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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n2pb74ua.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-scene nx-es-scene\" data-scene=\"text\" data-ground=\"none\" data-es-org=\"gra\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scene-title\"><div class=\"nx-scene-intro nx-es-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Alliance\">GRA<\/abbr> \u00b7 Banking Nexus<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"nx-scene-accent nx-es-sig\"><strong>Spatial finance<\/strong><span>Where capital meets hazard, exposure and transition<\/span><\/p><h1 id=\"nx-scene-title\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Financial and risk engineering in banks<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">Financial and risk engineering supplies the instruments and models banks use to measure, price, hedge and transfer risk, from expected credit loss and counterparty exposure to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 value-at-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The loss level that will not be exceeded with a given confidence over a given period.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">value at risk<\/a> and capital allocation. It also supplies the discipline of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 model-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Risk of harm from decisions based on models that are wrong, misused or applied outside their validity domain.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">model risk<\/a> management that keeps those tools honest.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/banking-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/banking-nexus\/stem\/\">Back to STEM foundation of Banking Nexus<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-1-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Register<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-1\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Financial and risk engineering in banks on the record.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-es-fig\" data-es-layout=\"workbench\"><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Method record<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">STEM method<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Method<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Financial and risk engineering<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Steward<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/actuarial-quantitative-risk\/\">Actuarial and Quantitative Risk<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Applied in<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Banking Nexus<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Data<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"#nx-sec-data\">5 inputs<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Checks<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"#nx-sec-checks\">4 validation steps<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Canonical page<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/engineering\/financial-engineering\/\">STEM Commons<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-application\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Application<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What financial and risk engineering does here.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Financial and risk engineering designs instruments, models and processes to measure, price and transfer risk. It applies quantitative methods to portfolios, insurance and risk-sharing arrangements. In financial stability, capital markets and investment and climate and hazards, financial engineering enables physical and operational risks to be priced and transferred to capital markets. It informs the design of instruments that fund prevention and recovery. The canonical description is on <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/engineering\/financial-engineering\/\">the STEM Commons<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cols\"><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"8\" cy=\"8\" r=\"6\"\/><path d=\"M18.09 10.37A6 6 0 1 1 10.34 18\"\/><path d=\"M7 6h1v4\"\/><path d=\"m16.71 13.88.7.71-2.82 2.82\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Expected credit loss modelling<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Lifetime default and loss curves are built by segment and weighted across macroeconomic scenarios to give IFRS 9 provisions, with management overlays documented separately.<\/p><\/article><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 12h-2.48a2 2 0 0 0-1.93 1.46l-2.35 8.36a.25.25 0 0 1-.48 0L9.24 2.18a.25.25 0 0 0-.48 0l-2.35 8.36A2 2 0 0 1 4.49 12H2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Counterparty exposure and valuation adjustments<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Future exposure on derivatives is simulated across market paths to set limits, collateral terms and credit valuation adjustments, with wrong-way risk treated explicitly.<\/p><\/article><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M20 13c0 5-3.5 7.5-7.66 8.95a1 1 0 0 1-.67-.01C7.5 20.5 4 18 4 13V6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1c2 0 4.5-1.2 6.24-2.72a1.17 1.17 0 0 1 1.52 0C14.51 3.81 17 5 19 5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1z\"\/><path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Liquidity stress and contingency funding<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Cash flows are projected under stressed outflow and haircut assumptions to size the liquidity buffer and to test the contingency funding plan.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-field\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Activity and exposure in Western Europe.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Population density, night lights and flood water over Western Europe, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-cmap-field\" data-nx-map=\"ctx-field\" data-cmap=\"western-europe:finance\" data-ml-points=\"on\" data-ml-feeds=\"eonet|https:\/\/eonet.gsfc.nasa.gov\/api\/v3\/events\" data-ml-src=\"finance\" data-ml-plan=\"p-c9523a77\" data-ml-view=\"2d\" data-ml-ctx=\"theme:finance\" data-ml-list=\"gibs.health.people gibs.energy.ntl gibs.water.flood gibs.health.lstd gibs.energy.fires gibs.water.imerg ev.eonet ev.usgs r.hbase r.dnb r.labels\" data-ml-tools=\"inspect measure aoi export\"><div class=\"nx-wm\" data-nx-water=\"ctx-finance\" data-wm-domain=\"ctx-finance\" data-wm-tiles=\"on\" data-wm-flat=\"on\" data-wm-focus=\"-6,42,17,55.5\" data-ws-live=\"off\" data-claim=\"INTEGRATED\" data-wm-panel=\"closed\" data-wm-mode=\"2d\"><div class=\"nx-wm-stage\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"application\" aria-roledescription=\"interactive map\" aria-label=\"Activity and exposure, Western Europe: satellite and model layers from NASA on a 3D terrain of ASTER GDEM elevation. Arrow keys move; with Shift they turn and tilt in 3D; plus and minus zoom, 0 resets; I inspects, question mark lists the keys.