orcid&quot;,&#10;              &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;0000-0000-0000-0000&quot;&#10;            }&#10;          ]&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;affiliations&quot;: [&#10;          {&#10;            &quot;id&quot;: &quot;ROR identifier of your organisation&quot;&#10;          }&#10;        ]&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;description&quot;: &quot;What it is, where its record is kept and how it bears on Japan Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026.&quot;,&#10;    &quot;rights&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;id&quot;: &quot;cc-by-4.0&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;subjects&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Nexus Reports&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Japan&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Country Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;related_identifiers&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/&quot;,&#10;        &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;url&quot;,&#10;        &quot;relation_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;issupplementto&quot;&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;publication-report&quot;&#10;        }&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;version&quot;: &quot;1.0.0&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;custom_fields&quot;: {},&#10;  &quot;access&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;record&quot;: &quot;public&quot;,&#10;    &quot;files&quot;: &quot;public&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;files&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;enabled&quot;: true&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;parent&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;communities&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;default&quot;: &quot;nexusreports&quot;&#10;    }&#10;  }&#10;}<\/code><\/pre><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-hook\" data-nx-research-hub=\"slot\" data-nx-research-context=\"{&quot;org&quot;:&quot;GRA&quot;,&quot;site&quot;:&quot;gra&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;edition&quot;,&quot;subject&quot;:&quot;Japan&quot;,&quot;series&quot;:[&quot;Country Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;]}\" hidden><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-jpn-pillars\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cc-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cc-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-jpn-cc-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.5<\/span><span>Where this edition sits among the six pillars<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Foundry seals the evidence and Universe tests it; Reports publishes it; Standards takes its corrections and Academy teaches from it.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F03 Sealed observations and indicator series<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F04 After-action and scenario findings for<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F05 National Portfolio movement for chapter<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Applied in editions<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a>: applied in editions.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>JPN edition<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Reports<\/span> Japan 2026, published in every format with its sources, citation and corrections.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F06 Method and correction findings as change<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F12 Q4 synthesis informs the next-year<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Taught in the open<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Academy<\/span> Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>What Foundry and Universe hand to this edition, and what it hands to Standards, Universe and Academy. From the programme spine; JPN is a drafted Baseline Edition, so these handoffs run from its first operational quarter.<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-pl-legend\" aria-label=\"Pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">Risk Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Handoff<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Between<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What crosses, and when<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F03<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F04<\/span><\/td><td>Universe to Reports<\/td><td>After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F05<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus Standards to Reports<\/td><td>Nexus Standards: applied in editions.<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F06<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Nexus Standards<\/td><td>Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F12<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Universe<\/td><td>Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"academy\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Risk Academy<\/td><td>Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-noprint\"><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Send evidence or a correction on Japan.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Global Risks Alliance<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GRA<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Global Risks Alliance<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See every way to contribute<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gra\/nexus-reports\/editions\/jpn\/full#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-riskalliance-com-nexus-reports-editions-jpn-full-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-riskalliance-com-nexus-reports-editions-jpn-full-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-riskalliance-com-nexus-reports-editions-jpn-full-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Reports<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/risk-science\/risk-information-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Risk information standards and interoperability<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/data\/identification-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Identification (the UNI)<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script><style>@media print { @page { margin: 20mm 17mm 20mm 17mm; @top-left { content: \"Nexus Reports\"; font: 500 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @top-right { content: \"Japan Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026 \\0000b7  Baseline Edition 2026\"; font: 400 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Sans\", sans-serif; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-left { content: \"NR-COUNTRY-JPN-2026-BASELINE \\0000b7  Draft, not released\"; font: 400 7pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-right { content: counter(page) \" \/ \" counter(pages); font: 500 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #000000; } } @page :first { @top-left { content: none; } @top-right { content: none; } } html, body { background: #ffffff; } nexus-header, nexus-footer, #wpadminbar, .site-header, .site-footer, #masthead, #colophon, .sidebar, .widget-area, .comments-area, .post-navigation, .entry-meta, .page-header, .elementor-location-header, .elementor-location-footer, body > header, body > footer { display: none; } .nxe-host { margin: 0; padding: 0; } }<\/style><script>(function () { var D = document; function hosts(f) { var h = D.querySelectorAll(\".nxe-host\"); for (var i = 0; i < h.length; i++) { f(h[i].shadowRoot ? 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