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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n2ndb8k6.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-hero\" data-layout=\"compact\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-title-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-theme-toggle\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Appearance of this page\" hidden><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"light\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Light<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"dark\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Dark<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"auto\" aria-pressed=\"true\">System<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-grid\"><div class=\"nx-hero-text\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Alliance\">GRA<\/abbr><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Actuarial and Quantitative Risk<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-accent-row\"><span class=\"nx-accent-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span>Actuarial and Quantitative Risk \u00b7 Topics<\/span><\/div><h1 id=\"nx-title-1\" class=\"nx-hero-title\">Topics<\/h1><p class=\"nx-tagline\">Topics at Actuarial and Quantitative Risk: the pages in this section are listed below, each with its own scope and status.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/actuarial-quantitative-risk\/topics\/loss-distributions\/\">Open Loss distributions <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/actuarial-quantitative-risk\/\">Back to Actuarial and Quantitative Risk<\/a><\/div><dl class=\"nx-facts\"><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Publisher<\/dt><dd>The Global Risks Alliance<\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Field<\/dt><dd>Insurance and catastrophe, Methods and modelling, Capital markets and investment<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section> <nav class=\"nx-index-strip\" data-nx-spy=\"true\" aria-label=\"On this page\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><a href=\"#nx-sec-about-this-section\"><span>01<\/span>About this section<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-pg-nx-gra-a-p11-tp\"><span>02<\/span>Topic map<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-pg-sources\"><span>03<\/span>Sources<\/a><a href=\"#nx-s-5-sec\"><span>04<\/span>Pages<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-nr-gateway\"><span>05<\/span>Contribute<\/a><\/div><\/nav> <section id=\"nx-sec-about-this-section\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-variant=\"inset\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">About this section<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Topics at Actuarial and Quantitative Risk.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">GRA is a nonprofit business league for the financial services industry. It does not lend, underwrite, rate, invest, advise on or arrange transactions, and readiness work is not approval.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-nx-gra-a-p11-tp\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"project\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic map<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Actuarial and Quantitative Risk topics, and the question each answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><ul class=\"nx-dir\" data-cols=\"2\" aria-label=\"Topic\"><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/actuarial-quantitative-risk\/topics\/loss-distributions\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Loss distributions in actuarial modelling<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">The question<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">A loss distribution describes how often losses occur and how large they are, for one policy, a portfolio or a whole line of business.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/actuarial-quantitative-risk\/topics\/extreme-value-methods\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Extreme value methods for risk<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">The question<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Extreme value theory gives a statistical basis for estimating the size and frequency of losses and hazards beyond what the record shows.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/actuarial-quantitative-risk\/topics\/climate-adjusted-pricing\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Climate-adjusted insurance pricing<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">The question<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Insurance premiums have traditionally been based on long averages of past losses.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/actuarial-quantitative-risk\/topics\/credibility-and-sparse-data\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Credibility theory and sparse data<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">The question<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Many risks have little data: new products, small portfolios, rare perils and emerging markets.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/actuarial-quantitative-risk\/topics\/dependence-and-correlation\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Dependence and correlation in risk models<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">The question<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Diversification lowers capital only if risks do not move together.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/actuarial-quantitative-risk\/topics\/capital-and-solvency-models\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Capital and solvency models explained<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">The question<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Capital and solvency models set how much capital insurers and other financial firms must hold to absorb severe losses.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/actuarial-quantitative-risk\/topics\/model-validation-quant\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Quantitative model validation<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">The question<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Quantitative models for pricing, reserving, capital and risk must be shown fit for purpose before they are relied on.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/actuarial-quantitative-risk\/topics\/mortality-and-longevity\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Mortality and longevity risk modelling<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">The question<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Mortality and longevity assumptions decide the cost of life insurance, annuities and pensions.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><p class=\"nx-p\">Topic pages in Actuarial and Quantitative Risk share one structure: mechanisms, indicators, sources, methods, decisions and limits, written for actuaries and quantitative analysts.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page&#8217;s references lead.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/dir\/2009\/138\/oj\"><span>Solvency II Directive 2009\/138\/EC as amended by the 2025 review (apply from 30 January 2027)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iais.org\/activities-topics\/standard-setting\/icps-and-comframe\/\"><span>IAIS Insurance Core Principles and ComFrame, including the Insurance Capital Standard (adopted December 2024)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/supervisionreg\/srletters.htm\"><span>US interagency revised guidance on model risk management, SR 26-2 (April 2026), superseding SR 11-7<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-5-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"project\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Pages<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Pages in Topics.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cards\" data-cols=\"3\"><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/actuarial-quantitative-risk\/topics\/loss-distributions\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Loss distributions<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Frequency, severity and aggregate loss, and how tails are estimated.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/actuarial-quantitative-risk\/topics\/extreme-value-methods\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Extreme value methods<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Tail estimation for hazards, markets and operational losses.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/actuarial-quantitative-risk\/topics\/climate-adjusted-pricing\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Climate-adjusted pricing questions<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">How non-stationary hazard changes pricing assumptions.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/actuarial-quantitative-risk\/topics\/credibility-and-sparse-data\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Credibility and sparse data<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Working where loss history is short or missing.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/actuarial-quantitative-risk\/topics\/dependence-and-correlation\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Dependence and correlation<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Copulas, contagion and why correlations break in stress.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/actuarial-quantitative-risk\/topics\/capital-and-solvency-models\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Capital and solvency models<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Internal models, standard formulas and their assumptions.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/actuarial-quantitative-risk\/topics\/model-validation-quant\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Quantitative model validation<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Back-testing, benchmarking and challenger models.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/actuarial-quantitative-risk\/topics\/mortality-and-longevity\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Mortality and longevity<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Health, heat and demographic change in life and pension risk.<\/p><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Global Risks Alliance<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Actuarial and Quantitative Risk<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Methods and Technical<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Finance and Insurance Readiness<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/actuarial-quantitative-risk\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GRA<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. 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A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-kalliance-com-actuarial-quantitative-risk-topics-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-kalliance-com-actuarial-quantitative-risk-topics-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-kalliance-com-actuarial-quantitative-risk-topics-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/standards\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Nexus Standards<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/finance-economics\/actuarial-science\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Actuarial science<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/finance\/financial-and-economic-risk-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Financial and economic risk standards<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-6\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Actuarial and Quantitative Risk<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring an exposure or capital question to the Alliance.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Information and enquiries are open today. 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