\" aria-describedby=\"nx-wm-help\"><canvas class=\"nx-wm-canvas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas><p class=\"nx-wm-noscript\">The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-presets\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Quick views\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"flood,people||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">People and floods<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"flood,ntl||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Floods and lights<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"ntl,people||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Lights and people<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"people||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Population<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel\" id=\"nx-wm-panel\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Map layers\"><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-panel-title\">Layers <span class=\"nx-wm-count\">3<\/span><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-panel-close\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-label=\"Close the layer list\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-body\"><div class=\"nx-wm-group\"><p class=\"nx-wm-group-title\">Activity and exposure, for this page<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"people\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"20\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Population density\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)\" data-wm-kind=\"Census-based estimate, static (2020)\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Population density, 2020<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University) Gridded Population of the World v4.11 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"estimated\" data-wm-lic=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-wm-unit=\"people\/km\u00b2\">Estimated<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"people\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.people\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Estimated<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University))<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>null; Census-based estimate, static (2020)<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Census-based estimate of people per square kilometre in 2020, shown as exposure context; not a count of people affected by any hazard.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"ntl\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"21\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.9\" data-wm-short=\"Night lights\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LAADS DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite radiance, corrected for moonlight and atmosphere\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Night-time lights, daily<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LAADS DAAC VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ntl\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"nW\/(cm\u00b2 sr)\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"ntl\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.energy.ntl\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2) (NASA LAADS DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LAADS DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite radiance, corrected for moonlight and atmosphere<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-12<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite night-time radiance for the date shown; lights are a proxy for electricity use and outages, not a measurement of supply or access.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"flood\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"22\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-short=\"Flood water\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Flood water, 3-day composite<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS Global Flood Product \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"flood\">14 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"flood\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.flood\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS Global Flood Product (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"lstd\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"23\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Land temperature, day\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite 8-day composite; persistent cloud still leaves gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"lstd\">14 Sep 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"\u00b0C\">Observed (persistent cloud still leaves gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"lstd\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.lstd\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (persistent cloud still leaves gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>8-day; Satellite 8-day composite; persistent cloud still leaves gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-09-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite skin temperature of the ground over the 8 days ending on the date shown, a heat exposure indicator; not air temperature, heat index or a heat warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"fires\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"24\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"1\" data-wm-breaks=\"10,50,200\" data-wm-short=\"Fires and flares\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE FIRMS\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite detection; clouds and overpass timing leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Active fires and thermal anomalies<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE FIRMS VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"fires\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"MW\">Observed (clouds and overpass timing leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"fires\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.energy.fires\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds and overpass timing leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS) (NASA LANCE FIRMS)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE FIRMS<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite detection; clouds and overpass timing leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-13<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite hot-spot detections for the day shown, including gas flares and industrial heat; not a confirmed fire, an incident report or a warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"imerg\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"25\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-short=\"Precipitation\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA GES DISC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite estimate, near real time\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Precipitation rate, daily mean<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA GES DISC GPM IMERG \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"imerg\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"estimated\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Estimated<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"imerg\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.imerg\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Estimated<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>GPM IMERG (NASA GES DISC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA GES DISC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite estimate, near real time<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-12<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 2 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite estimate, near real time. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-rail\" role=\"toolbar\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\" aria-label=\"Map controls\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-open\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-panel\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Layers\" title=\"Layers\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2.5l-6.5 3.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5zm-6.5 6.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5m-13 2.8 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"tools\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-menu\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" title=\"Expert tools\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 4.5l10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-7.5-8.5 0 3m5 .5 0 3m-3.5.5 0 3\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-sep\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"in\" aria-label=\"Zoom in\" title=\"Zoom in\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 3v10M3 8h10\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"out\" aria-label=\"Zoom out\" title=\"Zoom out\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 8h10\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"reset\" aria-label=\"Reset the view\" title=\"Reset the view\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.2 8a4.8 4.8 0 1 0 1.5-3.5M3.2 2.6v2.6h2.6\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"full\" aria-label=\"Full screen\" title=\"Full screen\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M2.5 6l0-3.5 3.5 0m7.5 3.5 0-3.5-3.5 0m-7.5 7.5 0 3.5 3.5 0m7.5-3.5 0 3.5-3.5 0\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-menu\" id=\"nx-wm-menu\" role=\"menu\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"inspect\">Inspect a point<kbd>I<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"measure\">Measure distance<kbd>M<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"share\">Copy a link to this view<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"png\">Export as PNG with credits<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"xt\" data-wm-xt=\"NxAjSJ6JoGGZsXu22d+kvA4nR9AJ6Njy+\/Xy2FIyELw=\">More expert tools<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\">Keyboard shortcuts<kbd>?<\/kbd><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-keys\" role=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Keyboard shortcuts\" hidden><p class=\"nx-wm-keys-title\">Keyboard, with the map focused<\/p><dl class=\"nx-wm-keys-list\"><\/dl><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-keys-close\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\" aria-label=\"Close the shortcuts\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-hint\" hidden>Hold Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll to zoom<\/p><p class=\"nx-wm-toolbar\" role=\"status\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-tip\" role=\"tooltip\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin\" hidden><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-pin-title\"><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"unpin\" aria-label=\"Close the card\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-chart\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-body\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-dock\"><div class=\"nx-wm-time\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Imagery date\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"prev\" aria-label=\"One day earlier\">\u2039<\/button><p class=\"nx-wm-time-label\">Latest available<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"next\" aria-label=\"One day later\">\u203a<\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-track\" role=\"slider\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Imagery date, up to 30 days back\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"30\" aria-valuenow=\"30\" aria-valuetext=\"Latest available\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-latest\" data-wm-step=\"latest\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Latest<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-chips\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Legends\"><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-attrib\">NASA GIBS \/ EOSDIS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) \u00b7 Blue Marble (NASA) \u00b7 \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) \u00b7 Natural Earth<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-legends\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-container nx-wm-below\"><p class=\"nx-wm-status\" role=\"status\">Loading the latest NASA imagery.<\/p><p id=\"nx-wm-help\" class=\"nx-wm-help\">Drag to move. Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.<\/p><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Activity and exposure, framed on Western Europe.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.<\/span><\/p><details class=\"nx-wm-credits\"><summary><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-line\">Data: NASA GIBS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM \u00b7 Blue Marble \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors<\/a> \u00b7 Natural Earth \u00b7 NASA EONET \u00b7 U.S. Geological Survey \u00b7 CIESIN\/Columbia, NASA SEDAC HBASE<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-more\">Sources and licences<\/span><\/summary><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.field-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.water-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"sedac.gpw-v4\">Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7927\/H49C6VHW\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.7927\/H49C6VHW<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.laads.black-marble\">VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; distributed by the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.viirs-water\">VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.firms\">NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS), VIIRS 375 m active fire product, NASA LANCE; vector tiles via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gpm.imerg\">GPM IMERG precipitation, NASA Precipitation Processing System; distributed by the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa-meti.aster-gdem-v3\">ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA\/METI\/AIST\/Japan Spacesystems and U.S.\/Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"naturalearth.all-scales\">Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/about\/terms-of-use\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Public domain<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.reference-osm\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">ODbL<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.earth-observatory.blue-marble\">Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li>Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.<\/li><li><\/li><li>Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.<\/li><li>Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.<\/li><li>Live: U.S. Geological Survey Events are indicative, not authority warnings.<\/li><li>Context: CIESIN\/Columbia, NASA SEDAC HBASE. Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University, and NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC): Global Human Built-up And Settlement Extent (HBASE) 2010; Seto, Guneralp and Hutyra 2012, Global Grid of Probabilities of Urban Expansion to 2030; Global Urban Heat Island (UHI) Data Set, 2013.<\/li><li>NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>Optional layers (5 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><strong>Layers and dates<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li>Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/li><li>Night-time lights, daily: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ntl\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Flood water, 3-day composite: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"flood\">14 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite: VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"lstd\">14 Sep 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Active fires and thermal anomalies: VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS), NASA LANCE FIRMS \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"fires\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Precipitation rate, daily mean: GPM IMERG, NASA GES DISC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"imerg\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/p><\/details><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot nx-live-slot--map\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gra\/A02\/stem\/financial-engineering\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Banking Nexus live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-1\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-label=\"Data, Monitor, Validation\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Data, Monitor, Validation\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-data\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Data<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-5-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Monitor<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-checks\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Validation<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-data\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What the method consumes.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Datasets and records used by financial and risk engineering on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/banking-nexus\/research\/sources\/\">the source register<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Data<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Position and exposure records<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Portfolio and exposure inputs<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Market price and yield data<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Valuation and simulation<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Default and loss histories<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Parameter calibration<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Supervisory scenario variables<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Stress inputs<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Collateral and netting agreements<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Exposure mitigation<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"data\" data-nxf-kind=\"data\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gra\/A02\/stem\/financial-engineering\/#data\" data-nxf-title=\"Method record\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gra\/A02\/stem\/financial-engineering\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-5-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Monitor<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Tail fit.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The screen a team would use to follow this method: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-banking-method-tail\" data-cx=\"banking.method-tail\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Tail fit: illustrative console with example names and values\"><div class=\"nx-fk-head\"><div class=\"nx-fk-heading\"><h3 class=\"nx-fk-title\">Tail fit<\/h3><p class=\"nx-fk-sub\">Banking \u00b7 Financial and risk engineering \u00b7 Run R-0930<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-fk-btn\" data-fk-act=\"menu\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\" hidden><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v11\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><path d=\"M5 20h14\"\/><\/svg>Export<\/button><ul class=\"nx-fk-menu\" data-fk-menu=\"true\" hidden><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-png\">Image<small>PNG of the map or chart<\/small><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-csv\">Data<small>CSV of the figure&#8217;s values<\/small><\/button><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-status\"><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Shape parameter uncertain<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-prod\">GRA \u00b7 Banking Nexus<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-grid\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"4\" data-t=\"chart\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Return level curve<\/h4><\/div><\/div><svg class=\"nx-fk-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 460 210\" width=\"460\" height=\"210\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Return level curve\" focusable=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" data-fk-chart=\"cx-banking-method-tail-c0\" data-fk-xs=\"log,2,500,36,446\" data-fk-ys=\"lin,0,100,180,20\" data-fk-xf=\"rp\" data-fk-series=\"OEP|ink|l||2:4.3;5:10.5;10:17.9;20:26.6;50:36.5;100:47.6;200:60;500:73.6~AEP|acc|l||2:4.5;5:11.2;10:19.2;20:28.9;50:40.1;100:52.8;200:67.3;500:83.5\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"2\" data-t=\"kv\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Method card<\/h4><\/div><\/div><dl class=\"nx-fk-dl\"><div><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>Financial and risk engineering<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Approach<\/dt><dd>peaks over threshold<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Threshold<\/dt><dd>92th percentile<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Label<\/dt><dd><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"info\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>MODELLED<\/span><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"6\" data-t=\"table\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Parameters<\/h4><p class=\"nx-fk-panel-sub\">generalised Pareto fit<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tablewrap\" data-fk-view=\"table:cx-banking-method-tail-t2\"><table class=\"nx-fk-table\" data-fk-table=\"cx-banking-method-tail-t2\" aria-label=\"Parameters\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c0\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c0\">Parameter<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c1\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c1\">Estimate<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c2\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c2\">Lower<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c3\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c3\">Upper<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c4\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c4\">Note<\/button><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-banking-method-tail:r2-0\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Shape \u03be<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.18\">0.18<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.02\">0.02<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.36\">0.36<\/td><td>heavy tail if above zero<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-banking-method-tail:r2-1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Scale \u03c3<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"2.3\">2.3<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.9\">0.9<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"6.3\">6.3<\/td><td>units of the variable<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-banking-method-tail:r2-2\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Exceedances<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"87\">87<\/td><td data-num=\"true\"><\/td><td data-num=\"true\"><\/td><td>declustered<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\" hidden><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Tail fit: the screen&#8217;s structure, terms and states for Banking.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Example names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-checks\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Validation<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How results are checked.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Models are back-tested, benchmarked against alternatives and reviewed by independent validation functions. Stress tests probe behaviour beyond historical data.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Check<\/th><th scope=\"col\">How it is done<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Independent validation<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Models are reviewed by a function separate from development before use and periodically afterwards<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Benchmarking<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Outputs are compared with challenger models and with peer or supervisory benchmarks<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Stress beyond history<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Model behaviour is examined under scenarios outside the calibration data<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Model inventory and tiering<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Every model is recorded with its owner, use, materiality and validation status<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Models calibrated to normal markets can underestimate tail losses and correlation shifts. Complex instruments may obscure where risk ultimately sits.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-2\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-label=\"Stress test, Connections\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Stress test, Connections\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-instrument\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Stress test<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-connections\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Connections<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-instrument\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-ns-layout=\"es-wide\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Stress test<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How a shock to assets becomes a system loss.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The equity the system loses after interbank contagion, against the initial hit, as leverage, interconnection and recovery rates change, the core of a macroprudential <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 stress-test\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An assessment of how a system, portfolio or institution would perform under severe but plausible adverse scenarios, to find weaknesses before they are revealed by events.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">stress test<\/a>. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows Western Europe; the model itself is not tied to a place.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-in nx-fk\" id=\"nx-in-banking-nexus-stem-financial-engineering-0\" data-nxi=\"debtrank\" data-nxi-id=\"debtrank\" data-nxi-z=\"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\" aria-label=\"How a shock to assets becomes a system loss\"><div class=\"nx-in-body\"><div class=\"nx-in-main\"><div class=\"nx-in-tabs\" data-nxi-tabs=\"true\" aria-label=\"Views of the model\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"result\">Result<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"net\">Network<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"fan\">Uncertainty<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"tornado\">Sensitivity<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"loops\">Loops<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-stage\" id=\"nx-in-banking-nexus-stem-financial-engineering-0-stage\" data-nxi-stage=\"true\" data-view=\"result\"><svg class=\"nx-in-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 720 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Equity lost\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"nx-in-tip\" data-nxi-tip=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p><div class=\"nx-in-bar\" data-nxi-bar=\"true\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Play over time\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-prev=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step back\">&#8249;<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-play=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Play<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-next=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step forward\">&#8250;<\/button><span class=\"nx-in-step\" data-nxi-step=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-side\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><div class=\"nx-in-ctl\" data-nxi-ctl=\"true\"><dl class=\"nx-in-pv\"><div><dt>Fall in external assets<\/dt><dd>2.0%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Leverage (assets over equity)<\/dt><dd>10 times<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Interbank share of assets<\/dt><dd>10%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Recovery on interbank claims<\/dt><dd>40%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Banks in the system<\/dt><dd>20<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Core banks<\/dt><dd>20% of banks<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Readouts<\/p><dl class=\"nx-in-out\" data-nxi-out=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><div><dt>Equity lost to the initial shock<\/dt><dd>18.0%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Equity lost after contagion<\/dt><dd>45.0%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Added by contagion (DebtRank)<\/dt><dd>27.0 points<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Banks in default<\/dt><dd>0<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><\/div><details class=\"nx-in-more\"><summary>Numbers, methods and sources<\/summary><div class=\"nx-in-more-in\"><div class=\"nx-in-tblw\" data-nxi-table=\"true\"><table class=\"nx-in-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Round<\/th><th scope=\"col\">System equity lost (%)<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Banks in default<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">0<\/th><td>18.00<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">1<\/th><td>28.80<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">2<\/th><td>35.28<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">3<\/th><td>39.17<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">4<\/th><td>41.50<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">5<\/th><td>42.90<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">6<\/th><td>43.74<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">7<\/th><td>44.24<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">8<\/th><td>44.55<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">9<\/th><td>44.73<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">10<\/th><td>44.84<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">11<\/th><td>44.90<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">12<\/th><td>44.94<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">13<\/th><td>44.96<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">14<\/th><td>44.98<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">15<\/th><td>44.99<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">16<\/th><td>44.99<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">17<\/th><td>45.00<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">18<\/th><td>45.00<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">19<\/th><td>45.00<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">20<\/th><td>45.00<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">21<\/th><td>45.00<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">22<\/th><td>45.00<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">23<\/th><td>45.00<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">24<\/th><td>45.00<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">25<\/th><td>45.00<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">26<\/th><td>45.00<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">27<\/th><td>45.00<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">28<\/th><td>45.00<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">29<\/th><td>45.00<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">30<\/th><td>45.00<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-csv=\"true\" hidden>Download the numbers (CSV)<\/button><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Methods<\/h4><ol class=\"nx-in-meth\"><li>DebtRank <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Battiston and others (2012), Scientific Reports 2:541<\/span><\/li><li>Differential DebtRank <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Bardoscia and others (2015), PLOS ONE 10<\/span><\/li><li>Contagion in financial networks <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Gai and Kapadia (2010), Proc. R. Soc. A 466<\/span><\/li><li>Clearing in financial networks <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Eisenberg and Noe (2001), Management Science 47<\/span><\/li><li>Uncertainty fan (parameter Monte Carlo) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333<\/span><\/li><li>One-at-a-time sensitivity (tornado) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley<\/span><\/li><\/ol><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Data<\/h4><p class=\"nx-p\">No observed data enters this model: it runs on the teaching values set by the controls, to be replaced with a programme&#8217;s own evidence.<\/p><\/div><\/details><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\">How a shock to assets becomes a system loss. Illustrative teaching model: it runs on the values set by the controls, not on measured data. Methods: DebtRank (Battiston and others (2012), Scientific Reports 2:541); Differential DebtRank (Bardoscia and others (2015), PLOS ONE 10); Contagion in financial networks (Gai and Kapadia (2010), Proc. R. Soc. A 466).<\/figcaption><div class=\"nx-in-pls\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the six pillars, led by Nexus Consortium<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-pl\" aria-label=\"Where this instrument connects across the pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Experiments<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Built in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/banking-nexus\/foundry\/\">Banking Nexus in Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Tested at<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/banking-nexus\/universe\/\">Banking Nexus in Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Codified in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/finance\/\">Finance, Insurance and the Economy in Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Published in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/banking-nexus\/reports\/\">Banking Nexus in Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Taught in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/finance-economics\/\">Faculty of Finance and Economics in Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><span class=\"nx-in-keep\" hidden><i data-c=\"c1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c4\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c6\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"h3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"neg\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"0\"><\/i><i data-l=\"1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"2\"><\/i><i data-l=\"3\"><\/i><i data-l=\"4\"><\/i><i data-l=\"5\"><\/i><i data-on=\"0\"><\/i><i data-on=\"1\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"p\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"n\"><\/i><i data-k=\"R\"><\/i><i data-k=\"B\"><\/i><i data-k=\"dash\"><\/i><i data-dash=\"true\"><\/i><i data-view=\"result\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"on\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"off\"><\/i><i class=\"nx-in-svg nx-in-grid nx-in-ax nx-in-tk nx-in-at nx-in-ln nx-in-band nx-in-lbl nx-in-lk nx-in-ref nx-in-reft nx-in-mk nx-in-x nx-in-rect nx-in-val nx-in-rowl nx-in-cl nx-in-arrow nx-in-pol nx-in-cln nx-in-loop nx-in-edge nx-in-node nx-in-nl nx-in-reach nx-in-trib nx-in-agent nx-in-flow nx-in-legend nx-in-sw nx-in-note nx-in-loops nx-in-3d nx-in-cv nx-in-field nx-in-fl nx-in-fv nx-in-range nx-in-btn nx-in-err nx-in-tbl nx-in-cite\"><\/i><\/span><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-connections\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connections<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Topics that rely on this method.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/banking-nexus\/topics\/credit-and-counterparty-risk\/\"><span>Credit and counterparty risk<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/banking-nexus\/topics\/capital-and-liquidity\/\"><span>Capital and liquidity<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/banking-nexus\/topics\/bank-operational-resilience\/\"><span>Bank operational resilience<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/banking-nexus\/topics\/climate-and-nature-bank-risk\/\"><span>Climate and nature risk in banking<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/banking-nexus\/topics\/payment-dependencies\/\"><span>Payment dependencies<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/banking-nexus\/topics\/model-and-ai-risk\/\"><span>Model and AI risk<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/banking-nexus\/topics\/housing-property-finance\/\"><span>Housing and property finance<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/banking-nexus\/topics\/islamic-banking\/\"><span>Islamic banking<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-twin\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-span=\"wide\" data-ns-layout=\"twin\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Trace a shock in financial and risk engineering in banks to the balance sheet.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Assembled from the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> area profile <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/finance\/central-banks-and-supervisors\/\">Central banks and financial supervisors<\/a>: the shocks it names, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Pick an initiating shock and step through the cascade to see which exposures it reaches and where losses could concentrate. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every weight is a stated assumption. An exercise, not a forecast, a valuation, a rating or investment advice. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/system-builder\/\">System Builder<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin\" data-ns-data=\"nx-twin-es-stem-financial-engineering-A02\" data-ns-credits=\"Nexus Standards registry and area profiles; Nexus Hazard Standard NHS-1 1.1.0\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin-static\"><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/hydrometeorological-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\">Tropical cyclone<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earthquake<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h9\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.flood.ice-jam-flood\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Freshwater inundation\" data-td=\"River water backing up behind an ice blockage and flooding adjacent land, sometimes with ice and debris.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H9\" data-tr=\"draft\">Ice-jam flood<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">Wildfire<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.storm-surge\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Sea level pushed above the tide by storm wind and low pressure, flooding the coast.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">Storm surge<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h4\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.precipitation.heavy-rain\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Precipitation extremes\" data-td=\"Rain falling fast or long enough to overwhelm drainage, soils and streams and to trigger floods and slope failures.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H4\" data-tr=\"draft\">Intense rainfall<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li>River flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Flash flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Dangerous surf (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Widespread power outage (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Mass displacement (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Coastal flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Aftershock sequence (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Fault surface rupture (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Soil liquefaction (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Slope slide (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Rockfall (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Tsunami (set off downstream)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Systems and couplings<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/finance\/central-banks-and-supervisors\/\">Central banks and financial supervisors<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/finance\/banking\/\">Banking<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Coupling<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/finance\/insurance-and-reinsurance\/\">Insurance and reinsurance<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Coupling<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/finance\/asset-owners-and-asset-management\/\">Asset owners and asset management<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Coupling<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/finance\/financial-and-economic-risk-standards\/\">Financial and economic risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Coupling<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><code>NS-0<\/code> Constitution and principles<\/li><li><code>NS-3<\/code> Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)<\/li><li><code>NS-9<\/code> Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)<\/li><li><code>NS-10<\/code> Policies and clauses (machine-readable obligations: definition, binding, evaluation and enforcement)<\/li><li><code>NS-11<\/code> Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)<\/li><li><code>NS-14<\/code> Conformance and crosswalk to external standards<\/li><li><code>NRS-H113<\/code> Hazard family: Financial-system fragility (NHS-1 soc.financial-system)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H59<\/code> Hazard family: Economic shocks and governance failure (NHS-1 soc.economic)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H62<\/code> Hazard family: Compound and multi-hazard events (NHS-1 sys.compound)<\/li><li><code>NRS-C5<\/code> Scenarios and stress testing<\/li><li><code>NRS-H94<\/code> Hazard family: Systemic cyber events (NHS-1 cyber.systemic-cyber)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H118<\/code> Hazard family: Organised crime and illicit economies (NHS-1 soc.crime)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Observation<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>IMF data services (IFS, FSI, WEO, GFS) (listed for reference)<\/li><li>BIS statistics (banking, credit, debt securities, property prices) (listed for reference)<\/li><li>ECB Data Portal (listed for reference)<\/li><li>NGFS Scenario Explorer (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)<\/li><li>Bank capital to assets ratio (%)<\/li><li>Macroeconomic Dashboard<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Example geography<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Western Europe: 152 hexagonal cells<\/li><li>Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day\/Night Band), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Surface water through cloud, 30 m (OPERA DSWx-S1 radar), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Carbon monoxide, smoke transport (AIRS), NASA GIBS<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-3\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-label=\"Stewardship, Exposure, loss and capital, Connected, Questions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Stewardship, Exposure, loss and capital, Connected, Questions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-stewardship\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Stewardship<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-audience\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Exposure, loss and capital<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-12-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Connected<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-13-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Questions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-stewardship\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Stewardship<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who maintains the method.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/actuarial-quantitative-risk\/\">Actuarial and Quantitative Risk<\/a> stewards financial and risk engineering for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/engineering\/financial-engineering\/\">Canonical page: Financial and risk engineering<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-audience\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Exposure, loss and capital<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What financial and risk engineering in banks means for exposure, loss and capital.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The exposure, loss, scenario and capital views a risk officer, supervisor or ministry of finance would ask for, with the frameworks they report against. Structures follow supervisory and actuarial practice. Values are illustrative: never prices, ratings or advice.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-au\" data-au-voice=\"finance\" data-au-n=\"1\"><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"scenario-pathways\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Scenario pathways<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">How financial and risk engineering in banks could be stressed under the scenario families central banks and supervisors use.<\/p><div class=\"nx-au-fig\"><svg class=\"nx-au-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 560 214\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Combined transition and physical pressure under three scenario families\" focusable=\"false\"><line class=\"nx-au-ax\" x1=\"46\" y1=\"190\" x2=\"450\" y2=\"190\"\/><line class=\"nx-au-ax\" x1=\"46\" y1=\"16\" x2=\"46\" y2=\"190\"\/><path class=\"nx-au-ln\" d=\"M46 155.2l80.8-38.3 80.8-13.9 80.8 7 80.8 10.4 80.8 8.7\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"458\" y=\"133.1\" text-anchor=\"start\">Orderly<\/text><path class=\"nx-au-ac\" d=\"M46 155.2l80.8-3.5 80.8-13.9 80.8-73.1 80.8 10.5 80.8 19.1\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"458\" y=\"98.3\" text-anchor=\"start\">Disorderly<\/text><path class=\"nx-au-ln nx-au-dash\" d=\"M46 155.2l80.8-7 80.8-10.4 80.8-13.9 80.8-20.9 80.8-27.8\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"458\" y=\"79.16\" text-anchor=\"start\">Hot house world<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"46\" y=\"206\" text-anchor=\"middle\">2025<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"126.8\" y=\"206\" text-anchor=\"middle\">2030<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"207.6\" y=\"206\" text-anchor=\"middle\">2035<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"288.4\" y=\"206\" text-anchor=\"middle\">2040<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"369.2\" y=\"206\" text-anchor=\"middle\">2045<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"450\" y=\"206\" text-anchor=\"middle\">2050<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"40\" y=\"33.4\" text-anchor=\"end\">high<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"40\" y=\"172.6\" text-anchor=\"end\">low<\/text><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Scenario family<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Transition risk<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Physical risk<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What a stress test asks<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Scenario family\">Orderly<\/td><td data-label=\"Transition risk\">Early, gradual policy<\/td><td data-label=\"Physical risk\">Lower<\/td><td data-label=\"What a stress test asks\">Can the book absorb a steady repricing?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Scenario family\">Disorderly<\/td><td data-label=\"Transition risk\">Late, abrupt policy<\/td><td data-label=\"Physical risk\">Lower to medium<\/td><td data-label=\"What a stress test asks\">What breaks under a sudden repricing and credit migration?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Scenario family\">Hot house world<\/td><td data-label=\"Transition risk\">Limited policy<\/td><td data-label=\"Physical risk\">High and rising<\/td><td data-label=\"What a stress test asks\">Where do physical losses concentrate in collateral and insurance?<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Scenario families as defined by the NGFS; the curves are an illustrative combined pressure index, not NGFS variables or forecasts.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-chips nx-au-fw\" aria-label=\"Frameworks cited\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">NGFS climate scenarios \u00b7 Network for Greening the Financial System<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">IFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosures \u00b7 ISSB<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">TCFD recommendations \u00b7 Financial Stability Board TCFD<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Principles for the effective management of climate-related financial risks \u00b7 Basel Committee on Banking Supervision<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-12-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connected<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page leads across the Consortium.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/actuarial-quantitative-risk\/stem\/financial-engineering\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Steward platform<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GRA<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Financial and risk engineering for actuarial and quantitative risk<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Actuarial and Quantitative Risk stewards this method.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-13-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>What are the limits of financial and risk engineering in this field?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Models calibrated to normal markets can underestimate tail losses and correlation shifts. Complex instruments may obscure where risk ultimately sits.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How are results checked?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Models are back-tested, benchmarked against alternatives and reviewed by independent validation functions. Stress tests probe behaviour beyond historical data.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Are the values on this page real?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The data names, roles and checks are real descriptions of practice. The canvas shows a design of the method&#8217;s use, not a run; no result is reported here.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Where else is this method applied?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/engineering\/financial-engineering\/\">canonical method page<\/a> lists every platform that applies it.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. 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